KEGG   ORTHOLOGY: K00225Help
Entry
K00225                      KO                                     

Name
GLDH
Definition
L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase [EC:1.3.2.3]
Pathway
Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism
Module
M00114  
Ascorbate biosynthesis, plants, glucose-6P => ascorbate
Brite
KEGG Orthology (KO) [BR:ko00001]
 Metabolism
  Carbohydrate metabolism
   00053 Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism
    K00225  GLDH; L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase
KEGG modules [BR:ko00002]
 Pathway module
  Nucleotide and amino acid metabolism
   Cofactor and vitamin biosynthesis
    M00114  Ascorbate biosynthesis, plants, glucose-6P => ascorbate
     K00225  GLDH; L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase
Enzymes [BR:ko01000]
 1. Oxidoreductases
  1.3  Acting on the CH-CH group of donors
   1.3.2  With a cytochrome as acceptor
    1.3.2.3  L-galactonolactone dehydrogenase
     K00225  GLDH; L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase
BRITE hierarchy
Other DBs
Genes
ATH: 
AT3G47930(GLDH)
ALY: 
CRB: 
EUS: 
BRP: 
103873188(GLDH)
BNA: 
THJ: 
CIT: 
CIC: 
TCC: 
GRA: 
105761589
GHI: 
107925893 107942591
EGR: 
104444330
GMX: 
100526948 100793515
PVU: 
PHAVU_007G247900g
VRA: 
106772555
VAR: 
108326445
CCAJ: 
109805599
MTR: 
MTR_0506s0040 MTR_1g050360
CAM: 
101498593
ADU: 
107474610
AIP: 
107625443
LJA: 
Lj0g3v0304529.1(Lj0g3v0304529.1) Lj5g3v0931500.1(Lj5g3v0931500.1)
LANG: 
109336341
FVE: 
101296499
PPER: 
18769548
PMUM: 
103339235
MDM: 
103415055 103423291(GalLDH) 103454610
PXB: 
103933975 103940638
ZJU: 
107431670 107433785
CSV: 
101215955
CMO: 
103497260
RCU: 
8286649
JCU: 
105645077
POP: 
POPTR_0006s04170g(POPTRDRAFT_762038) POPTR_0016s03990g(POPTRDRAFT_1102986)
VVI: 
100233005
SLY: 
544206(gldh)
SPEN: 
107002402
SOT: 
102577860(GLDH)
INI: 
109182270
SIND: 
105159882
BVG: 
104889449
NNU: 
104608844
OSA: 
4349749(GLDH1) 4351464(GLDH2)
DOSA: 
Os11t0143500-01(Os11g0143500) Os12t0139600-01(Os12g0139600)
OBR: 
102701949 102720290 107305548
BDI: 
100840661
ZMA: 
100381436(cl277_1) 103636542
SITA: 
101756029 101769296
PDA: 
103720720
EGU: 
105045546
MUS: 
103988691
ATR: 
18433193
SMO: 
SELMODRAFT_105274 SELMODRAFT_98882
PPP: 
PHYPADRAFT_120832
CRE: 
CHLREDRAFT_168454(GLDH)
VCN: 
VOLCADRAFT_88191
OLU: 
OSTLU_1854
OTA: 
Ot04g02840
BPG: 
Bathy06g04900
MIS: 
MICPUN_58063
MPP: 
MICPUCDRAFT_57072
CSL: 
COCSUDRAFT_38144
CVR: 
CHLNCDRAFT_28225
APRO: 
F751_5711
CME: 
CYME_CMD093C
CCP: 
CHC_T00000692001
MBR: 
MONBRDRAFT_38173
SRE: 
PTSG_03222
SMIN: 
v1.2.008428.t1(symbB.v1.2.008428.t1)
PTI: 
PHATRDRAFT_23292
FCY: 
FRACYDRAFT_224930(GLDH) FRACYDRAFT_227121(GLDH)
TPS: 
THAPSDRAFT_268544
AAF: 
AURANDRAFT_70295
NGD: 
NGA_2082000
PIF: 
PITG_05465
PSOJ: 
PHYSODRAFT_485337
SPAR: 
SPRG_04571
EHX: 
EMIHUDRAFT_70809
GTT: 
GUITHDRAFT_122678
AG: 
CAB09796
 » show all
TaxonomyKoalaUniProt
Reference
PMID:9374475
  Authors
Ostergaard J, Persiau G, Davey MW, Bauw G, Van Montagu M
  Title
Isolation of a cDNA coding for L-galactono-gamma-lactone dehydrogenase, an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid in plants. Purification, characterization, cDNA cloning, and expression in yeast.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 272:30009-16 (1997)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.272.48.30009
  Sequence
LinkDB All DBs

KEGG   ENZYME: 1.3.2.3Help
Entry
EC 1.3.2.3                  Enzyme                                 

Name
L-galactonolactone dehydrogenase;
galactonolactone dehydrogenase;
L-galactono-gamma-lactone dehydrogenase;
L-galactono-gamma-lactone:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase;
GLDHase;
GLDase
Class
Oxidoreductases;
Acting on the CH-CH group of donors;
With a cytochrome as acceptor
BRITE hierarchy
Sysname
L-galactono-1,4-lactone:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase
Reaction(IUBMB)
L-galactono-1,4-lactone + 4 ferricytochrome c = L-dehydroascorbate + 4 ferrocytochrome c + 4 H+ (overall reaction) [RN:R00640];
(1a) L-galactono-1,4-lactone + 2 ferricytochrome c = L-ascorbate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+ [RN:R07679];
(1b) L-ascorbate + 2 ferricytochrome c = L-dehydroascorbate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+ (spontaneous)
Reaction(KEGG)
Substrate
L-galactono-1,4-lactone [CPD:C01115];
ferricytochrome c [CPD:C00125];
L-ascorbate [CPD:C00072]
Product
L-dehydroascorbate [CPD:C05422];
ferrocytochrome c [CPD:C00126];
H+ [CPD:C00080];
L-ascorbate [CPD:C00072]
Comment
This enzyme catalyses the final step in the biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid in higher plants and in nearly all higher animals with the exception of primates and some birds [5]. The enzyme is very specific for its substrate L-galactono-1,4-lactone as D-galactono-gamma-lactone, D-gulono-gamma-lactone, L-gulono-gamma-lactone, D-erythronic-gamma-lactone, D-xylonic-gamma-lactone, L-mannono-gamma-lactone, D-galactonate, D-glucuronate and D-gluconate are not substrates [5]. FAD, NAD+, NADP+ and O2 (cf. EC 1.3.3.12, L-galactonolactone oxidase) cannot act as electron acceptor [5].
History
EC 1.3.2.3 created 1961, modified 2006
Pathway
Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism
Metabolic pathways
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites
Orthology
K00225  
L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase
Genes
ATH: 
AT3G47930(GLDH)
ALY: 
CRB: 
EUS: 
BRP: 
103873188(GLDH)
BNA: 
THJ: 
CIT: 
CIC: 
TCC: 
GRA: 
105761589
GHI: 
107925893 107942591
EGR: 
104444330
GMX: 
100526948 100793515
PVU: 
PHAVU_007G247900g
VRA: 
106772555
VAR: 
108326445
CCAJ: 
109805599
MTR: 
MTR_0506s0040 MTR_1g050360
CAM: 
101498593
ADU: 
107474610
AIP: 
107625443
LJA: 
Lj0g3v0304529.1(Lj0g3v0304529.1) Lj5g3v0931500.1(Lj5g3v0931500.1)
LANG: 
109336341
FVE: 
101296499
PPER: 
18769548
PMUM: 
103339235
MDM: 
103415055 103423291(GalLDH) 103454610
PXB: 
103933975 103940638
ZJU: 
107431670 107433785
CSV: 
101215955
CMO: 
103497260
RCU: 
8286649
JCU: 
105645077
POP: 
POPTR_0006s04170g(POPTRDRAFT_762038) POPTR_0016s03990g(POPTRDRAFT_1102986)
VVI: 
100233005
SLY: 
544206(gldh)
SPEN: 
107002402
SOT: 
102577860(GLDH)
INI: 
109182270
SIND: 
105159882
BVG: 
104889449
NNU: 
104608844
OSA: 
4349749(GLDH1) 4351464(GLDH2)
DOSA: 
Os11t0143500-01(Os11g0143500) Os12t0139600-01(Os12g0139600)
OBR: 
102701949 102720290 107305548
BDI: 
100840661
ZMA: 
100381436(cl277_1) 103636542
SITA: 
101756029 101769296
PDA: 
103720720
EGU: 
105045546
MUS: 
103988691
ATR: 
18433193
SMO: 
SELMODRAFT_105274 SELMODRAFT_98882
PPP: 
PHYPADRAFT_120832
CRE: 
CHLREDRAFT_168454(GLDH)
VCN: 
VOLCADRAFT_88191
OLU: 
OSTLU_1854
OTA: 
Ot04g02840
BPG: 
Bathy06g04900
MIS: 
MICPUN_58063
MPP: 
MICPUCDRAFT_57072
CSL: 
COCSUDRAFT_38144
CVR: 
CHLNCDRAFT_28225
APRO: 
F751_5711
CME: 
CYME_CMD093C
CCP: 
CHC_T00000692001
MBR: 
MONBRDRAFT_38173
SRE: 
PTSG_03222
SMIN: 
v1.2.008428.t1(symbB.v1.2.008428.t1)
PTI: 
PHATRDRAFT_23292
FCY: 
FRACYDRAFT_224930(GLDH) FRACYDRAFT_227121(GLDH)
TPS: 
THAPSDRAFT_268544
AAF: 
AURANDRAFT_70295
NGD: 
NGA_2082000
PIF: 
PITG_05465
PSOJ: 
PHYSODRAFT_485337
SPAR: 
SPRG_04571
EHX: 
EMIHUDRAFT_70809
GTT: 
GUITHDRAFT_122678
 » show all
Taxonomy
Reference
1
  Authors
Mapson, L.W. and Breslow, E.
  Title
Properties of partially purified L-galactono-gamma-lactone dehydrogenase.
  Journal
Biochem. J. 65 (1957) 29.
Reference
2  [PMID:13126087]
  Authors
MAPSON LW, ISHERWOOD FA, CHEN YT.
  Title
Biological synthesis of L-ascorbic acid: the conversion of L-galactono-gamma-lactone into L-ascorbic acid by plant mitochondria.
  Journal
Biochem. J. 56 (1954) 21-8.
Reference
3  [PMID:13126085]
  Authors
ISHERWOOD FA, CHEN YT, MAPSON LW.
  Title
Synthesis of L-ascorbic acid in plants and animals.
  Journal
Biochem. J. 56 (1954) 1-15.
Reference
4  [PMID:7775377]
  Authors
Oba K, Ishikawa S, Nishikawa M, Mizuno H, Yamamoto T.
  Title
Purification and properties of L-galactono-gamma-lactone dehydrogenase, a key enzyme for ascorbic acid biosynthesis, from sweet potato roots.
  Journal
J. Biochem. (Tokyo). 117 (1995) 120-4.
Reference
5  [PMID:9374475]
  Authors
Ostergaard J, Persiau G, Davey MW, Bauw G, Van Montagu M.
  Title
Isolation of a cDNA coding for L-galactono-gamma-lactone dehydrogenase, an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid in plants. Purification, characterization, cDNA cloning, and expression in yeast.
  Journal
J. Biol. Chem. 272 (1997) 30009-16.
  Sequence
Other DBs
ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database: 
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature: 
ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database: 
BRENDA, the Enzyme Database: 
CAS: 
9029-02-1
LinkDB All DBs

KEGG   REACTION: R00640Help
Entry
R00640                      Reaction                               

Name
L-Galactono-1,4-lactone:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase
Definition
L-Galactono-1,4-lactone + 2 Ferricytochrome c <=> Ascorbate + 2 Ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
Equation
C01115 + 2 C00125 <=> C00072 + 2 C00126 + 2 C00080
Reaction class
C00125_C00126
C00072_C01115
Enzyme
Pathway
Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism
Metabolic pathways
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites
Module
M00114  
Ascorbate biosynthesis, plants, glucose-6P => ascorbate
Orthology
K00225  
L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase [EC:1.3.2.3]
LinkDB All DBs

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