KEGG   ORTHOLOGY: K10775Help
Entry
K10775                      KO                                     

Name
PAL
Definition
phenylalanine ammonia-lyase [EC:4.3.1.24]
Pathway
Phenylalanine metabolism
Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis
Module
M00039  
Monolignol biosynthesis, phenylalanine/tyrosine  => monolignol
M00137  
Flavanone biosynthesis, phenylalanine => naringenin
M00350  
Capsaicin biosynthesis, L-Phenylalanine => Capsaicin
Brite
KEGG Orthology (KO) [BR:ko00001]
 Metabolism
  Amino acid metabolism
   00360 Phenylalanine metabolism
    K10775  PAL; phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
  Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
   00940 Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis
    K10775  PAL; phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
KEGG modules [BR:ko00002]
 Pathway module
  Nucleotide and amino acid metabolism
   Aromatic amino acid metabolism
    M00350  Capsaicin biosynthesis, L-Phenylalanine => Capsaicin
     K10775  PAL; phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
  Secondary metabolism
   Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites
    M00039  Monolignol biosynthesis, phenylalanine / tyrosine  => monolignol
     K10775  PAL; phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
    M00137  Flavanone biosynthesis, phenylalanine => naringenin
     K10775  PAL; phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
Enzymes [BR:ko01000]
 4. Lyases
  4.3  Carbon-nitrogen lyases
   4.3.1  Ammonia-lyases
    4.3.1.24  phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
     K10775  PAL; phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
BRITE hierarchy
Other DBs
RN: 
GO: 
Genes
RSS: 
HRO: 
ATH: 
AT2G37040(PAL1) AT3G10340(PAL4) AT3G53260(PAL2) AT5G04230(PAL3)
ALY: 
CRB: 
EUS: 
BRP: 
BNA: 
THJ: 
CIT: 
CIC: 
CICLE_v10010874mg CICLE_v10011134mg CICLE_v10011175mg CICLE_v10027912mg CICLE_v10027913mg CICLE_v10029946mg CICLE_v10030821mg
TCC: 
18586419 18590901 18597973
GRA: 
105761806 105761807 105768043 105773643 105776733 105786418 105799777
GHI: 
107891138 107897711 107898808 107899351 107901087 107905303 107915817 107937172 107943415 107944640 107944963 107947805 107948312
EGR: 
104421642 104421783 104438154 104454225 104454226 104454227 104454228 104454229 104454954
GMX: 
100302735(PAL2) 100787872 100787902 100788438(PAL1) 100801470 100803857 100811101(pal1) 100818777
PVU: 
PHAVU_001G1777000 PHAVU_001G1777001 PHAVU_001G177800g PHAVU_007G096100g PHAVU_007G096300g PHAVU_007G150500g PHAVU_008G289500g
VRA: 
106755252 106764951 106772062 106772504 106778742
VAR: 
108322393 108322394 108323588 108324009 108324188 108324227 108326061 108337955
CCAJ: 
109793961 109796589 109799986 109810584 109814359
MTR: 
MTR_1g064090 MTR_1g094780 MTR_2g094960 MTR_5g098720 MTR_7g101395 MTR_7g101425
CAM: 
101493062 101496077 101507594 101509831(PAL2)
ADU: 
107461690 107467923 107476298 107493496 107496075
AIP: 
107608851 107617800 107626489 107648626
LJA: 
Lj0g3v0106179.1(Lj0g3v0106179.1) Lj0g3v0106189.1(Lj0g3v0106189.1) Lj0g3v0121549.1(Lj0g3v0121549.1) Lj0g3v0245929.1(Lj0g3v0245929.1) Lj0g3v0269169.1(Lj0g3v0269169.1) Lj0g3v0269199.1(Lj0g3v0269199.1) Lj0g3v0269209.1(Lj0g3v0269209.1) Lj0g3v0350889.1(Lj0g3v0350889.1) Lj1g3v4590760.1(Lj1g3v4590760.1) Lj1g3v4590760.2(Lj1g3v4590760.2) Lj1g3v4590760.3(Lj1g3v4590760.3) Lj1g3v4590770.1(Lj1g3v4590770.1) Lj1g3v4590840.1(Lj1g3v4590840.1) Lj1g3v4590850.1(Lj1g3v4590850.1) Lj1g3v4590850.2(Lj1g3v4590850.2) Lj2g3v3339740.1(Lj2g3v3339740.1) Lj3g3v0602620.1(Lj3g3v0602620.1) Lj3g3v0602630.1(Lj3g3v0602630.1) Lj3g3v0602630.2(Lj3g3v0602630.2) Lj3g3v0602650.1(Lj3g3v0602650.1) Lj5g3v0659760.1(Lj5g3v0659760.1) Lj5g3v1811400.1(Lj5g3v1811400.1)
LANG: 
109325320 109328047 109331561 109347601 109348378 109353417 109356181 109356621
FVE: 
101292546 101315259
PPER: 
18772065 18784865
PMUM: 
103332355 103342143
MDM: 
103419282 103423368 103430265 103433222 103450046
PXB: 
103934948 103956742 103962533
ZJU: 
107404213 107413687 107418573 107424108 107433056
CSV: 
101203846(PAL) 101204574 101205510 101206890 101217907 101218144 101218156 101218382 101218617 101218856 101219091 101222092 105434452
CMO: 
103491170 103491171 103491172 103491175 103491176 103491177 103492351 103494628 103494629 103494630 103496433 103501962(pal)
RCU: 
8264881 8272514 8272515 8273543 8284514(PAL)
JCU: 
105637929 105642230 105642233 105650921
POP: 
POPTR_0006s12870g POPTR_0008s03810g(POPTRDRAFT_820249) POPTR_0010s23100g(POPTRDRAFT_822571) POPTR_0010s23110g(POPTRDRAFT_228016) POPTR_0016s09230g(POPTRDRAFT_667815)
VVI: 
100233012(PAL7) 100240904 100241377(PAL2) 100241575(PAL1) 100245997(PAL) 100251137 100252889 100255939(PAL4) 100256293 100263160(PAL) 100266224 100266593 100853659(PAL) 100854997 100855356 104881994 109123362
SLY: 
101243631(PAL4) 101243656(PAL6) 101243922(PAL3) 101244220(PAL5) 101249824(PAL2) 101253989 101261892(PAL) 109118696
SPEN: 
107002228 107013137 107014419 107020424 107030967 107031255 107031390 107032649
SOT: 
102582618 102585026 102585357 102587888 102595248 102596017(PAL) 102596343 102596891 102597781 102605661 107057661
INI: 
109148785 109148795 109148804 109148811 109181625 109187876 109192698
SIND: 
105161317 105161378 105174307
BVG: 
104898673
NNU: 
104589393 104595050 104600622 104601277
OSA: 
4330036(P0042D01.4) 4330037(P0042D01.5) 4330040(OsJ_007359) 4336415 4338861
DOSA: 
Os02t0626400-01(Os02g0626400) Os02t0626600-00(Os02g0626600) Os02t0627100-01(Os02g0627100) Os04t0518400-01(Os04g0518400) Os05t0427400-00(Os05g0427400) Os12t0520200-01(Os12g0520200)
OBR: 
102709455 102715460 102717957 102718239
BDI: 
100829928 100840340 100841149 100841454 100843583 100844192 100845653
ATS: 
F775_06188 F775_06189 F775_06675 F775_13759 F775_13761 F775_13762 F775_15244 F775_15245 F775_15976 F775_26455 F775_26984 F775_28013 F775_28014 F775_28249 F775_28846 F775_28847 F775_31375
SBI: 
8066166 8066169 8066170
ZMA: 
100273579 100281042 100281532 100285115 100381820 100384215 103627433 103655990 109943525
SITA: 
101755481 101756700 101756980 101780720 101781123 101781518 101781925
PDA: 
103703950 103708643 103708669 103718264
EGU: 
105033424 105035781 105041875 105054501 105055673
MUS: 
103971627 103972164 103978140 103983874 103985827 103994974 103998043 104000863
ATR: 
18439368 18439369 18439372 18443160 18995827
SMO: 
SELMODRAFT_450474(PAL1-1) SELMODRAFT_450478(PAL1-2) SELMODRAFT_450479(PAL2-1) SELMODRAFT_450480(PAL3-1) SELMODRAFT_450481(PAL4-1) SELMODRAFT_450482(PAL2-2) SELMODRAFT_450483(PAL3-2a) SELMODRAFT_450484(PAL3-2b) SELMODRAFT_450485(PAL4-2)
PPP: 
PHYPADRAFT_113035 PHYPADRAFT_121522 PHYPADRAFT_123073 PHYPADRAFT_123116 PHYPADRAFT_154075 PHYPADRAFT_156018 PHYPADRAFT_176961 PHYPADRAFT_177179 PHYPADRAFT_178793 PHYPADRAFT_180561 PHYPADRAFT_181734 PHYPADRAFT_228135 PHYPADRAFT_27492 PHYPADRAFT_27596
NCR: 
NCU09391
NTE: 
NEUTE1DRAFT85424(NEUTE1DRAFT_85424)
SMP: 
SMAC_01196 SMAC_05651
PAN: 
PODANSg1143
TTT: 
THITE_2117925
MTM: 
MYCTH_2305964
CTHR: 
CTHT_0020200
MGR: 
MGG_10036
FGR: 
FGSG_09311
FPU: 
FPSE_09706
FVR: 
FVEG_03798 FVEG_10552
FOX: 
FOXG_05927 FOXG_11971
NHE: 
NECHADRAFT_76812
MAW: 
MAC_06002
MAJ: 
MAA_05249 MAA_09147
VAL: 
VDBG_06765 VDBG_08166
VDA: 
VDAG_05831 VDAG_10058
CFJ: 
CFIO01_05132 CFIO01_12530
ELA: 
UCREL1_5223 UCREL1_6869
PFY: 
PFICI_01582
BFU: 
BC1G_05296
PSCO: 
LY89DRAFT_585054
ANI: 
AN6075.2
AFM: 
AFUA_2G09110
AOR: 
AOR_1_1090114(AO090701000601) AOR_1_1318054(AO090011000788) AOR_1_1676014(AO090026000586) AOR_1_934174(AO090005000532)
ANG: 
ANI_1_1828184(An04g04370) ANI_1_2142074(An08g07740) ANI_1_738114(An13g02640)
AFV: 
AFLA_045900 AFLA_060700 AFLA_077850
ACT: 
ACLA_080920
NFI: 
NFIA_084640
PCS: 
Pc16g03670
URE: 
UREG_04219
PNO: 
SNOG_08528 SNOG_09914 SNOG_16362
PTE: 
PTT_11854
BZE: 
COCCADRAFT_10166
BCOM: 
BAUCODRAFT_361906
NPA: 
UCRNP2_2780 UCRNP2_716
TVS: 
TRAVEDRAFT_173713
DSQ: 
DICSQDRAFT_173631 DICSQDRAFT_52356 DICSQDRAFT_68588 DICSQDRAFT_92085
PCO: 
PHACADRAFT_130223 PHACADRAFT_213633 PHACADRAFT_213640 PHACADRAFT_213646 PHACADRAFT_259798 PHACADRAFT_59508
SHS: 
STEHIDRAFT_142351 STEHIDRAFT_160287 STEHIDRAFT_61084
HIR: 
HETIRDRAFT_423519 HETIRDRAFT_481650 HETIRDRAFT_66536
PSQ: 
PUNSTDRAFT_49445
ADL: 
AURDEDRAFT_113627 AURDEDRAFT_115168 AURDEDRAFT_117508 AURDEDRAFT_73911
FME: 
FOMMEDRAFT_101488
GTR: 
GLOTRDRAFT_42132
LBC: 
LACBIDRAFT_184628 LACBIDRAFT_291120
MRR: 
Moror_10348 Moror_6316
CCI: 
CC1G_06838 CC1G_14161
SCM: 
SCHCODRAFT_236080 SCHCODRAFT_78229
ABP: 
AGABI1DRAFT112726(AGABI1DRAFT_112726) AGABI1DRAFT112810(AGABI1DRAFT_112810)
ABV: 
AGABI2DRAFT192690(PAL2) AGABI2DRAFT192776(PAL1)
CPUT: 
CONPUDRAFT_125534
SLA: 
SERLADRAFT_416426(pal1) SERLADRAFT_418655 SERLADRAFT_447477
UMA: 
UMAG_00078
PFP: 
PFL1_00351
PGR: 
PGTG_10006 PGTG_12283
MLR: 
MELLADRAFT_38247 MELLADRAFT_44072 MELLADRAFT_49604
YEN: 
YE3021
YEP: 
YE105_C1215
YEY: 
Y11_19441
YEW: 
CH47_2390
YET: 
CH48_2792
YEF: 
FORC2_3006
YEE: 
YE5303_34601
PLU: 
plu2234
PAY: 
PAU_02187
PTT: 
VY86_19920
NCO: 
AAW31_07190
RXY: 
Rxyl_1739
GLP: 
Glo7428_1326
NPU: 
Npun_R2068
AVA: 
Ava_3988
RIV: 
Riv7116_3074
SCS: 
Sta7437_0219
PBS: 
Plabr_3153
AG: 
CAA57056(PAL2) CAA57057(PAL3) CAA68938(PAL1)
 » show all
TaxonomyKoalaUniProt
LinkDB All DBs

KEGG   ORTHOLOGY: K13064Help
Entry
K13064                      KO                                     

Name
PTAL
Definition
phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia-lyase [EC:4.3.1.25]
Pathway
Phenylalanine metabolism
Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis
Module
M00039  
Monolignol biosynthesis, phenylalanine/tyrosine  => monolignol
M00350  
Capsaicin biosynthesis, L-Phenylalanine => Capsaicin
Brite
KEGG Orthology (KO) [BR:ko00001]
 Metabolism
  Amino acid metabolism
   00360 Phenylalanine metabolism
    K13064  PTAL; phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia-lyase
  Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
   00940 Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis
    K13064  PTAL; phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia-lyase
KEGG modules [BR:ko00002]
 Pathway module
  Nucleotide and amino acid metabolism
   Aromatic amino acid metabolism
    M00350  Capsaicin biosynthesis, L-Phenylalanine => Capsaicin
     K13064  PTAL; phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia-lyase
  Secondary metabolism
   Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites
    M00039  Monolignol biosynthesis, phenylalanine / tyrosine  => monolignol
     K13064  PTAL; phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia-lyase
Enzymes [BR:ko01000]
 4. Lyases
  4.3  Carbon-nitrogen lyases
   4.3.1  Ammonia-lyases
    4.3.1.25  phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia-lyase
     K13064  PTAL; phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia-lyase
BRITE hierarchy
Other DBs
Genes
OSA: 
4330034(P0042D01.1)
DOSA: 
Os02t0626100-01(Os02g0626100) Os04t0518100-01(Os04g0518100)
BDI: 
SBI: 
ZMA: 
542258(pal3)
SITA: 
TaxonomyKoalaUniProt
Reference
PMID:9008393
  Authors
Rosler J, Krekel F, Amrhein N, Schmid J
  Title
Maize phenylalanine ammonia-lyase has tyrosine ammonia-lyase activity.
  Journal
Plant Physiol 113:175-9 (1997)
DOI:10.1104/pp.113.1.175
  Sequence
[zma:542258]
LinkDB All DBs

KEGG   ENZYME: 4.3.1.24Help
Entry
EC 4.3.1.24                 Enzyme                                 

Name
phenylalanine ammonia-lyase;
phenylalanine deaminase;
phenylalanine ammonium-lyase;
PAL;
L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase;
Phe ammonia-lyase
Class
Lyases;
Carbon-nitrogen lyases;
Ammonia-lyases
BRITE hierarchy
Sysname
L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (trans-cinnamate-forming)
Reaction(IUBMB)
L-phenylalanine = trans-cinnamate + NH3 [RN:R00697]
Reaction(KEGG)
R00697;
(other) R06132
Show
Substrate
L-phenylalanine [CPD:C00079]
Product
trans-cinnamate [CPD:C00423];
NH3 [CPD:C00014]
Comment
This enzyme is a member of the aromatic amino acid lyase family, other members of which are EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) and EC 4.3.1.23 (tyrosine ammonia-lyase) and EC 4.3.1.25 (phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia-lyase). The enzyme contains the cofactor 3,5-dihydro-5-methylidene-4H-imidazol-4-one (MIO), which is common to this family [3]. This unique cofactor is formed autocatalytically by cyclization and dehydration of the three amino-acid residues alanine, serine and glycine [9]. The enzyme from some species is highly specific for phenylalanine [7,8].
History
EC 4.3.1.24 created 2008 (EC 4.3.1.5 created 1965, part-incorporated 2008)
Pathway
Phenylalanine metabolism
Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis
Metabolic pathways
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites
Orthology
K10775  
phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
Genes
RSS: 
HRO: 
ATH: 
AT2G37040(PAL1) AT3G10340(PAL4) AT3G53260(PAL2) AT5G04230(PAL3)
ALY: 
CRB: 
EUS: 
BRP: 
BNA: 
THJ: 
CIT: 
CIC: 
CICLE_v10010874mg CICLE_v10011134mg CICLE_v10011175mg CICLE_v10027912mg CICLE_v10027913mg CICLE_v10029946mg CICLE_v10030821mg
TCC: 
18586419 18590901 18597973
GRA: 
105761806 105761807 105768043 105773643 105776733 105786418 105799777
GHI: 
107891138 107897711 107898808 107899351 107901087 107905303 107915817 107937172 107943415 107944640 107944963 107947805 107948312
EGR: 
104421642 104421783 104438154 104454225 104454226 104454227 104454228 104454229 104454954
GMX: 
100302735(PAL2) 100787872 100787902 100788438(PAL1) 100801470 100803857 100811101(pal1) 100818777
PVU: 
PHAVU_001G1777000 PHAVU_001G1777001 PHAVU_001G177800g PHAVU_007G096100g PHAVU_007G096300g PHAVU_007G150500g PHAVU_008G289500g
VRA: 
106755252 106764951 106772062 106772504 106778742
VAR: 
108322393 108322394 108323588 108324009 108324188 108324227 108326061 108337955
CCAJ: 
109793961 109796589 109799986 109810584 109814359
MTR: 
MTR_1g064090 MTR_1g094780 MTR_2g094960 MTR_5g098720 MTR_7g101395 MTR_7g101425
CAM: 
101493062 101496077 101507594 101509831(PAL2)
ADU: 
107461690 107467923 107476298 107493496 107496075
AIP: 
107608851 107617800 107626489 107648626
LJA: 
Lj0g3v0106179.1(Lj0g3v0106179.1) Lj0g3v0106189.1(Lj0g3v0106189.1) Lj0g3v0121549.1(Lj0g3v0121549.1) Lj0g3v0245929.1(Lj0g3v0245929.1) Lj0g3v0269169.1(Lj0g3v0269169.1) Lj0g3v0269199.1(Lj0g3v0269199.1) Lj0g3v0269209.1(Lj0g3v0269209.1) Lj0g3v0350889.1(Lj0g3v0350889.1) Lj1g3v4590760.1(Lj1g3v4590760.1) Lj1g3v4590760.2(Lj1g3v4590760.2) Lj1g3v4590760.3(Lj1g3v4590760.3) Lj1g3v4590770.1(Lj1g3v4590770.1) Lj1g3v4590840.1(Lj1g3v4590840.1) Lj1g3v4590850.1(Lj1g3v4590850.1) Lj1g3v4590850.2(Lj1g3v4590850.2) Lj2g3v3339740.1(Lj2g3v3339740.1) Lj3g3v0602620.1(Lj3g3v0602620.1) Lj3g3v0602630.1(Lj3g3v0602630.1) Lj3g3v0602630.2(Lj3g3v0602630.2) Lj3g3v0602650.1(Lj3g3v0602650.1) Lj5g3v0659760.1(Lj5g3v0659760.1) Lj5g3v1811400.1(Lj5g3v1811400.1)
LANG: 
109325320 109328047 109331561 109347601 109348378 109353417 109356181 109356621
FVE: 
101292546 101315259
PPER: 
18772065 18784865
PMUM: 
103332355 103342143
MDM: 
103419282 103423368 103430265 103433222 103450046
PXB: 
103934948 103956742 103962533
ZJU: 
107404213 107413687 107418573 107424108 107433056
CSV: 
101203846(PAL) 101204574 101205510 101206890 101217907 101218144 101218156 101218382 101218617 101218856 101219091 101222092 105434452
CMO: 
103491170 103491171 103491172 103491175 103491176 103491177 103492351 103494628 103494629 103494630 103496433 103501962(pal)
RCU: 
8264881 8272514 8272515 8273543 8284514(PAL)
JCU: 
105637929 105642230 105642233 105650921
POP: 
POPTR_0006s12870g POPTR_0008s03810g(POPTRDRAFT_820249) POPTR_0010s23100g(POPTRDRAFT_822571) POPTR_0010s23110g(POPTRDRAFT_228016) POPTR_0016s09230g(POPTRDRAFT_667815)
VVI: 
100233012(PAL7) 100240904 100241377(PAL2) 100241575(PAL1) 100245997(PAL) 100251137 100252889 100255939(PAL4) 100256293 100263160(PAL) 100266224 100266593 100853659(PAL) 100854997 100855356 104881994 109123362
SLY: 
101243631(PAL4) 101243656(PAL6) 101243922(PAL3) 101244220(PAL5) 101249824(PAL2) 101253989 101261892(PAL) 109118696
SPEN: 
107002228 107013137 107014419 107020424 107030967 107031255 107031390 107032649
SOT: 
102582618 102585026 102585357 102587888 102595248 102596017(PAL) 102596343 102596891 102597781 102605661 107057661
INI: 
109148785 109148795 109148804 109148811 109181625 109187876 109192698
SIND: 
105161317 105161378 105174307
BVG: 
104898673
NNU: 
104589393 104595050 104600622 104601277
OSA: 
4330036(P0042D01.4) 4330037(P0042D01.5) 4330040(OsJ_007359) 4336415 4338861
DOSA: 
Os02t0626400-01(Os02g0626400) Os02t0626600-00(Os02g0626600) Os02t0627100-01(Os02g0627100) Os04t0518400-01(Os04g0518400) Os05t0427400-00(Os05g0427400) Os12t0520200-01(Os12g0520200)
OBR: 
102709455 102715460 102717957 102718239
BDI: 
100829928 100840340 100841149 100841454 100843583 100844192 100845653
ATS: 
F775_06188 F775_06189 F775_06675 F775_13759 F775_13761 F775_13762 F775_15244 F775_15245 F775_15976 F775_26455 F775_26984 F775_28013 F775_28014 F775_28249 F775_28846 F775_28847 F775_31375
SBI: 
8066166 8066169 8066170
ZMA: 
100273579 100281042 100281532 100285115 100381820 100384215 103627433 103655990 109943525
SITA: 
101755481 101756700 101756980 101780720 101781123 101781518 101781925
PDA: 
103703950 103708643 103708669 103718264
EGU: 
105033424 105035781 105041875 105054501 105055673
MUS: 
103971627 103972164 103978140 103983874 103985827 103994974 103998043 104000863
ATR: 
18439368 18439369 18439372 18443160 18995827
SMO: 
SELMODRAFT_450474(PAL1-1) SELMODRAFT_450478(PAL1-2) SELMODRAFT_450479(PAL2-1) SELMODRAFT_450480(PAL3-1) SELMODRAFT_450481(PAL4-1) SELMODRAFT_450482(PAL2-2) SELMODRAFT_450483(PAL3-2a) SELMODRAFT_450484(PAL3-2b) SELMODRAFT_450485(PAL4-2)
PPP: 
PHYPADRAFT_113035 PHYPADRAFT_121522 PHYPADRAFT_123073 PHYPADRAFT_123116 PHYPADRAFT_154075 PHYPADRAFT_156018 PHYPADRAFT_176961 PHYPADRAFT_177179 PHYPADRAFT_178793 PHYPADRAFT_180561 PHYPADRAFT_181734 PHYPADRAFT_228135 PHYPADRAFT_27492 PHYPADRAFT_27596
NCR: 
NCU09391
NTE: 
NEUTE1DRAFT85424(NEUTE1DRAFT_85424)
SMP: 
SMAC_01196 SMAC_05651
PAN: 
PODANSg1143
TTT: 
THITE_2117925
MTM: 
MYCTH_2305964
CTHR: 
CTHT_0020200
MGR: 
MGG_10036
FGR: 
FGSG_09311
FPU: 
FPSE_09706
FVR: 
FVEG_03798 FVEG_10552
FOX: 
FOXG_05927 FOXG_11971
NHE: 
NECHADRAFT_76812
MAW: 
MAC_06002
MAJ: 
MAA_05249 MAA_09147
VAL: 
VDBG_06765 VDBG_08166
VDA: 
VDAG_05831 VDAG_10058
CFJ: 
CFIO01_05132 CFIO01_12530
ELA: 
UCREL1_5223 UCREL1_6869
PFY: 
PFICI_01582
BFU: 
BC1G_05296
PSCO: 
LY89DRAFT_585054
ANI: 
AN6075.2
AFM: 
AFUA_2G09110
AOR: 
AOR_1_1090114(AO090701000601) AOR_1_1318054(AO090011000788) AOR_1_1676014(AO090026000586) AOR_1_934174(AO090005000532)
ANG: 
ANI_1_1828184(An04g04370) ANI_1_2142074(An08g07740) ANI_1_738114(An13g02640)
AFV: 
AFLA_045900 AFLA_060700 AFLA_077850
ACT: 
ACLA_080920
NFI: 
NFIA_084640
PCS: 
Pc16g03670
URE: 
UREG_04219
PNO: 
SNOG_08528 SNOG_09914 SNOG_16362
PTE: 
PTT_11854
BZE: 
COCCADRAFT_10166
BCOM: 
BAUCODRAFT_361906
NPA: 
UCRNP2_2780 UCRNP2_716
TVS: 
TRAVEDRAFT_173713
DSQ: 
DICSQDRAFT_173631 DICSQDRAFT_52356 DICSQDRAFT_68588 DICSQDRAFT_92085
PCO: 
PHACADRAFT_130223 PHACADRAFT_213633 PHACADRAFT_213640 PHACADRAFT_213646 PHACADRAFT_259798 PHACADRAFT_59508
SHS: 
STEHIDRAFT_142351 STEHIDRAFT_160287 STEHIDRAFT_61084
HIR: 
HETIRDRAFT_423519 HETIRDRAFT_481650 HETIRDRAFT_66536
PSQ: 
PUNSTDRAFT_49445
ADL: 
AURDEDRAFT_113627 AURDEDRAFT_115168 AURDEDRAFT_117508 AURDEDRAFT_73911
FME: 
FOMMEDRAFT_101488
GTR: 
GLOTRDRAFT_42132
LBC: 
LACBIDRAFT_184628 LACBIDRAFT_291120
MRR: 
Moror_10348 Moror_6316
CCI: 
CC1G_06838 CC1G_14161
SCM: 
SCHCODRAFT_236080 SCHCODRAFT_78229
ABP: 
AGABI1DRAFT112726(AGABI1DRAFT_112726) AGABI1DRAFT112810(AGABI1DRAFT_112810)
ABV: 
AGABI2DRAFT192690(PAL2) AGABI2DRAFT192776(PAL1)
CPUT: 
CONPUDRAFT_125534
SLA: 
SERLADRAFT_416426(pal1) SERLADRAFT_418655 SERLADRAFT_447477
UMA: 
UMAG_00078
PFP: 
PFL1_00351
PGR: 
PGTG_10006 PGTG_12283
MLR: 
MELLADRAFT_38247 MELLADRAFT_44072 MELLADRAFT_49604
YEN: 
YE3021
YEP: 
YE105_C1215
YEY: 
Y11_19441
YEW: 
CH47_2390
YET: 
CH48_2792
YEF: 
FORC2_3006
YEE: 
YE5303_34601
PLU: 
plu2234
PAY: 
PAU_02187
PTT: 
VY86_19920
NCO: 
AAW31_07190
RXY: 
Rxyl_1739
GLP: 
Glo7428_1326
NPU: 
Npun_R2068
AVA: 
Ava_3988
RIV: 
Riv7116_3074
SCS: 
Sta7437_0219
PBS: 
Plabr_3153
 » show all
Taxonomy
Reference
1  [PMID:14458851]
  Authors
KOUKOL J, CONN EE.
  Title
The metabolism of aromatic compounds in higher plans. IV. Purification and properties of the phenylalanine deaminase of Hordeum vulgare.
  Journal
J. Biol. Chem. 236 (1961) 2692-8.
Reference
2
  Authors
Young, M.R. and Neish, A.C.
  Title
Properties of the ammonia-lyases deaminating phenylalanine and related compounds in Triticum sestivum and Pteridium aquilinum.
  Journal
Phytochemistry 5 (1966) 1121-1132.
Reference
3  [PMID:17185228]
  Authors
Louie GV, Bowman ME, Moffitt MC, Baiga TJ, Moore BS, Noel JP.
  Title
Structural determinants and modulation of substrate specificity in phenylalanine-tyrosine ammonia-lyases.
  Journal
Chem. Biol. 13 (2006) 1327-38.
Reference
4  [PMID:15350127]
  Authors
Calabrese JC, Jordan DB, Boodhoo A, Sariaslani S, Vannelli T.
  Title
Crystal structure of phenylalanine ammonia lyase: multiple helix dipoles implicated in catalysis.
  Journal
Biochemistry. 43 (2004) 11403-16.
Reference
5  [PMID:15548745]
  Authors
Ritter H, Schulz GE.
  Title
Structural basis for the entrance into the phenylpropanoid metabolism catalyzed by phenylalanine ammonia-lyase.
  Journal
Plant. Cell. 16 (2004) 3426-36.
  Sequence
Reference
6  [PMID:17185227]
  Authors
Watts KT, Mijts BN, Lee PC, Manning AJ, Schmidt-Dannert C.
  Title
Discovery of a substrate selectivity switch in tyrosine ammonia-lyase, a member of the aromatic amino acid lyase family.
  Journal
Chem. Biol. 13 (2006) 1317-26.
  Sequence
Reference
7  [PMID:7925471]
  Authors
Appert C, Logemann E, Hahlbrock K, Schmid J, Amrhein N.
  Title
Structural and catalytic properties of the four phenylalanine ammonia-lyase isoenzymes from parsley (Petroselinum crispum Nym.).
  Journal
Eur. J. Biochem. 225 (1994) 491-9.
  Sequence
Reference
8  [PMID:15276452]
  Authors
Cochrane FC, Davin LB, Lewis NG.
  Title
The Arabidopsis phenylalanine ammonia lyase gene family: kinetic characterization of the four PAL isoforms.
  Journal
Phytochemistry. 65 (2004) 1557-64.
  Sequence
Reference
9  [PMID:10220322]
  Authors
Schwede TF, Retey J, Schulz GE.
  Title
Crystal structure of histidine ammonia-lyase revealing a novel polypeptide modification as the catalytic electrophile.
  Journal
Biochemistry. 38 (1999) 5355-61.
Other DBs
ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database: 
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature: 
ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database: 
BRENDA, the Enzyme Database: 
CAS: 
9024-28-6
LinkDB All DBs

KEGG   ENZYME: 4.3.1.25Help
Entry
EC 4.3.1.25                 Enzyme                                 

Name
phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia-lyase;
PTAL;
bifunctional PAL
Class
Lyases;
Carbon-nitrogen lyases;
Ammonia-lyases
BRITE hierarchy
Sysname
L-phenylalanine(or L-tyrosine):trans-cinnamate(or trans-p-hydroxycinnamate) ammonia-lyase
Reaction(IUBMB)
(1) L-phenylalanine = trans-cinnamate + NH3 [RN:R00697];
(2) L-tyrosine = trans-p-hydroxycinnamate + NH3 [RN:R00737]
Reaction(KEGG)
R00697 R00737;
(other) R06132
Show
Substrate
L-phenylalanine [CPD:C00079];
L-tyrosine [CPD:C00082]
Product
trans-cinnamate [CPD:C00423];
NH3 [CPD:C00014];
trans-p-hydroxycinnamate [CPD:C00811]
Comment
This enzyme is a member of the aromatic amino acid lyase family, other members of which are EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase), EC 4.3.1.23 (tyrosine ammonia-lyase) and EC 4.3.1.24 (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase). The enzyme from some monocots, including maize, and from the yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides, deaminate L-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine with similar catalytic efficiency [3]. The enzyme contains the cofactor 3,5-dihydro-5-methylidene-4H-imidazol-4-one (MIO), which is common to this family [3]. This unique cofactor is formed autocatalytically by cyclization and dehydration of the three amino-acid residues alanine, serine and glycine [4].
History
EC 4.3.1.25 created 2008 (EC 4.3.1.5 created 1965, part-incorporated 2008)
Pathway
Phenylalanine metabolism
Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis
Metabolic pathways
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites
Orthology
K13064  
phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia-lyase
Genes
OSA: 
4330034(P0042D01.1)
DOSA: 
Os02t0626100-01(Os02g0626100) Os04t0518100-01(Os04g0518100)
BDI: 
SBI: 
ZMA: 
542258(pal3)
SITA: 
Taxonomy
Reference
1  [PMID:9008393]
  Authors
Rosler J, Krekel F, Amrhein N, Schmid J.
  Title
Maize phenylalanine ammonia-lyase has tyrosine ammonia-lyase activity.
  Journal
Plant. Physiol. 113 (1997) 175-9.
  Sequence
[zma:542258]
Reference
2  [PMID:17185227]
  Authors
Watts KT, Mijts BN, Lee PC, Manning AJ, Schmidt-Dannert C.
  Title
Discovery of a substrate selectivity switch in tyrosine ammonia-lyase, a member of the aromatic amino acid lyase family.
  Journal
Chem. Biol. 13 (2006) 1317-26.
Reference
3  [PMID:17185228]
  Authors
Louie GV, Bowman ME, Moffitt MC, Baiga TJ, Moore BS, Noel JP.
  Title
Structural determinants and modulation of substrate specificity in phenylalanine-tyrosine ammonia-lyases.
  Journal
Chem. Biol. 13 (2006) 1327-38.
Reference
4  [PMID:10220322]
  Authors
Schwede TF, Retey J, Schulz GE.
  Title
Crystal structure of histidine ammonia-lyase revealing a novel polypeptide modification as the catalytic electrophile.
  Journal
Biochemistry. 38 (1999) 5355-61.
Other DBs
ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database: 
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature: 
ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database: 
BRENDA, the Enzyme Database: 
LinkDB All DBs

KEGG   REACTION: R00697Help
Entry
R00697                      Reaction                               

Name
L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (trans-cinnamate-forming)
Definition
L-Phenylalanine <=> trans-Cinnamate + Ammonia
Equation
Reaction class
C00079_C00423
Enzyme
4.3.1.24        4.3.1.25
Pathway
Phenylalanine metabolism
Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis
Metabolic pathways
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites
Module
M00039  
Monolignol biosynthesis, phenylalanine/tyrosine  => monolignol
M00137  
Flavanone biosynthesis, phenylalanine => naringenin
M00350  
Capsaicin biosynthesis, L-Phenylalanine => Capsaicin
Orthology
K10775  
phenylalanine ammonia-lyase [EC:4.3.1.24]
K13064  
phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia-lyase [EC:4.3.1.25]
LinkDB All DBs

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