Gastric cancer

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the world's most common cancers. According to Lauren's histological classification gastric cancer is divided into two distinct histological groups - the intestinal and diffuse types. Several genetic changes have been identified in intestinal-type GC. The intestinal metaplasia is characterized by mutations in p53 gene, reduced expression of retinoic acid receptor beta (RAR-beta) and hTERT expression. Gastric adenomas furthermore display mutations in the APC gene, reduced p27 expression and cyclin E amplification. In addition, amplification and overexpression of c-ErbB2, reduced TGF-beta receptor type I (TGFBRI) expression and complete loss of p27 expression are commonly observed in more advanced GC. The main molecular changes observed in diffuse-type GCs include loss of E-cadherin function by mutations in CDH1and amplification of MET and FGFR2F.

Cancer

nt06261  Gastric cancer

CDX2 (overexpression) [HSA:1045] [KO:K22234]
p53 (mutation) [HSA:7157] [KO:K04451]
RARB (reduced expression) [HSA:5915] [KO:K08528]
APC (mutation) [HSA:324] [KO:K02085]
CTNNB1 (mutation) [HSA:1499] [KO:K02105]
TERT (overexpression) [HSA:7015] [KO:K11126]
ERBB2 (amplification) [HSA:2064] [KO:K05083]
KRAS (mutation) [HSA:3845] [KO:K07827]
NRAS (mutation) [HSA:4893] [KO:K07828]
MLH1 (methylation) [HSA:4292] [KO:K08734]
CDKN1B (reduced expression) [HSA:1027] [KO:K06624]
CCNE1 (amplification) [HSA:898] [KO:K06626]
TGFBR1 (reduced expression) [HSA:7046] [KO:K04674]
CDH1 (mutation) [HSA:999] [KO:K05689]
MET (amplification) [HSA:4233] [KO:K05099]
FGFR2 (amplification) [HSA:2263] [KO:K05093]

Benzo[a]pyrene [CPD:C07535]

Helicobacter pylori (infection with)

Floxuridine [DR:D04197]
Trifluridine and tipiracil hydrochloride [DR:D10526]
Docetaxel [DR:D07866]
Docetaxel [DR:D02165]
Doxorubicin hydrochloride [DR:D01275]
Mitomycin [DR:D00208]
Trastuzumab [DR:D03257] (HER2 overexpressing)
Pembrolizumab [DR:D10574] (PD-L1 expressed)
Ramucirumab [DR:D09371]

ICD-O: 8140/3, Tumor type: Adenocarcinoma
ICD-O: 8144/3, Tumor type: intestinal type
ICD-O: 8145/3, Tumor type: diffuse type

PMID:11315254 (gene, tumor type)

Werner M, Becker KF, Keller G, Hofler H.

Gastric adenocarcinoma: pathomorphology and molecular pathology.

J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 127:207-16 (2001)
DOI:10.1007/s004320000195

PMID:15224192 (gene, tumor type)

Zheng L, Wang L, Ajani J, Xie K.

Molecular basis of gastric cancer development and progression.

Gastric Cancer 7:61-77 (2004)
DOI:10.1007/s10120-004-0277-4

PMID:26073375

Tan P, Yeoh KG

Genetics and Molecular Pathogenesis of Gastric Adenocarcinoma.

Gastroenterology 149:1153-1162.e3 (2015)
DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2015.05.059

PMID:26267324

Riquelme I, Saavedra K, Espinoza JA, Weber H, Garcia P, Nervi B, Garrido M, Corvalan AH, Roa JC, Bizama C

Molecular classification of gastric cancer: Towards a pathway-driven targeted therapy.

Oncotarget 6:24750-79 (2015)
DOI:10.18632/oncotarget.4990

PMID:16154715

Stock M, Otto F

Gene deregulation in gastric cancer.

Gene 360:1-19 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.gene.2005.06.026

PMID:18381231

Panani AD

Cytogenetic and molecular aspects of gastric cancer: clinical implications.

Cancer Lett 266:99-115 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.canlet.2008.02.053

PMID:16997151

Vauhkonen M, Vauhkonen H, Sipponen P

Pathology and molecular biology of gastric cancer.

Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 20:651-74 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.bpg.2006.03.016

PMID:15760280 (carcinogen)

Schottenfeld D, Beebe-Dimmer JL.

Advances in cancer epidemiology: understanding causal mechanisms and the evidence for implementing interventions.

Annu Rev Public Health 26:37-60 (2005)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144402

PMID:15660110 (carcinogen)

Luch A.

Nature and nurture - lessons from chemical carcinogenesis.

Nat Rev Cancer 5:113-25 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrc1546