Entry |
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Name |
Asthma |
Description |
Asthma is a complex syndrome with many clinical phenotypes in both adults and children. Its major characteristics include a variable degree of airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and airway inflammation. Inhaled allergens encounter antigen presenting cells (APC) that line the airway. Upon recognition of the antigen and activation by APC, naive T cells differentiate into TH2 cells. Activated TH2 stimulate the formation of IgE by B cells. IgE molecules bind to IgE receptors located on mast cells. The crosslinking of mast-cell-bound IgE by allergens leads to the release of biologically active mediators (histamine, leukotrienes) by means of degranulation and, so, to the immediate symptoms of allergy. Mast cells also release chemotactic factors that contribute to the recruitment of inflammatory cells, particularly eosinophils, whose proliferation and differentiation from bone marrow progenitors is promoted by IL-5. The activation of eosinophils leads to release of toxic granules and oxygen free radicals that lead to tissue damage and promote the development of chronic inflammation.
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Category |
Immune system disease
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Brite |
Human diseases [BR:br08402]
Immune system diseases
Allergies and autoimmune diseases
H00079 Asthma
Human diseases in ICD-11 classification [BR:br08403]
12 Diseases of the respiratory system
Certain lower respiratory tract diseases
CA23 Asthma
H00079 Asthma
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Pathway |
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Gene |
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Env factor |
Particulate matter
Diesel exhaust
NO2 (nitrogen dioxide)
Passive smoking/environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)
Ozone
Sulfur dioxide [CPD: C09306]
|
Drug |
Triamcinolone acetonide [DR: D00983]
Dexamethasone [DR: D00292]
Dexamethasone sodium phosphate [DR: D00975]
Hydrocortisone [DR: D00088]
Hydrocortisone sodium succinate [DR: D00978]
Prednisolone [DR: D00472]
Prednisolone sodium phosphate [DR: D00981]
Prednisone [DR: D00473]
Budesonide [DR: D00246]
Beclomethasone dipropionate [DR: D00689]
Methylprednisolone [DR: D00407]
Methylprednisolone sodium succinate [DR: D00751]
Methylprednisolone acetate [DR: D00979]
Mometasone furoate [DR: D00690]
Fluticasone propionate [DR: D01708]
Fluticasone furoate [DR: D06315]
Dupilumab [DR: D10354]
Cortisone acetate [DR: D00973]
Flunisolide [DR: D00324]
Ciclesonide [DR: D01703]
Salmeterol xinafoate and fluticasone propionate [DR: D08699]
Metaproterenol sulfate [DR: D00685]
Terbutaline sulfate [DR: D00688]
Salmeterol xinafoate [DR: D00687]
Formoterol fumarate [DR: D01373]
Budesonide and formoterol fumarate dihydrate [DR: D09595]
Mometasone furoate and formoterol fumarate [DR: D10295]
Fluticasone furoate and vilanterol trifenatate [DR: D10501]
Tiotropium bromide hydrate [DR: D01929]
Theophylline [DR: D00371]
Aminophylline hydrate [DR: D05429]
Aminophylline dihydrate [DR: D11630]
Theophylline and dextrose [DR: D10297]
Zafirlukast [DR: D00411]
Montelukast sodium [DR: D00529]
Omalizumab [DR: D05251]
Reslizumab [DR: D08985]
Mepolizumab [DR: D04923]
Benralizumab [DR: D09874]
Zileuton [DR: D00414]
|
Comment |
Allergen:
Furred pet (cat, dog)
Dust mite
Cockroach
Rodent (rat, mouse)
Mold
Pollen (tree, grass, weed)
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Other DBs |
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Reference |
|
Authors |
Warrier MR, Hershey GK. |
Title |
Asthma genetics: personalizing medicine. |
Journal |
|
Reference |
|
Authors |
Busse WW, Lemanske RF Jr. |
Title |
Asthma. |
Journal |
|
Reference |
|
Authors |
Vercelli D. |
Title |
Discovering susceptibility genes for asthma and allergy. |
Journal |
|
Reference |
|
Authors |
Ober C, Hoffjan S. |
Title |
Asthma genetics 2006: the long and winding road to gene discovery. |
Journal |
|
Reference |
|
Authors |
Castro-Giner F, Kauffmann F, de Cid R, Kogevinas M. |
Title |
Gene-environment interactions in asthma. |
Journal |
|
Reference |
|
Authors |
Diette GB, McCormack MC, Hansel NN, Breysse PN, Matsui EC. |
Title |
Environmental issues in managing asthma. |
Journal |
Respir Care 53:602-15; discussion 616-7 (2008) |
Reference |
|
Authors |
D'Amato G, Liccardi G, D'Amato M, Holgate S. |
Title |
Environmental risk factors and allergic bronchial asthma. |
Journal |
|
Reference |
|
Authors |
Kharitonov SA, Barnes PJ. |
Title |
Exhaled biomarkers. |
Journal |
|
Reference |
|
Authors |
Jatakanon A, Lim S, Kharitonov SA, Chung KF, Barnes PJ. |
Title |
Correlation between exhaled nitric oxide, sputum eosinophils, and methacholine responsiveness in patients with mild asthma. |
Journal |
|
Reference |
|
Authors |
Kharitonov SA, Barnes PJ. |
Title |
Biomarkers of some pulmonary diseases in exhaled breath. |
Journal |
|
Reference |
(drug) |
Authors |
Papadakis MA and McPhee SJ |(ed) |
Title |
Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2015, Fifty-Fourth Edition |
Journal |
McGraw Hill Education |
Reference |
|
Authors |
Zeldin DC, Eggleston P, Chapman M, Piedimonte G, Renz H, Peden D. |
Title |
How exposures to biologics influence the induction and incidence of asthma. |
Journal |
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LinkDB |
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