Atopic dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a relapsing chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by eczematous skin lesions and intense pruritus. A genetic defect in the filaggrin (FLG) protein and/or environmental factors are thought to cause AD by disrupting the epidermis. This disruption, in turn, results in contact between immune cells in the dermis and antigens from the external environment leading to intense itching, scratching, and inflammation. Apart from FLG, recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified many susceptibility loci of atopic dermatitis with genome-wide significance.

Immune system disease

FLG (mutation) [HSA:2312] [KO:K10384]
IL4 (polymorphism) [HSA:3656] [KO:K04731]
IL4RA (polymorphism) [HSA:3566] [KO:K05071]
SPINK5 (polymorphism) [HSA:11005] [KO:K23420]
IL13 (polymorphism) [HSA:3596] [KO:K05435]
RANTES (polymorphism) [HSA:6352] [KO:K12499]
NOD1 (polymorphism) [HSA:10392] [KO:K08727]
CARD15 (polymorphism) [HSA:64127] [KO:K10165]
TLR-2 (polymorphism) [HSA:7097] [KO:K10159]
TLR-9 (polymorphism) [HSA:54106] [KO:K10161]
COL29A1 (polymorphism) [HSA:256076] [KO:K06238]

Soap
Detergent
Proteases from house dust mites
Topical corticosteroids

Staphylococcus aureus
Malassezia sympodialis [GN:msym]

Triamcinolone acetonide [DR:D00983]
Dexamethasone [DR:D00292]
Dexamethasone sodium phosphate [DR:D00975]
Hydrocortisone [DR:D00088]
Hydrocortisone sodium succinate [DR:D00978]
Hydrocortisone butyrate [DR:D01619]
Prednisolone [DR:D00472]
Prednisolone sodium phosphate [DR:D00981]
Prednisone [DR:D00473]
Doxepin hydrochloride [DR:D00814]
Methylprednisolone [DR:D00407]
Methylprednisolone sodium succinate [DR:D00751]
Methylprednisolone acetate [DR:D00979]
Desonide [DR:D03696]
Tacrolimus [DR:D00107]
Pimecrolimus [DR:D05480]
Dupilumab [DR:D10354]
Crisaborole [DR:D10873]
Cortisone acetate [DR:D00973]
Hydroxyzine hydrochloride [DR:D00672]
Hydroxyzine pamoate [DR:D01096]

PMID:23473856

Kabashima K

New concept of the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis: interplay among the barrier, allergy, and pruritus as a trinity.

J Dermatol Sci 70:3-11 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.02.001

PMID:23439055

Tamari M, Tanaka S, Hirota T

Genome-wide association studies of allergic diseases.

Allergol Int 62:21-8 (2013)
DOI:10.2332/allergolint.13-RAI-0539

PMID:21518425

Bussmann C, Weidinger S, Novak N

Genetics of atopic dermatitis.

J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 9:670-6 (2011)
DOI:10.1111/j.1610-0387.2011.07656.x

PMID:20109730

Barnes KC

An update on the genetics of atopic dermatitis: scratching the surface in 2009.

J Allergy Clin Immunol 125:16-29.e1-11; quiz 30-1 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.11.008

PMID:22962911

Berke R, Singh A, Guralnick M

Atopic dermatitis: an overview.

Am Fam Physician 86:35-42 (2012)

PMID:16815133 (env_factor)

Cork MJ, Robinson DA, Vasilopoulos Y, Ferguson A, Moustafa M, MacGowan A, Duff GW, Ward SJ, Tazi-Ahnini R

New perspectives on epidermal barrier dysfunction in atopic dermatitis: gene-environment interactions.

J Allergy Clin Immunol 118:3-21; quiz 22-3 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2006.04.042

PMID:22586797 (drug)

Cookson H, Smith C

Systemic treatment of adult atopic dermatitis.

Clin Med 12:172-6 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/ng1767

PMID:20070141 (drug)

Simpson EL

Atopic dermatitis: a review of topical treatment options.

Curr Med Res Opin 26:633-40 (2010)
DOI:10.1185/03007990903512156

PMID:24354911 (drug)

Simon D, Bieber T

Systemic therapy for atopic dermatitis.

Allergy 69:46-55 (2014)
DOI:10.1111/all.12339