小細胞肺癌

肺癌は、工業化の進んだ国々において、男女ともにがんによる死亡の主要な原因となっている。小細胞肺癌(SCLC)は、非常に悪性度の高い腫瘍であり、肺癌のおよそ２５％を占めている。SCLC における分子メカニズムの変化には、がん遺伝子である MYC の発現の増大と、がん抑制遺伝子である p53, PTEN, RB, FHIT などの欠失が含まれる。SCLC における MYC の過剰発現は、ほとんど遺伝子の増幅によるものである。このような過剰発現は、細胞の増殖スピードを増大させ、最終的な分化を妨げる。p53 や PTEN の突然変異や欠失は、細胞の増殖スピードを増大させ、アポトーシスを低下させる。RB1の遺伝子は細胞周期の進行を調節する核のリンタンパク質をコードする。FHIT の遺伝子は酵素である diadenosine triphosphate hydrolase をコードするが、これはアポトーシスを引き起こしたり、細胞周期を調節したりするのに間接的な役割を果たすと考えられている。

がん

nt06267  Small cell lung cancer

c-MYC (amplification) [HSA:4609] [KO:K04377]
RAR-beta (promoter hypermethylation) [HSA:5915] [KO:K08528]
FHIT (mutation) [HSA:2272] [KO:K01522]
p53 (LOH, mutation) [HSA:7157] [KO:K04451]
RB1 (LOH, mutation) [HSA:5925] [KO:K06618]
PTEN (mutation, deletion) [HSA:5728] [KO:K01110]
Bcl-2 (overexpression) [HSA:596] [KO:K02161]

Arsenic and arsenic compounds [CPD:C06269]
Asbestos [CPD:C16442]
Beryllium and beryllium compounds [CPD:C16460]
Bis(chloromethyl)ether and chloromethyl methyl ether (technical-grade)
N'-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(N-Nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone(NNK) [CPD:C16452 C16453]
Radon-222 and its decay products
Silica, crystalline (inhaled in the form of quartz orcristobalite from occupational sources) [CPD:C16459]
Tobacco smoking and tobacco smoke
*Aluminium production
*Benzo[a]pyrene [CPD:C07535]
*Cadmium and cadmium compounds
*Chimney sweeping
*Coal gasification
*Coal-tar pitches [CPD:C16451]
*Coal-tars
*Coke production
*Furniture and cabinet making
*Haematite mining (underground) with exposure to radon
*Household combustion of coal, indoor emissions from
*Involuntary smoking (exposure to secondhand or environmental tobacco smoke)
*Iron and steel founding
*Mineral oils, untreated and mildly treated
*Painter (occupational exposure as a)
*Paving and roofing with coal-tar pitch
*Shale-oils [CPD:C16458]
*Soots
*Strong-inorganic-acid mists containing sulfuric acid
*Talc containing asbestiform fibres
*2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin
*X- and gamma-radiation
*: Although this is a risk factor for lung cancer in general, the strength of association with different histological tumor types is not well understood.

シクロホスファミド水和物 [DR:D00287]
イホスファミド [DR:D00343]
ニムスチン塩酸塩 [DR:D01059]
フルオロウラシル [DR:D00584]
シタラビン [DR:D00168]
テガフール・ウラシル [DR:D02131]
マイトマイシンC [DR:D00208]
ブレオマイシン塩酸塩 [DR:D03229]
ドキソルビシン塩酸塩 [DR:D01275]
アクラルビシン塩酸塩 [DR:D01911]
アムルビシン塩酸塩 [DR:D07100]
ビンデシン硫酸塩 [DR:D01769]
エトポシド [DR:D00125]
ノギテカン塩酸塩 [DR:D02168]
イリノテカン塩酸塩水和物 [DR:D01061]
シスプラチン [DR:D00275]
カルボプラチン [DR:D01363]
デュルバルマブ [DR:D10808]
アテゾリズマブ [DR:D10773]
ネダプラチン [DR:D01416]
ポルフィマーナトリウム [DR:D03327]
タラポルフィンナトリウム [DR:D01985]
ストレプトコックス・ピオゲネス（A群3型）Su株ペニシリン処理凍結乾燥粉末 [DR:D08756]

ICD-O: 8041/3, Tumor type: Small cell carcinoma

PMID:12741677 (gene, tumor type)

Yokota J, Nishioka M, Tani M, Kohno T.

Genetic alterations responsible for metastatic phenotypes of lung cancer cells.

Clin Exp Metastasis 20:189-93 (2003)
DOI:10.1023/a:1022978932215

PMID:12711111 (tumor type)

Sanchez-Cespedes M.

Dissecting the genetic alterations involved in lung carcinogenesis.

Lung Cancer 40:111-21 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0169-5002(03)00033-3

PMID:12407699

Mitsuuchi Y, Testa JR.

Cytogenetics and molecular genetics of lung cancer.

Am J Med Genet 115:183-8 (2002)
DOI:10.1002/ajmg.10692

PMID:16112428

Panani AD, Roussos C.

Cytogenetic and molecular aspects of lung cancer.

Cancer Lett 239:1-9 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.canlet.2005.06.030

PMID:15322513 (carcinogen)

Boffetta P.

Epidemiology of environmental and occupational cancer.

Oncogene 23:6392-403 (2004)
DOI:10.1038/sj.onc.1207715

PMID:2831418 (carcinogen)

Adachi S, Takemoto K.

[Occupational lung cancer. A comparison between humans and experimental animals]

Sangyo Igaku 29:345-57 (1987)
DOI:10.1539/joh1959.29.345

PMID:17375514 (carcinogen)

O'Reilly KM, Mclaughlin AM, Beckett WS, Sime PJ.

Asbestos-related lung disease.

Am Fam Physician 75:683-8 (2007)

PMID:15660110 (carcinogen)

Luch A.

Nature and nurture - lessons from chemical carcinogenesis.

Nat Rev Cancer 5:113-25 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrc1546

PMID:12082370 (carcinogen)

Gottschall EB.

Occupational and environmental thoracic malignancies.

J Thorac Imaging 17:189-97 (2002)
DOI:10.1097/00005382-200207000-00003

PMID:17630920 (carcinogen)

Grozio A, Catassi A, Cavalieri Z, Paleari L, Cesario A, Russo P.

Nicotine, lung and cancer.

Anticancer Agents Med Chem 7:461-6 (2007)
DOI:10.2174/187152007781058587

PMID:10076528 (carcinogen)

Schuller HM, Orloff M.

Tobacco-specific carcinogenic nitrosamines. Ligands for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in human lung cancer cells.

Biochem Pharmacol 55:1377-84 (1998)
DOI:10.1016/S0006-2952(97)00651-5

PMID:16155477 (carcinogen)

Graff JJ, Sathiakumar N, Macaluso M, Maldonado G, Matthews R, Delzell E.

Chemical exposures in the synthetic rubber industry and lymphohematopoietic cancer mortality.

J Occup Environ Med 47:916-32 (2005)
DOI:10.1097/01.jom.0000172866.16615.db

PMID:16299089 (carcinogen)

Sathiakumar N, Graff J, Macaluso M, Maldonado G, Matthews R, Delzell E.

An updated study of mortality among North American synthetic rubber industry workers.

Occup Environ Med 62:822-9 (2005)
DOI:10.1136/oem.2004.018176

PMID:11886955 (carcinogen)

Verma DK, Purdham JT, Roels HA.

Translating evidence about occupational conditions into strategies for prevention.

Occup Environ Med 59:205-13; quiz 214 (2002)
DOI:10.1136/oem.59.3.156

PMID:9358915 (carcinogen)

Honma K, Chiyotani K, Kimura K.

Silicosis, mixed dust pneumoconiosis, and lung cancer.

Am J Ind Med 32:595-9 (1997)
DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199712)32:6<595::AID-AJIM4>3.0.CO;2-P

PMID:15489140 (carcinogen)

Wogan GN, Hecht SS, Felton JS, Conney AH, Loeb LA.

Environmental and chemical carcinogenesis.

Semin Cancer Biol 14:473-86 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.semcancer.2004.06.010

PMID:15552776 (carcinogen)

Sasco AJ, Secretan MB, Straif K.

Tobacco smoking and cancer: a brief review of recent epidemiological evidence.

Lung Cancer 45 Suppl 2:S3-9 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.lungcan.2004.07.998

PMID:9498904 (carcinogen)

Boffetta P, Jourenkova N, Gustavsson P.

Cancer risk from occupational and environmental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Cancer Causes Control 8:444-72 (1997)
DOI:10.1023/a:1018465507029

PMID:17530489 (carcinogen)

Abnet CC.

Carcinogenic food contaminants.

Cancer Invest 25:189-96 (2007)
DOI:10.1080/07357900701208733

PMID:17589590 (carcinogen)

Zhang JJ, Smith KR.

Household air pollution from coal and biomass fuels in china: measurements, health impacts, and interventions.

Environ Health Perspect 115:848-55 (2007)
DOI:10.1289/ehp.9479

PMID:17882278 (carcinogen)

Sun S, Schiller JH, Gazdar AF.

Lung cancer in never smokers--a different disease.

Nat Rev Cancer 7:778-90 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/nrc2190

PMID:10723042 (carcinogen)

Stern FB, Ruder AM, Chen G.

Proportionate mortality among unionized roofers and waterproofers.

Am J Ind Med 37:478-92 (2000)
DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(200005)37:5<478::AID-AJIM4>3.0.CO;2-8

PMID:17032693 (carcinogen)

Hsu YM, Wu CY, Lundgren DA, Birky BK.

Size-resolved sulfuric acid mist concentrations at phosphate fertilizer manufacturing facilities in Florida.

Ann Occup Hyg 51:81-9 (2007)
DOI:10.1093/annhyg/mel066

PMID:9498905 (carcinogen)

Blair A, Kazerouni N.

Reactive chemicals and cancer.

Cancer Causes Control 8:473-90 (1997)
DOI:10.1023/a:1018417623867

PMID:15070562 (carcinogen)

Berrington de Gonzalez A, Darby S.

Risk of cancer from diagnostic X-rays: estimates for the UK and 14 other countries.

Lancet 363:345-51 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15433-0