口腔癌

舌癌

頭頸部癌 [DS:H02420]
固形腫瘍 [DS:H02421]

口腔癌は、疾病の国際分類によれば、唇、舌、唾液腺、歯肉、口腔底、中咽頭、頬側面、および他の口腔内の場所に生じる頭頸部がんのサブグループに当てはまる。それにも関わらず、口腔癌という言葉は、口腔粘膜由来の扁平上皮癌(SCC)という言葉と同義である。このがんは上述した解剖学的部位に存在する全てのがんの90％以上を占めているのである。世界的に、口腔の SCC(OSCC) は６番目に多く見られるがんであり、例年30万人がこのがんと診断されている。OSCC は、タバコ、アルコール、慢性的炎症、ウイルス感染といった環境の影響だけでなく、患者の遺伝的素因にも影響される多くの遺伝子変異の蓄積を必要としながら、多段階的に進行する。遺伝子の変化には、EGFR の活性化、p53, p16といったがん抑制遺伝子の変化、Cyclin D1 の過剰発現などが含まれる。

がん

p53 (mutation, deletion) [HSA:7157] [KO:K04451]
p16/INK4A (mutation, loss of expression) [HSA:1029] [KO:K06621]
EGFR (overexpression) [HSA:1956] [KO:K04361]
c-myc/N-myc (amplification, overexpression) [HSA:4609] [KO:K04377]
N-ras (amplification) [HSA:4893] [KO:K07828]
K-ras (amplification) [HSA:3845] [KO:K07827]
Cyclin D1 (amplification) [HSA:595] [KO:K04503]
STAT-3 (expression) [HSA:6774] [KO:K04692]

Alcoholic beverages
Areca nut
Betel quid with tobacco
Betel quid without tobacco
Radionuclides, alpha-particle-emitting, internally deposited
Tobacco, smokeless
Tobacco smoking and tobacco smoke

Human papillomavirus type 16 [GN:T40087]
Human papillomavirus type 18 [GN:T40088]

ブレオマイシン塩酸塩 [DR:D03229]
ペプロマイシン硫酸塩 [DR:D02063]
ストレプトコックス・ピオゲネス（A群3型）Su株ペニシリン処理凍結乾燥粉末 [DR:D08756]

ICD-O: 8070/3, Tumor type: Squamous cell carcinoma

PMID:17258495 (description, tumor type)

Tsantoulis PK, Kastrinakis NG, Tourvas AD, Laskaris G, Gorgoulis VG

Advances in the biology of oral cancer.

Oral Oncol 43:523-34 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2006.11.010

PMID:18096889

Choi S, Myers JN

Molecular pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma: implications for therapy.

J Dent Res 87:14-32 (2008)
DOI:10.1177/154405910808700104

PMID:12444391 (gene, tumor type, carcinogen)

Das BR, Nagpal JK.

Understanding the biology of oral cancer.

Med Sci Monit 8:RA258-67 (2002)

PMID:17530489 (carcinogen)

Abnet CC.

Carcinogenic food contaminants.

Cancer Invest 25:189-96 (2007)
DOI:10.1080/07357900701208733

PMID:17646865 (carcinogen)

Seitz HK, Stickel F.

Molecular mechanisms of alcohol-mediated carcinogenesis.

Nat Rev Cancer 7:599-612 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/nrc2191

PMID:9448210 (carcinogen)

Norton SA.

Betel: consumption and consequences.

J Am Acad Dermatol 38:81-8 (1998)
DOI:10.1016/S0190-9622(98)70543-2

PMID:17163423 (carcinogen)

Thomas SJ, Bain CJ, Battistutta D, Ness AR, Paissat D, Maclennan R.

Betel quid not containing tobacco and oral cancer: a report on a case-control study in Papua New Guinea and a meta-analysis of current evidence.

Int J Cancer 120:1318-23 (2007)
DOI:10.1002/ijc.22304

PMID:14996286 (carcinogen)

Warnakulasuriya S.

Smokeless tobacco and oral cancer.

Oral Dis 10:1-4 (2004)
DOI:10.1046/j.1354-523X.2003.00975.x

PMID:9524432 (carcinogen)

Hoffmann D, Djordjevic MV.

Chemical composition and carcinogenicity of smokeless tobacco.

Adv Dent Res 11:322-9 (1997)
DOI:10.1177/08959374970110030301

PMID:15489140 (carcinogen)

Wogan GN, Hecht SS, Felton JS, Conney AH, Loeb LA.

Environmental and chemical carcinogenesis.

Semin Cancer Biol 14:473-86 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.semcancer.2004.06.010

PMID:15552776 (carcinogen)

Sasco AJ, Secretan MB, Straif K.

Tobacco smoking and cancer: a brief review of recent epidemiological evidence.

Lung Cancer 45 Suppl 2:S3-9 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.lungcan.2004.07.998

PMID:12767868 (marker)

Schliephake H.

Prognostic relevance of molecular markers of oral cancer--a review.

Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 32:233-45 (2003)
DOI:10.1054/ijom.2002.0383

PMID:14693233 (marker)

Bettendorf O, Piffko J, Bankfalvi A.

Prognostic and predictive factors in oral squamous cell cancer: important tools for planning individual therapy?

Oral Oncol 40:110-9 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2003.08.010

PMID:15580114 (marker)

Chimenos-Kustner E, Font-Costa I, Lopez-Lopez J.

Oral cancer risk and molecular markers.

Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 9:381-4; 377-80 (2004)