KEGG ENZYME: 1.14.14.16

ENZYME: 1.14.14.16

Entry

EC 1.14.14.16 Enzyme

Name

steroid 21-monooxygenase;
steroid 21-hydroxylase;
21-hydroxylase;
P450c21;
CYP21A2 (gene name)

Class

Oxidoreductases;
Acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen;
With reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen into the other donor

Sysname

steroid,NADPH---hemoprotein reductase:oxygen oxidoreductase (21-hydroxylating)

Reaction(IUBMB)

a C21 steroid + [reduced NADPH---hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = a 21-hydroxy-C21-steroid + [oxidized NADPH---hemoprotein reductase] + H2O [RN:R02130]

Reaction(KEGG)

R02130 > R02213 R02838 R03326 R03784 R03849 R04675

Substrate

C21 steroid;
[reduced NADPH---hemoprotein reductase] [CPD:C03024];
O2 [CPD:C00007]

Product

21-hydroxy-C21-steroid;
[oxidized NADPH---hemoprotein reductase] [CPD:C03161];
H2O [CPD:C00001]

Comment

A P-450 heme-thiolate protein responsible for the conversion of progesterone and 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone to their respective 21-hydroxylated derivatives, 11-deoxycorticosterone and 11-deoxycortisol. Involved in the biosynthesis of the hormones aldosterone and cortisol. The electron donor is EC 1.6.2.4, NADPH---hemoprotein reductase.

History

EC 1.14.14.16 created 1961 as EC 1.99.1.11, transferred 1965 to EC 1.14.1.8, transferred 1972 to EC 1.14.99.10, modified 2013, transferred 2015 to EC 1.14.14.16

Pathway

ec00140

Steroid hormone biosynthesis

ec01100

Metabolic pathways

Orthology

K00513

steroid 21-monooxygenase

Genes

HSA:	1589(CYP21A2)

PTR:	107973061 745345

GGO:	101147473 109023079

PON:	100461354 112131288

NLE:

100579180

MCC:	717020(CYP21A2)

MCF:

102130610

CSAB:

103221724(CYP21A2)

RRO:

104674109

RBB:

108519899

CJC:	100395918(CYP21A2)

SBQ:

101047673

MMU:	13079(Cyp21a1)

MCAL:

110312588

MPAH:

110335614

RNO:	24298(Cyp21a1)

MUN:

CGE:

NGI:

HGL:

CCAN:

OCU:

TUP:

CFA:	415124(CYP21A2)

VVP:

AML:

UMR:

UAH:

ORO:

ELK:

FCA:

PTG:

PPAD:

AJU:

BTA:	281741(CYP21)

BOM:

BIU:

BBUB:

CHX:

OAS:	105612707 114108679

SSC:	403337(CYP21A2)

CFR:

CDK:

BACU:

LVE:

OOR:

DLE:

PCAD:

ECB:

EPZ:

EAI:

MYB:

MNA:

HAI:

DRO:

PALE:

RAY:

MJV:

LAV:

TMU:

MDO:

SHR:

PCW:

OAA:

GGA:	429828(CYP21A1)

MGP:

CJO:

NMEL:

APLA:

ACYG:

TGU:

LSR:

SCAN:

GFR:

FAB:

PHI:

PMAJ:

CCAE:

CCW:

ETL:

EGZ:

ASN:

AMJ:	102575314(CYP21A2)

CPIC:

ACS:

PVT:

PBI:

PMUR:

PMUA:

GJA:

XLA:	447267(cyp21a2.1.L)

XTR:	100489813(cyp21a2.1)

NPR:

108786530

DRE:	793249(cyp21a2)

SRX:

SANH:

SGH:

CCAR:

IPU:

PHYP:

AMEX:

EEE:

TRU:

LCO:

NCC:

MZE:

ONL:

OLA:

XMA:

XCO:

PRET:

CVG:

NFU:

ALIM:

AOCE:

CSEM:

POV:

LCF:

SDU:

SLAL:

HCQ:

BPEC:

MALB:

SASA:

OTW:

SALP:

ELS:

SFM:

PKI:

LCM:

RTP:

Reference

1 [PMID:14934270]

Authors

DORFMAN RI, HAYANO M.

Title

The action of adrenal homogenates on progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and 21-desoxycortisone.

Journal

Arch Biochem 36:237-9 (1952)
DOI:10.1016/0003-9861(52)90397-4

Reference

2 [PMID:13031650]

Authors

PLAGER JE, SAMUELS LT.

Title

Synthesis of C14-17-hydroxy-11-desoxycorticosterone and 17-hydroxycorticosterone by fractionated extracts of adrenal homogenates.

Journal

Arch Biochem Biophys 42:477-8 (1953)
DOI:10.1016/0003-9861(53)90378-6

Reference

3 [PMID:13416221]

Authors

RYAN KJ, ENGEL LL.

Title

Hydroxylation of steroids at carbon 21.

Journal

J Biol Chem 225:103-14 (1957)

Reference

4 [PMID:6767716]

Authors

Kominami S, Ochi H, Kobayashi Y, Takemori S

Title

Studies on the steroid hydroxylation system in adrenal cortex microsomes. Purification and characterization of cytochrome P-450 specific for steroid C-21 hydroxylation.

Journal

J Biol Chem 255:3386-94 (1980)

Reference

5 [PMID:14568563]

Authors

Martineau I, Belanger A, Tchernof A, Tremblay Y

Title

Molecular cloning and expression of guinea pig cytochrome P450c21 cDNA (steroid 21-hydroxylase) isolated from the adrenals.

Journal

J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 86:123-32 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0960-0760(03)00261-9

Reference

6 [PMID:16597434]

Authors

Arase M, Waterman MR, Kagawa N

Title

Purification and characterization of bovine steroid 21-hydroxylase (P450c21) efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli.

Journal

Biochem Biophys Res Commun 344:400-5 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.03.067

Other DBs

ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database:

1.14.14.16

IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature:

1.14.14.16

ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database:

1.14.14.16

BRENDA, the Enzyme Database:

1.14.14.16

CAS:

9029-68-9

LinkDB

DBGET integrated database retrieval system