KEGG   PATHWAY: ko00195
Entry
ko00195                     Pathway                                
Name
Photosynthesis
Description
Photosynthesis in green plants and specialized bacteria is the process of utilizing light energy to synthesize organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water. It consists of the light dependent part (light reaction) and the light independent part (dark reaction, carbon fixation). The light reaction takes place in thylakoid, a membrane-bound compartment inside chloroplasts and cyanobacteria. The light energy is used by photosystems I and II to generate proton motive force and reducing power (NADPH or NADH). The proton motive force is used by ATP synthase to generate ATP, essentially in the same way as the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The supplies of ATP and NAD(P)H are then used to fix carbon dioxide.
Class
Metabolism; Energy metabolism
Pathway map
ko00195  Photosynthesis
ko00195

Module
M00157  F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:ko00195]
M00161  Photosystem II [PATH:ko00195]
M00162  Cytochrome b6f complex [PATH:ko00195]
M00163  Photosystem I [PATH:ko00195]
Orthology
K02703  photosystem II P680 reaction center D1 protein [EC:1.10.3.9]
K02704  photosystem II CP47 chlorophyll apoprotein
K02705  photosystem II CP43 chlorophyll apoprotein
K02706  photosystem II P680 reaction center D2 protein [EC:1.10.3.9]
K02707  photosystem II cytochrome b559 subunit alpha
K02708  photosystem II cytochrome b559 subunit beta
K02709  photosystem II PsbH protein
K02710  photosystem II PsbI protein
K02711  photosystem II PsbJ protein
K02712  photosystem II PsbK protein
K02713  photosystem II PsbL protein
K02714  photosystem II PsbM protein
K02716  photosystem II oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 1
K02717  photosystem II oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 2
K08901  photosystem II oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 3
K03541  photosystem II 10kDa protein
K03542  photosystem II 22kDa protein
K02718  photosystem II PsbT protein
K02719  photosystem II PsbU protein
K02720  photosystem II cytochrome c550
K02721  photosystem II PsbW protein
K02722  photosystem II PsbX protein
K02723  photosystem II PsbY protein
K02724  photosystem II PsbZ protein
K08902  photosystem II Psb27 protein
K08903  photosystem II 13kDa protein
K08904  photosystem II Psb28-2 protein
K02689  photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 [EC:1.97.1.12]
K02690  photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A2 [EC:1.97.1.12]
K02691  photosystem I iron-sulfur center [EC:1.97.1.12]
K02692  photosystem I subunit II
K02693  photosystem I subunit IV
K02694  photosystem I subunit III
K08905  photosystem I subunit V
K02695  photosystem I subunit VI
K02696  photosystem I subunit VIII
K02697  photosystem I subunit IX
K02698  photosystem I subunit X
K02699  photosystem I subunit XI
K02700  photosystem I subunit XII
K02701  photosystem I subunit PsaN
K14332  photosystem I subunit PsaO
K02702  photosystem I 4.8kDa protein
K02634  apocytochrome f
K02635  cytochrome b6
K02636  cytochrome b6-f complex iron-sulfur subunit [EC:7.1.1.6]
K02637  cytochrome b6-f complex subunit 4
K02640  cytochrome b6-f complex subunit 5
K02642  cytochrome b6-f complex subunit 6
K02643  cytochrome b6-f complex subunit 7
K03689  cytochrome b6-f complex subunit 8
K02638  plastocyanin
K02639  ferredoxin
K02641  ferredoxin--NADP+ reductase [EC:1.18.1.2]
K08906  cytochrome c6
K02114  F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit epsilon
K02112  F-type H+/Na+-transporting ATPase subunit beta [EC:7.1.2.2 7.2.2.1]
K02115  F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit gamma
K02111  F-type H+/Na+-transporting ATPase subunit alpha [EC:7.1.2.2 7.2.2.1]
K02113  F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit delta
K02109  F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit b
K02110  F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit c
K02108  F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit a
Compound
C00001  H2O
C00002  ATP
C00005  NADPH
C00006  NADP+
C00007  Oxygen
C00008  ADP
C00009  Orthophosphate
C00034  Manganese
C00080  H+
C02061  Plastoquinone
C16693  Plastoquinol
Reference
  Authors
Ferreira KN, Iverson TM, Maghlaoui K, Barber J, Iwata S.
  Title
Architecture of the photosynthetic oxygen-evolving center.
  Journal
Science 303:1831-8 (2004)
DOI:10.1126/science.1093087
Reference
  Authors
Kamiya N, Shen JR.
  Title
Crystal structure of oxygen-evolving photosystem II from Thermosynechococcus vulcanus at 3.7-A resolution.
  Journal
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:98-103 (2003)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0135651100
Reference
  Authors
Zouni A, Witt HT, Kern J, Fromme P, Krauss N, Saenger W, Orth P.
  Title
Crystal structure of photosystem II from Synechococcus elongatus at 3.8 A resolution.
  Journal
Nature 409:739-743 (2001)
DOI:10.1038/35055589
Reference
  Authors
Jordan P, Fromme P, Witt HT, Klukas O, Saenger W, Krauss N.
  Title
Three-dimensional structure of cyanobacterial photosystem I at 2.5 A resolution.
  Journal
Nature 411:909-917 (2001)
DOI:10.1038/35082000
Reference
  Authors
Jones MR, Fyfe PK.
  Title
Photosynthesis: new light on biological oxygen production.
  Journal
Curr Biol 17:R318-R321 (2001)
DOI:10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00174-9
Reference
  Authors
Shen G, Zhao J, Reimer SK, Antonkine ML, Cai Q, Weiland SM, Golbeck JH, Bryant DA.
  Title
Assembly of photosystem I. I. Inactivation of the rubA gene encoding a membrane-associated rubredoxin in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 causes a loss of photosystem I activity.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 277:20343-54 (2002)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M201103200
Related
pathway
ko00196  Photosynthesis - antenna proteins
ko00710  Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms
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