| Entry |
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| Name |
Olfactory transduction - Miniopterus natalensis
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| Description |
Within the compact cilia of the olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) a cascade of enzymatic activity transduces the binding of an odorant molecule to a receptor into an electrical signal that can be transmitted to the brain. Odorant molecules bind to a receptor protein (R) coupled to an olfactory specific Gs-protein (G) and activate a type III adenylyl cyclase (AC), increasing intracellular cAMP levels. cAMP targets an olfactory-specific cyclic-nucleotide gated ion channel (CNG), allowing cations, particularly Na and Ca, to flow down their electrochemical gradients into the cell, depolarizing the ORN. Furthermore, the Ca entering the cell is able to activate a Ca-activated Cl channel, which would allow Cl to flow out of the cell, thus further increasing the depolarization. Elevated intracellular Ca causes adaptation by at least two different molecular steps: inhibition of the activity of adenylyl cyclase via CAMKII-dependent phosphorylation and down-regulation of the affinity of the CNG channel to cAMP.
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| Class |
Organismal Systems; Sensory system
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| Pathway map |
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| Other DBs |
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| Organism |
Miniopterus natalensis [GN: mna]
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| Gene |
| 107545210 | LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: putative gustatory receptor clone PTE01 [KO:K04257] |
| 107546588 | LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: putative olfactory receptor 13C6 [KO:K04257] |
| 107533994 | GNAL; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha [KO:K04633] |
| 107540160 | GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536] |
| 107534609 | GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543] |
| 107533363 | GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547] |
| 107540490 | CNGA4; cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel alpha-4 [KO:K04951] |
| 107532216 | CNGB1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel beta-1 [KO:K04952] |
| 107540984 | CNGA3; cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel alpha-3 [KO:K04950] |
| 107545830 | CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17] |
| 107535228 | CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17] |
| 107527851 | CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17] |
| 107541075 | PDE1B; calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1B isoform X1 [KO:K13755] [EC:3.1.4.17] |
| 107544407 | PDE1C; calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1C [KO:K13755] [EC:3.1.4.17] |
| 107536128 | PDE1A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1A [KO:K13755] [EC:3.1.4.17] |
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| Compound |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Kaupp UB |
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| Title |
Olfactory signalling in vertebrates and insects: differences and commonalities. |
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| Journal |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Peterlin Z, Firestein S, Rogers ME |
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| Title |
The state of the art of odorant receptor deorphanization: a report from the orphanage. |
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| Authors |
Kato A, Touhara K |
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| Title |
Mammalian olfactory receptors: pharmacology, G protein coupling and desensitization. |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Firestein S. |
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| Title |
How the olfactory system makes sense of scents. |
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| Journal |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Ache BW, Young JM. |
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| Title |
Olfaction: diverse species, conserved principles. |
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| Journal |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Zufall F, Leinders-Zufall T. |
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The cellular and molecular basis of odor adaptation. |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Lodovichi C, Belluscio L |
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Odorant receptors in the formation of the olfactory bulb circuitry. |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Kohout TA, Lefkowitz RJ. |
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Regulation of G protein-coupled receptor kinases and arrestins during receptor desensitization. |
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| Journal |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
De Palo G, Boccaccio A, Miri A, Menini A, Altafini C |
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| Title |
A dynamical feedback model for adaptation in the olfactory transduction pathway. |
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| Journal |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Zufall F, Munger SD |
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| Title |
Receptor guanylyl cyclases in mammalian olfactory function. |
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| Journal |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Duda T, Sharma RK |
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| Title |
Ca2+-modulated ONE-GC odorant signal transduction. |
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| Journal |
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Related
pathway |
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| KO pathway |
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| LinkDB |
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