Entry
Name
Cell cycle - Danio rerio (zebrafish)
Description
Mitotic cell cycle progression is accomplished through a reproducible sequence of events, DNA replication (S phase) and mitosis (M phase) separated temporally by gaps known as G1 and G2 phases. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are key regulatory enzymes, each consisting of a catalytic CDK subunit and an activating cyclin subunit. CDKs regulate the cell's progression through the phases of the cell cycle by modulating the activity of key substrates. Downstream targets of CDKs include transcription factor E2F and its regulator Rb. Precise activation and inactivation of CDKs at specific points in the cell cycle are required for orderly cell division. Cyclin-CDK inhibitors (CKIs), such as p16Ink4a, p15Ink4b, p27Kip1, and p21Cip1, are involved in the negative regulation of CDK activities, thus providing a pathway through which the cell cycle is negatively regulated.
Eukaryotic cells respond to DNA damage by activating signaling pathways that promote cell cycle arrest and DNA repair. In response to DNA damage, the checkpoint kinase ATM phosphorylates and activates Chk2, which in turn directly phosphorylates and activates p53 tumor suppressor protein. p53 and its transcriptional targets play an important role in both G1 and G2 checkpoints. ATR-Chk1-mediated protein degradation of Cdc25A protein phosphatase is also a mechanism conferring intra-S-phase checkpoint activation.
Class
Cellular Processes; Cell growth and death
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Danio rerio (zebrafish) [GN:
dre ]
Gene
568846 si:ch211-160f23.5; transcription factor E2F2 [KO:K09389 ]
402908 e2f5; transcription factor E2F5 isoform 1 [KO:K04682 ]
359834 tgfb1a; transforming growth factor, beta 1a precursor [KO:K13375 ]
563884 tgfb1b; transforming growth factor beta-1 [KO:K13375 ]
369194 tgfb2; transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein precursor [KO:K13376 ]
559723 tgfb2l; transforming growth factor beta-2-like [KO:K13376 ]
369195 tgfb3; transforming growth factor beta-3 proprotein precursor [KO:K13377 ]
30639 smad2; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 [KO:K04500 ]
326283 smad3b; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3b [KO:K23605 ]
58092 smad3a; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3a [KO:K23605 ]
560317 smad10a; uncharacterized protein LOC560317 isoform 2 [KO:K04501 ]
559111 smad4a; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4a [KO:K04501 ]
100151181 si:dkey-239n17.4; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4-like [KO:K04501 ]
794669 gb:cr929477; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04501 ]
30686 myca; transcriptional regulator Myc-A [KO:K04377 ]
564967 zbtb17; zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 17 isoform X1 [KO:K10500 ]
555797 cdkn2c; cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor C [KO:K06622 ]
368329 cdkn1bb; cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1Bb [KO:K06624 ]
402862 cdkn1ba; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1Ba [KO:K06624 ]
399483 cdkn1ca; cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1Ca [KO:K09993 ]
393716 skp1; S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 [KO:K03094 ]
563708 skp2; S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 [KO:K03875 ]
402825 cdc6; cell division control protein 6 homolog [KO:K02213 ]
566787 cdt1; DNA replication factor Cdt1 isoform X2 [KO:K10727 ]
554509 orc1; origin recognition complex subunit 1 [KO:K02603 ]
768161 orc2; origin recognition complex subunit 2 [KO:K02604 ]
334315 orc3; origin recognition complex subunit 3 [KO:K02605 ]
406462 orc4; origin recognition complex subunit 4 [KO:K02606 ]
406479 orc5; origin recognition complex subunit 5 [KO:K02607 ]
324256 orc6; origin recognition complex subunit 6 [KO:K02608 ]
406695 cdc45; cell division control protein 45 homolog [KO:K06628 ]
335195 ywhaqb; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, theta polypeptide b [KO:K16197 ]
399487 ywhaqa; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, theta polypeptide a [KO:K16197 ]
321729 ywhabl; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, beta polypeptide like [KO:K16197 ]
322060 ywhae1; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, epsilon polypeptide 1 [KO:K06630 ]
503763 ywhae2; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, epsilon polypeptide 2 [KO:K06630 ]
100049158 pkmyt1; membrane-associated tyrosine- and threonine-specific cdc2-inhibitory kinase [KO:K06633 ] [EC:2.7.11.1 ]
568795 anapc1; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 1 isoform X2 [KO:K03348 ]
30450 cdc27; cell division cycle protein 27 homolog [KO:K03350 ]
494046 anapc4; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 4 [KO:K03351 ]
322854 anapc5; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 5 [KO:K03352 ]
562014 cdc16; cell division cycle protein 16 homolog [KO:K03353 ]
558402 anapc7; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 7 [KO:K03354 ]
393907 cdc23; cell division cycle protein 23 homolog [KO:K03355 ]
798352 anapc10; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 10 [KO:K03357 ]
768140 anapc11; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 11 [KO:K03358 ]
445501 cdc26; anaphase-promoting complex subunit CDC26 [KO:K03359 ]
569473 anapc13; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 13 [KO:K12456 ]
751740 anapc15; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 15 [KO:K25228 ]
550576 anapc16; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 16 [KO:K25229 ]
406353 cdc20; cell division cycle protein 20 homolog [KO:K03363 ]
797354 smc1b; structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 1B [KO:K06636 ]
559665 smc1a; structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 1A [KO:K06636 ]
403060 smc1al; structural maintenance of chromosomes 1A, like [KO:K06636 ]
324475 smc3; structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 3 [KO:K06669 ]
322275 rad21a; double-strand-break repair protein rad21 homolog A [KO:K06670 ]
566831 rad21b; RAD21 cohesin complex component b [KO:K06670 ]
571082 rad21l1; double-strand-break repair protein rad21-like protein 1 [KO:K06670 ]
794129 mau2; MAU2 chromatid cohesion factor homolog [KO:K11266 ]
445395 esco2; N-acetyltransferase ESCO2 [KO:K11268 ] [EC:2.3.1.-]
100333282 esco1; N-acetyltransferase ESCO1 isoform X2 [KO:K11268 ] [EC:2.3.1.-]
393967 pds5a; sister chromatid cohesion protein PDS5 homolog A [KO:K11267 ]
565592 pds5b; sister chromatid cohesion protein PDS5 homolog B [KO:K11267 ]
393885 ppp2cab; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
406582 ppp2cb; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
406685 ppp2r1ba; protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit A, beta a [KO:K03456 ]
449548 ppp2r1bb; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A beta isoform [KO:K03456 ]
562460 ppp2r5a; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit alpha isoform [KO:K11584 ]
562282 ppp2r5b; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit beta isoform [KO:K11584 ]
557208 ppp2r5cb; protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit B', gamma b isoform 1 [KO:K11584 ]
406610 ppp2r5d; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit delta isoform [KO:K11584 ]
373878 ppp2r5eb; protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit B', epsilon isoform b [KO:K11584 ]
373881 ppp2r5ea; protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit B', epsilon isoform a [KO:K11584 ]
100005981 ppp2r5ca; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit gamma isoform [KO:K11584 ]
393886 mad1l1; mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD1 [KO:K06679 ]
550434 mad2l1; mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD2A [KO:K02537 ]
550258 mad2l2; mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD2B [KO:K13728 ]
567006 bub1bb; mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine-protein kinase BUB1 beta [KO:K06637 ] [EC:2.7.11.1 ]
393554 trip13; pachytene checkpoint protein 2 homolog [KO:K22399 ]
393223 fzr1a; fizzy/cell division cycle 20 related 1a [KO:K03364 ]
30590 tp53; cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform 2 [KO:K04451 ]
393548 gadd45aa; growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, alpha, a [KO:K04402 ]
402991 gadd45ga; growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, gamma a [KO:K04402 ]
431763 gadd45ab; growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, alpha, b [KO:K04402 ]
406304 gadd45ba; growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, beta a [KO:K04402 ]
497646 gadd45bb; growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, beta b [KO:K04402 ]
406507 gadd45gb.1; growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, gamma b, tandem duplicate 1 [KO:K04402 ]
30678 pcna; proliferating cell nuclear antigen [KO:K04802 ]
Reference
Authors
Matsuoka S, Yamaguchi M, Matsukage A
Title
D-type cyclin-binding regions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen.
Journal
J Biol Chem 269:11030-6 (1994)
Reference
Authors
Welch PJ, Wang JY
Title
A C-terminal protein-binding domain in the retinoblastoma protein regulates nuclear c-Abl tyrosine kinase in the cell cycle.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Macaluso M, Montanari M, Giordano A
Title
Rb family proteins as modulators of gene expression and new aspects regarding the interaction with chromatin remodeling enzymes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cobrinik D
Title
Pocket proteins and cell cycle control.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Boutros R, Lobjois V, Ducommun B
Title
CDC25 phosphatases in cancer cells: key players? Good targets?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Diehl JA, Cheng M, Roussel MF, Sherr CJ
Title
Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta regulates cyclin D1 proteolysis and subcellular localization.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Klein EA, Assoian RK
Title
Transcriptional regulation of the cyclin D1 gene at a glance.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sherr CJ, Roberts JM
Title
CDK inhibitors: positive and negative regulators of G1-phase progression.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Shi Y, Massague J.
Title
Mechanisms of TGF-beta signaling from cell membrane to the nucleus.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kamura T, Hara T, Kotoshiba S, Yada M, Ishida N, Imaki H, Hatakeyama S, Nakayama K, Nakayama KI
Title
Degradation of p57Kip2 mediated by SCFSkp2-dependent ubiquitylation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bond M, Sala-Newby GB, Wu YJ, Newby AC
Title
Biphasic effect of p21Cip1 on smooth muscle cell proliferation: role of PI 3-kinase and Skp2-mediated degradation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Harris SL, Levine AJ.
Title
The p53 pathway: positive and negative feedback loops.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Vogelstein B, Lane D, Levine AJ
Title
Surfing the p53 network.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Smith ML, Chen IT, Zhan Q, Bae I, Chen CY, Gilmer TM, Kastan MB, O'Connor PM, Fornace AJ Jr
Title
Interaction of the p53-regulated protein Gadd45 with proliferating cell nuclear antigen.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Petersen BO, Lukas J, Sorensen CS, Bartek J, Helin K
Title
Phosphorylation of mammalian CDC6 by cyclin A/CDK2 regulates its subcellular localization.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sheu YJ, Stillman B
Title
Cdc7-Dbf4 phosphorylates MCM proteins via a docking site-mediated mechanism to promote S phase progression.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Martinez AM, Afshar M, Martin F, Cavadore JC, Labbe JC, Doree M
Title
Dual phosphorylation of the T-loop in cdk7: its role in controlling cyclin H binding and CAK activity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lolli G, Johnson LN
Title
CAK-Cyclin-dependent Activating Kinase: a key kinase in cell cycle control and a target for drugs?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Musacchio A, Salmon ED
Title
The spindle-assembly checkpoint in space and time.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Uhlmann F
Title
Chromosome cohesion and separation: from men and molecules.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Stegmeier F, Amon A
Title
Closing mitosis: the functions of the Cdc14 phosphatase and its regulation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Moustakas A, Kardassis D
Title
Regulation of the human p21/WAF1/Cip1 promoter in hepatic cells by functional interactions between Sp1 and Smad family members.
Journal
Reference
Authors
de Boer HR, Guerrero Llobet S, van Vugt MA
Title
Controlling the response to DNA damage by the APC/C-Cdh1.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Qiao X, Zhang L, Gamper AM, Fujita T, Wan Y
Title
APC/C-Cdh1: from cell cycle to cellular differentiation and genomic integrity.
Journal
Related pathway
KO pathway
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