Entry
Name
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway - Equus caballus (horse)
Description
The phosphatidylinositol 3' -kinase(PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway is activated by many types of cellular stimuli or toxic insults and regulates fundamental cellular functions such as transcription, translation, proliferation, growth, and survival. The binding of growth factors to their receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) or G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) stimulates class Ia and Ib PI3K isoforms, respectively. PI3K catalyzes the production of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) at the cell membrane. PIP3 in turn serves as a second messenger that helps to activate Akt. Once active, Akt can control key cellular processes by phosphorylating substrates involved in apoptosis, protein synthesis, metabolism, and cell cycle.
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Equus caballus (horse) [GN:
ecb ]
Gene
100055086 PDGFA; platelet-derived growth factor subunit A isoform X1 [KO:K04359 ]
100070283 PDGFB; platelet-derived growth factor subunit B isoform X1 [KO:K17386 ]
100146493 CSF1; macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05453 ]
100055522 FLT3LG; fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand isoform X1 [KO:K05454 ]
100033839 VEGFA; vascular endothelial growth factor A precursor [KO:K05448 ]
100055238 VEGFB; vascular endothelial growth factor B isoform X1 [KO:K16858 ]
100050877 VEGFD; vascular endothelial growth factor D isoform X1 [KO:K05449 ]
100060890 VEGFC; vascular endothelial growth factor C isoform X1 [KO:K05449 ]
100067053 GDNF; glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor isoform X2 [KO:K05452 ]
100069694 NGFR; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 16 [KO:K02583 ]
100061732 RAC1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04392 ]
100070796 PIK3AP1; phosphoinositide 3-kinase adapter protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12230 ]
100033922 CSF3; granulocyte colony-stimulating factor isoform 2 [KO:K05423 ]
100066819 OSMR; oncostatin-M-specific receptor subunit beta isoform X4 [KO:K05057 ]
100070292 IL2RA; interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha precursor [KO:K05068 ]
100069676 IL2RB; interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta isoform X2 [KO:K05069 ]
106781070 granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04737 ]
102148787 IL6R; interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K05055 ]
791252 IL4R; interleukin-4 receptor subunit alpha precursor [KO:K05071 ]
100069253 CSF3R; granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor isoform X5 [KO:K05061 ]
791241 COL2A1; collagen alpha-1(II) chain precursor [KO:K19719 ]
791238 LAMA3; laminin subunit alpha-3 isoform X1 [KO:K06240 ]
100051623 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
100058141 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
100051753 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
100052122 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
100050227 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X3 [KO:K02649 ]
100146348 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
100061395 GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536 ]
100067486 GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537 ]
100052560 GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 isoform X2 [KO:K07825 ]
100058274 GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538 ]
100146498 GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 [KO:K04539 ]
100630067 GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826 ]
100063795 GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540 ]
100058605 GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541 ]
100064813 GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542 ]
100059736 GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543 ]
106782014 GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544 ]
100630493 GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545 ]
100051499 GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546 ]
100063518 GNG14; putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 [KO:K04347 ]
100630574 GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347 ]
100065327 GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547 ]
100051430 GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548 ]
100069660 GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 isoform X2 [KO:K04549 ]
100050532 PIK3CG; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K21289 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
100062810 PIK3R5; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 isoform X3 [KO:K21290 ]
100062779 PIK3R6; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K21290 ]
100146703 MLST8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 isoform X1 [KO:K08266 ]
100056244 RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR isoform X10 [KO:K07204 ]
100057875 EIF4EBP1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 [KO:K07205 ]
100057254 EIF4E2; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E type 2 [KO:K03259 ]
100066216 EIF4E; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E isoform X1 [KO:K03259 ]
100068758 EIF4E1B; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E type 1B isoform X2 [KO:K03259 ]
100061920 EIF4B; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4B isoform X3 [KO:K03258 ]
100049816 MAGI1; membrane-associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain-containing protein 1 isoform X14 [KO:K05631 ]
100056814 MAGI2; membrane-associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05629 ]
100062627 PPP2R1A; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform [KO:K03456 ]
100070408 PPP2R1B; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K03456 ]
100070133 PPP2R2C; protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit B, gamma isoform X1 [KO:K04354 ]
100060957 PPP2R2B; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B beta isoform isoform X5 [KO:K04354 ]
100059955 PPP2R2A; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B alpha isoform isoform X2 [KO:K04354 ]
100051737 PPP2R2D; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04354 ]
100060079 PPP2R3B; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B'' subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K11583 ]
100053302 PPP2R3A; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B'' subunit alpha isoform X3 [KO:K11583 ]
100057766 PPP2R3C; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B'' subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K11583 ]
100051948 PPP2R5E; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit epsilon isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584 ]
100054880 PPP2R5D; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit delta isoform [KO:K11584 ]
100054977 PPP2R5C; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit gamma isoform isoform X6 [KO:K11584 ]
100054440 PPP2R5A; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit alpha isoform [KO:K11584 ]
100050735 PPP2R5B; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584 ]
100056571 CRTC2; CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 2 isoform X1 [KO:K16333 ]
100054529 PHLPP2; PH domain leucine-rich repeat-containing protein phosphatase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K16340 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
100052326 FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389 ]
100066388 CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 [KO:K05870 ]
100053304 ATF2; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04450 ]
100070334 ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374 ]
100062307 CREB3L4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
100064828 CREB3L2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 [KO:K09048 ]
100057002 CREB3L1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
100067794 CREB3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 [KO:K09048 ]
100063153 CREB3L3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 [KO:K09048 ]
100054803 CREB5; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K09047 ]
100059348 ATF6B; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 beta isoform X1 [KO:K09049 ]
100054765 MCL1; induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1 [KO:K02539 ]
100067894 NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X4 [KO:K02580 ]
Compound
C04637 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Engelman JA, Luo J, Cantley LC
Title
The evolution of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases as regulators of growth and metabolism.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Song G, Ouyang G, Bao S
Title
The activation of Akt/PKB signaling pathway and cell survival.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hers I, Vincent EE, Tavare JM
Title
Akt signalling in health and disease.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Duronio V
Title
The life of a cell: apoptosis regulation by the PI3K/PKB pathway.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kim D, Chung J.
Title
Akt: versatile mediator of cell survival and beyond.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Koyasu S
Title
The role of PI3K in immune cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Okkenhaug K, Vanhaesebroeck B.
Title
PI3K in lymphocyte development, differentiation and activation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Richardson CJ, Schalm SS, Blenis J
Title
PI3-kinase and TOR: PIKTORing cell growth.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Zhang X, Tang N, Hadden TJ, Rishi AK
Title
Akt, FoxO and regulation of apoptosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Georgescu MM
Title
PTEN Tumor Suppressor Network in PI3K-Akt Pathway Control.
Journal
Reference
Authors
West KA, Castillo SS, Dennis PA
Title
Activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway and chemotherapeutic resistance.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Wymann MP, Pirola L
Title
Structure and function of phosphoinositide 3-kinases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Moelling K, Schad K, Bosse M, Zimmermann S, Schweneker M
Title
Regulation of Raf-Akt Cross-talk.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kikani CK, Dong LQ, Liu F
Title
"New"-clear functions of PDK1: beyond a master kinase in the cytosol?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Blume-Jensen P, Hunter T
Title
Oncogenic kinase signalling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Osaki M, Oshimura M, Ito H
Title
PI3K-Akt pathway: its functions and alterations in human cancer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Noguchi M, Ropars V, Roumestand C, Suizu F
Title
Proto-oncogene TCL1: more than just a coactivator for Akt.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lemmon MA, Schlessinger J
Title
Cell signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Skaper SD
Title
The neurotrophin family of neurotrophic factors: an overview.
Journal
Related pathway
ecb04620 Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
ecb04662 B cell receptor signaling pathway
KO pathway
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