Entry
Name
Proteoglycans in cancer - Nomascus leucogenys (northern white-cheeked gibbon)
Description
Many proteoglycans (PGs) in the tumor microenvironment have been shown to be key macromolecules that contribute to biology of various types of cancer including proliferation, adhesion, angiogenesis and metastasis, affecting tumor progress. The four main types of proteoglycans include hyaluronan (HA), which does not occur as a PG but in free form, heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), dematan sulfate proteoglycans (DSPG) and keratan sulfate proteoglycans (KSPGs) [BR:
00535 ]. Among these proteoglycans such as HA, acting with CD44, promotes tumor cell growth and migration, whereas other proteoglycans such as syndecans (-1~-4), glypican (-1, -3) and perlecan may interact with growth factors, cytokines, morphogens and enzymes through HS chains [BR:
00536 ], also leading to tumor growth and invasion. In contrast, some of the small leucine-rich proteolgycans, such as decorin and lumican, can function as tumor repressors, and modulate the signaling pathways by the interaction of their core proteins and multiple receptors.
Class
Human Diseases; Cancer: overview
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Organism
Nomascus leucogenys (northern white-cheeked gibbon) [GN:
nle ]
Gene
100599935 VAV3; guanine nucleotide exchange factor VAV3 isoform X1 [KO:K05730 ]
100582219 VAV2; guanine nucleotide exchange factor VAV2 isoform X1 [KO:K05730 ]
100605245 CDC42; cell division control protein 42 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K04393 ]
100605316 TIAM1; T-lymphoma invasion and metastasis-inducing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05731 ]
100581841 ARHGEF1; rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12330 ]
100588218 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
100580872 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
100584384 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
100605788 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
100591270 PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
100599301 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
100605408 PPP1CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-gamma catalytic subunit isoform X1 [KO:K06269 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
100602476 PPP1R12A; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A isoform X1 [KO:K06270 ]
100592313 PPP1R12B; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12B isoform X1 [KO:K12329 ]
100596166 PPP1R12C; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12C isoform X1 [KO:K17457 ]
100602658 ARHGEF12; rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 12 isoform X4 [KO:K07532 ]
100599747 PLCE1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase epsilon-1 isoform X4 [KO:K05860 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
100587159 ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ]
100599135 ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X2 [KO:K04959 ]
100597007 CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
100600165 CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
100591995 CAMK2B; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
100580290 CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta isoform X30 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
100598877 STAT3; signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04692 ]
100591782 EIF4B; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4B isoform X2 [KO:K03258 ]
100581386 TGFB1; transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein isoform X2 [KO:K13375 ]
100601396 VEGFA; vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform X1 [KO:K05448 ]
100597719 FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04389 ]
100580318 FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04390 ]
100596183 TGFB2; transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein isoform X1 [KO:K13376 ]
100589735 SMAD2; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04500 ]
100581691 PLAUR; urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor isoform X1 [KO:K03985 ]
100600495 SOS2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: son of sevenless homolog 2 [KO:K03099 ]
100591458 PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01116 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
105737838 NUDT16L1; tudor-interacting repair regulator protein isoform X1 [KO:K16867 ]
100603335 HSPG2; basement membrane-specific heparan sulfate proteoglycan core protein [KO:K06255 ]
Compound
G13063 Binding domain for FGF2 in heparin/heparan sulfate
G13064 Binding domain for HGF in heparin/heparan sulfate
Reference
Authors
Bourguignon LY
Title
Hyaluronan-mediated CD44 activation of RhoGTPase signaling and cytoskeleton function promotes tumor progression.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Briggs MW, Sacks DB
Title
IQGAP1 as signal integrator: Ca2+, calmodulin, Cdc42 and the cytoskeleton.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bourguignon LY, Singleton PA, Zhu H, Diedrich F
Title
Hyaluronan-mediated CD44 interaction with RhoGEF and Rho kinase promotes Grb2-associated binder-1 phosphorylation and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling leading to cytokine (macrophage-colony stimulating factor) production and breast tumor progression.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bourguignon LY, Gilad E, Rothman K, Peyrollier K
Title
Hyaluronan-CD44 interaction with IQGAP1 promotes Cdc42 and ERK signaling, leading to actin binding, Elk-1/estrogen receptor transcriptional activation, and ovarian cancer progression.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Turley EA, Noble PW, Bourguignon LY
Title
Signaling properties of hyaluronan receptors.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bourguignon LY, Zhu H, Chu A, Iida N, Zhang L, Hung MC
Title
Interaction between the adhesion receptor, CD44, and the oncogene product, p185HER2, promotes human ovarian tumor cell activation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Neill T, Schaefer L, Iozzo RV
Title
Decorin: a guardian from the matrix.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Neill T, Painter H, Buraschi S, Owens RT, Lisanti MP, Schaefer L, Iozzo RV
Title
Decorin antagonizes the angiogenic network: concurrent inhibition of Met, hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor A, and induction of thrombospondin-1 and TIMP3.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Goldoni S, Humphries A, Nystrom A, Sattar S, Owens RT, McQuillan DJ, Ireton K, Iozzo RV
Title
Decorin is a novel antagonistic ligand of the Met receptor.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Zhu JX, Goldoni S, Bix G, Owens RT, McQuillan DJ, Reed CC, Iozzo RV
Title
Decorin evokes protracted internalization and degradation of the epidermal growth factor receptor via caveolar endocytosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Buraschi S, Pal N, Tyler-Rubinstein N, Owens RT, Neill T, Iozzo RV
Title
Decorin antagonizes Met receptor activity and down-regulates {beta}-catenin and Myc levels.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Goldoni S, Iozzo RV
Title
Tumor microenvironment: Modulation by decorin and related molecules harboring leucine-rich tandem motifs.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sofeu Feugaing DD, Gotte M, Viola M
Title
More than matrix: the multifaceted role of decorin in cancer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Merline R, Moreth K, Beckmann J, Nastase MV, Zeng-Brouwers J, Tralhao JG, Lemarchand P, Pfeilschifter J, Schaefer RM, Iozzo RV, Schaefer L
Title
Signaling by the matrix proteoglycan decorin controls inflammation and cancer through PDCD4 and MicroRNA-21.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Teng YH, Aquino RS, Park PW
Title
Molecular functions of syndecan-1 in disease.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Derksen PW, Keehnen RM, Evers LM, van Oers MH, Spaargaren M, Pals ST
Title
Cell surface proteoglycan syndecan-1 mediates hepatocyte growth factor binding and promotes Met signaling in multiple myeloma.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fux L, Ilan N, Sanderson RD, Vlodavsky I
Title
Heparanase: busy at the cell surface.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Purushothaman A, Chen L, Yang Y, Sanderson RD
Title
Heparanase stimulation of protease expression implicates it as a master regulator of the aggressive tumor phenotype in myeloma.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Beauvais DM, Ell BJ, McWhorter AR, Rapraeger AC
Title
Syndecan-1 regulates alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 integrin activation during angiogenesis and is blocked by synstatin, a novel peptide inhibitor.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Mahtouk K, Tjin EP, Spaargaren M, Pals ST
Title
The HGF/MET pathway as target for the treatment of multiple myeloma and B-cell lymphomas.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Munesue S, Kusano Y, Oguri K, Itano N, Yoshitomi Y, Nakanishi H, Yamashina I, Okayama M
Title
The role of syndecan-2 in regulation of actin-cytoskeletal organization of Lewis lung carcinoma-derived metastatic clones.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Nugent MA, Iozzo RV
Title
Fibroblast growth factor-2.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Baciu PC, Saoncella S, Lee SH, Denhez F, Leuthardt D, Goetinck PF
Title
Syndesmos, a protein that interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of syndecan-4, mediates cell spreading and actin cytoskeletal organization.
Journal
J Cell Sci 113 Pt 2:315-24 (2000)
Reference
Authors
Thodeti CK, Albrechtsen R, Grauslund M, Asmar M, Larsson C, Takada Y, Mercurio AM, Couchman JR, Wewer UM
Title
ADAM12/syndecan-4 signaling promotes beta 1 integrin-dependent cell spreading through protein kinase Calpha and RhoA.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Beauvais DM, Rapraeger AC
Title
Syndecans in tumor cell adhesion and signaling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Morgan MR, Humphries MJ, Bass MD
Title
Synergistic control of cell adhesion by integrins and syndecans.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Filmus J, Capurro M, Rast J
Title
Glypicans.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Filmus J, Capurro M
Title
Glypican-3: a marker and a therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Gao W, Ho M
Title
The role of glypican-3 in regulating Wnt in hepatocellular carcinomas.
Journal
Cancer Rep 1:14-19 (2011)
Reference
Authors
Filmus J, Capurro M
Title
The role of glypicans in Hedgehog signaling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cheng W, Tseng CJ, Lin TT, Cheng I, Pan HW, Hsu HC, Lee YM
Title
Glypican-3-mediated oncogenesis involves the Insulin-like growth factor-signaling pathway.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Iozzo RV, Sanderson RD
Title
Proteoglycans in cancer biology, tumour microenvironment and angiogenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Nikitovic D, Katonis P, Tsatsakis A, Karamanos NK, Tzanakakis GN
Title
Lumican, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan.
Journal
Related pathway
nle04810 Regulation of actin cytoskeleton
KO pathway
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