Entry
Name
Circadian entrainment - Rousettus aegyptiacus (Egyptian rousette)
Description
Circadian entrainment is a fundamental property by which the period of the internal biological clock is entrained by recurring exogenous signals, such that the organism's endocrine and behavioral rhythms are synchronized to environmental cues. In mammals, a master clock is located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus and may synchronize circadian oscillators in peripheral tissues. Light signal is the dominant synchronizer for master SCN clock. Downstream from the retina, glutamate and PACAP are released and trigger the activation of signal transduction cascades, including CamKII and nNOS activity, cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinases, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Of non-photic entrainment, important phase shifting capabilities have been found for melatonin, which inhibits light-induced phase shifts through inhibition of adenylate cyclase (AC). Multiple entrainment pathways converge into CREB regulation. In turn, phosphorylated CREB activates clock gene expression.
Class
Organismal Systems; Environmental adaptation
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Rousettus aegyptiacus (Egyptian rousette) [GN:
ray ]
Gene
107503090 GRIN1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05208 ]
107514651 GRIN2A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A [KO:K05209 ]
107503801 GRIN2C; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C [KO:K05211 ]
107498864 GRIN2D; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D [KO:K05212 ]
107510894 CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta isoform X1 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
107512385 CAMK2B; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
107497167 CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
107498266 CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
107505169 CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05870 ]
107504134 ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ]
107511965 ITPR3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960 ]
107502473 NOS1AP; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: carboxyl-terminal PDZ ligand of neuronal nitric oxide synthase protein [KO:K16513 ]
107516134 GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha [KO:K04630 ]
107518173 GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630 ]
107513376 GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630 ]
107499654 GNAO1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04534 ]
107510694 GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536 ]
107500009 GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537 ]
107519797 GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825 ]
107518411 GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538 ]
107519728 GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 isoform X1 [KO:K04539 ]
107498117 GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826 ]
107501581 GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540 ]
107520069 GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541 ]
107511584 GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542 ]
107520101 GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543 ]
107516040 GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544 ]
107502631 GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545 ]
107518824 GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546 ]
107519408 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7-like [KO:K04347 ]
107520565 GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347 ]
107506102 GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 isoform X1 [KO:K04547 ]
107518812 GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548 ]
107517574 GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549 ]
107517573 CACNA1G; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G [KO:K04854 ]
107506097 CACNA1H; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H isoform X1 [KO:K04855 ]
107500818 CACNA1I; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I isoform X1 [KO:K04856 ]
107520585 ADCYAP1; pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide isoform X1 [KO:K05262 ]
107499553 ADCYAP1R1; pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type I receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04587 ]
107500067 GNAS; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04632 ]
107500540 CACNA1C; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C [KO:K04850 ]
107516535 CACNA1D; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D [KO:K04851 ]
107517194 GNAQ; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634 ]
107506114 PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
107519930 PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
107497081 PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
107514464 PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
107521176 KCNJ3; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04997 ]
107507814 KCNJ5; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04999 ]
107499288 KCNJ6; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05000 ]
107507932 KCNJ9; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 3 [KO:K05002 ]
107517694 PER3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: period circadian protein homolog 3 [KO:K21945 ]
Compound
Reference
Authors
Brown TM, Piggins HD
Title
Electrophysiology of the suprachiasmatic circadian clock.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Dickson L, Finlayson K
Title
VPAC and PAC receptors: From ligands to function.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Golombek DA, Rosenstein RE
Title
Physiology of circadian entrainment.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Dubocovich ML, Markowska M
Title
Functional MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors in mammals.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Dubocovich ML, Delagrange P, Krause DN, Sugden D, Cardinali DP, Olcese J
Title
International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXV. Nomenclature, classification, and pharmacology of G protein-coupled melatonin receptors.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hardeland R
Title
Melatonin: signaling mechanisms of a pleiotropic agent.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Golombek DA, Ferreyra GA, Agostino PV, Murad AD, Rubio MF, Pizzio GA, Katz ME, Marpegan L, Bekinschtein TA
Title
From light to genes: moving the hands of the circadian clock.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Mertens I, Husson SJ, Janssen T, Lindemans M, Schoofs L
Title
PACAP and PDF signaling in the regulation of mammalian and insect circadian rhythms.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kim DY, Choi HJ, Kim JS, Kim YS, Jeong DU, Shin HC, Kim MJ, Han HC, Hong SK, Kim YI
Title
Voltage-gated calcium channels play crucial roles in the glutamate-induced phase shifts of the rat suprachiasmatic circadian clock.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Agostino PV, Ferreyra GA, Murad AD, Watanabe Y, Golombek DA
Title
Diurnal, circadian and photic regulation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II and neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the hamster suprachiasmatic nuclei.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ferreyra GA, Golombek DA
Title
Rhythmicity of the cGMP-related signal transduction pathway in the mammalian circadian system.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Butcher GQ, Lee B, Cheng HY, Obrietan K
Title
Light stimulates MSK1 activation in the suprachiasmatic nucleus via a PACAP-ERK/MAP kinase-dependent mechanism.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hamada T, Niki T, Ziging P, Sugiyama T, Watanabe S, Mikoshiba K, Ishida N
Title
Differential expression patterns of inositol trisphosphate receptor types 1 and 3 in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Diaz-Munoz M, Dent MA, Granados-Fuentes D, Hall AC, Hernandez-Cruz A, Harrington ME, Aguilar-Roblero R
Title
Circadian modulation of the ryanodine receptor type 2 in the SCN of rodents.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fang M, Jaffrey SR, Sawa A, Ye K, Luo X, Snyder SH
Title
Dexras1: a G protein specifically coupled to neuronal nitric oxide synthase via CAPON.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Takahashi H, Umeda N, Tsutsumi Y, Fukumura R, Ohkaze H, Sujino M, van der Horst G, Yasui A, Inouye ST, Fujimori A, Ohhata T, Araki R, Abe M
Title
Mouse dexamethasone-induced RAS protein 1 gene is expressed in a circadian rhythmic manner in the suprachiasmatic nucleus.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cheng HY, Dziema H, Papp J, Mathur DP, Koletar M, Ralph MR, Penninger JM, Obrietan K
Title
The molecular gatekeeper Dexras1 sculpts the photic responsiveness of the mammalian circadian clock.
Journal
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