KEGG ENZYME: 1.14.15.21

ENZYME: 1.14.15.21

Entry

EC 1.14.15.21               Enzyme

Name

zeaxanthin epoxidase;
Zea-epoxidase

Class

Oxidoreductases;
Acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen;
With reduced iron-sulfur protein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen into the other donor

Sysname

zeaxanthin,reduced ferredoxin:oxygen oxidoreductase

Reaction(IUBMB)

zeaxanthin + 4 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 4 H+ + 2 O2 = violaxanthin + 4 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H2O (overall reaction) [RN:R10070];
(1a) zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2 = antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O [RN:R06946];
(1b) antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2 = violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O [RN:R06947]

Reaction(KEGG)

R06946 R06947 R10070

Substrate

zeaxanthin [CPD:C06098];
reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster [CPD:C00138];
H+ [CPD:C00080];
O2 [CPD:C00007];
antheraxanthin [CPD:C08579]

Product

violaxanthin [CPD:C08614];
oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster [CPD:C00139];
H2O [CPD:C00001];
antheraxanthin [CPD:C08579]

Comment

A flavoprotein (FAD) that is active under conditions of low light. Along with EC 1.23.5.1, violaxanthin de-epoxidase, this enzyme forms part of the xanthophyll (or violaxanthin) cycle, which is involved in protecting the plant against damage by excess light. It will also epoxidize lutein in some higher-plant species.

History

EC 1.14.15.21 created 2005 as EC 1.14.13.90, transferred 2016 to EC 1.14.15.21

Pathway

ec00906

Carotenoid biosynthesis

ec01100

Metabolic pathways

ec01110

Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites

Orthology

K09838

zeaxanthin epoxidase

Genes

ATH:	AT5G67030(ABA1)

ALY:

9301107

CRB:

17874727

CSAT:

104727329 104762863

EUS:	EUTSA_v10003769mg

BRP:	103829545 103837729 117126611

BNA:	106358361 106390346 111210027 125577768

BOE:	106306069 106319391

RSZ:	108813450 108828240

THJ:	104819235 104827149

CPAP:

110814468

CIT:	102577984 102619293

CIC:	CICLE_v10025089mg CICLE_v10027323mg

PVY:	116112416 116133203

MINC:

123199364

TCC:

18611131

GRA:

105803918

GHI:	107897837 107913245

GAB:

108463934

HSYR:

120125706 120152464

DZI:	111292629 111299980

EGR:	104418568 104418569

GMX:	100778602 100800186(ZEP) 100820171

GSJ:	114377089 114393093 114404121

PVU:	PHAVU_002G018700g PHAVU_003G243800g PHAVU_011G214600g

VRA:	106755462 106755730 106755821 106768400 106776942

VAR:	108323517 108335973

VUN:	114170043 114173829 114178865

VUM:	124822758 124833307 124834330

CCAJ:

109787680 109801086 109817357 109817363

APRC:

113852544 113857682 113868826

MTR:	11408584 11419279 120577445

TPRA:

123906913 123921340

CAM:	101492490 101503567

PSAT:

127074453 127120386

VVO:	131624700 131639522 131652198 131652200

LJA:	130716185 130740829 130742436

ADU:	107479906 107487794

AIP:	107626771 107642776

AHF:	112720473 112748652 112798600 112800583

LANG:

109332775 109348163 109363245

PCIN:

129321778

QSA:	O6P43_024630 O6P43_033823

FVE:

101306850

RCN:

112187551

PPER:

18770963 18787006 18787624

PMUM:

103330551 103339888 107881084

PAVI:

110752502 110765909 110771233

PDUL:

117617273 117618697 117634023

MDM:	103401379 103403091 103414285 103438489

MSYL:

126586124 126598320 126602040 126628523

PXB:	103935128 103937745 103945929 103947190 103956812

ZJU:

107424800

MNT:

21394338

CSAV:

115712755

CSV:	101212903(ZEP)

CMO:

103497391

BHJ:

120088239

MCHA:

111017923

CMAX:

111499585

CMOS:

111451383

CPEP:

111795247

RCU:	8262901 8289205

MEAN:

126655766

JCU:	105639709 105650340

HBR:	110662928 110669315

MESC:

110625192 110630126

POP:	18094985 7462609 7489733

PEU:	105109333 105112019 105138970

PALZ:

118045617 118045708 118047855

PNZ:	133673207 133693423 133698035

JRE:

109009082

CILL:

122305542

CAVE:

132186697

QSU:	111988546 112035747

QLO:	115952579 115984217 115986353 115994403

TWL:

120014403

VVI:	100232944(ZEP) 100257960

VRI:	117918878 117927500

SLY:	544162(ZEP)

SPEN:

107011108

SOT:	102592281(ZEP)

SSTN:

125848750

SDUL:

129872300

CANN:

107860302

LBB:

132621944

NTA:	107763949 107797654(ABA2)

NSY:

104218557

NTO:

104104310

NAU:

109209776

INI:	109189028(ZEP1) 109189029

ITR:

116020015

SIND:

105161901 105168657 105168669 105177618

OEU:

111383342

EGT:	105955898 105969527 105972925

SSPL:

121762282 121777711

SMIL:

130988979

SHIS:

125200678 125212885 125214393

APAN:

127248408 127258216

HAN:	110895635 110937288

ECAD:

122593863 122609961

LSV:	111885712 111917120

CCAV:

112512572 112526755

DCR:	108196307 108216832

CSIN:

114270560 114312109

RVL:	131303690 131334258

AEW:	130783178 130785211 130795744

BVG:

104883753

SOE:

110777504

CQI:	110682308 110717340

ATRI:

130823850

MOF:

131159349

NNU:	104597550 104606289

MING:

122079657

TSS:	122643843 122661356

PSOM:

113324401 113346654 113356850

OSA:	4335984(ABA1)

OBR:

102712906

OGL:

127771228

BDI:

100835175

ATS:

109743907

TDC:	119355295 119364429

TAES:

123045605 123053443 542878

TUA:

125529059

LPER:

127335048

LRD:	124676471 124676718

SBI:

110436123

ZMA:	100285076 103641704

MFLO:

136490653 136490664 136490665 136495372

SITA:

101780465 101781949

SVS:

117863401

PVIR:

120641165 120680516

PHAI:

112899746

PDA:

103712512

EGU:

105058237

MUS:

103992210

ZOF:	121967695 122052937

DCT:

110097029

PEQ:	110037253 110039065

AOF:

109844541

MSIN:

131219639 131236411

NCOL:

116245964 116259094

ATR:	18432804 18439793

SMO:	SELMODRAFT_172667(Zep1-1) SELMODRAFT_234460(Zep1-2)

PPP:	112281448 112289573

CRE:	CHLRE_02g082550v5

VCN:	VOLCADRAFT_75879

CSL:	COCSUDRAFT_42814

CVR:	CHLNCDRAFT_138731(ZEP)

APRO:

F751_2668

OLU:	OSTLU_1611(ZEP)

OTA:	OT_ostta02g02500 OT_ostta16g00670

BPG:	Bathy07g04390 Bathy14g02700

MIS:	MICPUN_82567(ZEP1)

MPP:	MICPUCDRAFT_19991(ZEP1) MICPUCDRAFT_24859(ZEP2)

PTI:	PHATRDRAFT_45845(ZEP1) PHATRDRAFT_56488(ZEP2) PHATRDRAFT_56492(ZEP3)

FCY:	FRACYDRAFT_208380(ZEP_3) FRACYDRAFT_232148(ZEP_1) FRACYDRAFT_260743(ZEP_2)

TPS:	THAPSDRAFT_261390 THAPSDRAFT_270370

AAF:	AURANDRAFT_31758 AURANDRAFT_71741

EHX:	EMIHUDRAFT_440259 EMIHUDRAFT_444553 EMIHUDRAFT_456674 EMIHUDRAFT_457120 EMIHUDRAFT_462793

GTT:	GUITHDRAFT_159412(ZEP)

» show all

Reference

1 [PMID:8521963]

Authors

Buch K, Stransky H, Hager A.

Title

FAD is a further essential cofactor of the NAD(P)H and O2-dependent zeaxanthin-epoxidase.

Journal

FEBS Lett 376:45-8 (1995)
DOI:10.1016/0014-5793(95)01243-9

Reference

2 [PMID:9624110]

Authors

Bugos RC, Hieber AD, Yamamoto HY

Title

Xanthophyll cycle enzymes are members of the lipocalin family, the first identified from plants.

Journal

J Biol Chem 273:15321-4 (1998)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.273.25.15321

Reference

3 [PMID:10890531]

Authors

Thompson AJ, Jackson AC, Parker RA, Morpeth DR, Burbidge A, Taylor IB.

Title

Abscisic acid biosynthesis in tomato: regulation of zeaxanthin epoxidase and 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase mRNAs by light/dark cycles, water stress and abscisic acid.

Journal

Plant Mol Biol 42:833-45 (2000)
DOI:10.1023/a:1006448428401

Reference

4 [PMID:11058750]

Authors

Hieber AD, Bugos RC, Yamamoto HY.

Title

Plant lipocalins: violaxanthin de-epoxidase and zeaxanthin epoxidase.

Journal

Biochim Biophys Acta 1482:84-91 (2000)
DOI:10.1016/S0167-4838(00)00141-2

Reference

5 [PMID:11506368]

Authors

Frommolt R, Goss R, Wilhelm C.

Title

The de-epoxidase and epoxidase reactions of Mantoniella squamata (Prasinophyceae) exhibit different substrate-specific reaction kinetics compared to spinach.

Journal

Planta 213:446-56 (2001)
DOI:10.1007/s004250100589

Reference

Authors

Frommolt R, Goss R, Wilhelm C.

Title

Erratum Report. The de-epoxidase and epoxidase reactions of Mantoniella squamata (Prasinophyceae) exhibit different substrate-specific reaction kinetics compared to spinach.

Journal

Planta 213:492 (2001)

Reference

7 [PMID:12844265]

Authors

Matsubara S, Morosinotto T, Bassi R, Christian AL, Fischer-Schliebs E, Luttge U, Orthen B, Franco AC, Scarano FR, Forster B, Pogson BJ, Osmond CB.

Title

Occurrence of the lutein-epoxide cycle in mistletoes of the Loranthaceae and Viscaceae.

Journal

Planta 217:868-79 (2003)
DOI:10.1007/s00425-003-1059-7

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