KEGG   ENZYME: 1.14.16.2
Entry
EC 1.14.16.2                Enzyme                                 
Name
tyrosine 3-monooxygenase;
L-tyrosine hydroxylase;
tyrosine 3-hydroxylase;
tyrosine hydroxylase
Class
Oxidoreductases;
Acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen;
With reduced pteridine as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen into the other donor
Sysname
L-tyrosine,tetrahydropteridine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
Reaction(IUBMB)
L-tyrosine + a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine + O2 = L-dopa + a 4a-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine [RN:R12541]
Reaction(KEGG)
R12541;
(other) R01815 R07212
Substrate
L-tyrosine [CPD:C00082];
5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine [CPD:C05650];
O2 [CPD:C00007]
Product
L-dopa [CPD:C00355];
4a-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine [CPD:C22239]
Comment
The active centre contains mononuclear iron(II). The enzyme is activated by phosphorylation, catalysed by EC 2.7.11.31, [hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase. The 4a-hydroxytetrahydropteridine formed can dehydrate to 6,7-dihydropteridine, both spontaneously and by the action of EC 4.2.1.96, 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin dehydratase. The 6,7-dihydropteridine must be enzymically reduced back to tetrahydropteridine, by EC 1.5.1.34, 6,7-dihydropteridine reductase, before it slowly rearranges into the more stable but inactive compound 7,8-dihydropteridine.
History
EC 1.14.16.2 created 1972, modified 2003, modified 2019
Pathway
ec00350  Tyrosine metabolism
ec00790  Folate biosynthesis
ec00950  Isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis
ec01100  Metabolic pathways
ec01110  Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites
Orthology
K00501  tyrosine 3-monooxygenase
Genes
HSA7054(TH)
PTR450955(TH)
PPS100967895(TH)
GGO101135345(TH)
PON100454349(TH)
PPYG129007931(TH)
NLE100591963(TH)
HMH116469148(TH)
SSYN129490748(TH)
MCC721137(TH)
MCF102134074(TH)
MTHB126935834
MNI105469782(TH)
CSAB103238895(TH)
CATY105577265(TH)
PANU100997633(TH)
TGE112606566(TH)
MLEU105545321(TH)
RRO104677105(TH)
RBB108539190(TH)
TFN117081144(TH)
PTEH111520620(TH)
CANG105503232(TH)
CJC100393454(TH)
SBQ101037795(TH)
CIMI108288724(TH)
ANAN105719891(TH)
CSYR103250431(TH)
MMUR105859820(TH)
LCAT123642916(TH)
PCOQ105816522(TH)
OGA100957987(TH)
MMU21823(Th)
MCAL110298803(Th)
MPAH110327669(Th)
RNO25085(Th)
MCOC116103251(Th)
ANU117721049(Th)
MUN110547270(Th)
MAUA101823328(Th)
PROB127228573(Th)
PLEU114694083(Th)
MORG121457807(Th)
MFOT126498125
AAMP119826306(Th)
NGI103738985(Th)
HGL101721615(Th)
CPOC100734150(Th)
CCAN109689795(Th)
DORD105989150(Th)
DSP122102061(Th)
NCAR124958984
MMMA107156899(Th)
TUP102482570(TH)
GVR103595280(TH)
CFA403444(TH)
CLUD112663223(TH)
VVP112924141(TH)
VLG121472267(TH)
NPO129503139(TH)
AML100483681(TH)
UMR103671121(TH)
UAH113243914(TH)
UAR123775491(TH)
ELK111149999
LLV125078776
MPUF101682802(TH)
MNP132016827(TH)
MLK131817620(TH)
NVS122914591(TH)
ORO101384343(TH)
EJU114220499(TH)
ZCA113914758(TH)
MLX118015655(TH)
NSU110576077(TH)
LWW102748225(TH)
FCA101090720(TH)
PYU121023849(TH)
PCOO112852062(TH)
PBG122484125(TH)
PVIV125146679(TH)
LRUF124527888
PTG102954972(TH)
PPAD109259420(TH)
PUC125911546
AJU106971078
HHV120226898(TH)
BTA280707(TH)
BOM102274970(TH)
BIU109554672(TH)
BBUB102395073(TH)
CHX102179849(TH)
OAS101120619(TH)
BTAX128068945(TH)
ODA120874169(TH)
CCAD122430977(TH)
MBEZ129548408(TH)
SSC110259705(TH)
CFR102508286(TH)
CBAI105070385(TH)
CDK105106406(TH)
VPC102544796(TH)
BACU103020745(TH)
BMUS118899690(TH)
LVE103086024(TH)
OOR101278256(TH)
DLE111184074(TH)
PCAD102996827(TH)
PSIU116757983(TH)
NASI112402332(TH)
ECB100146648(TH)
EAI106824091(TH)
MYD102756871(TH)
MMYO118659614(TH)
MDT132241615(TH)
PKL118713980(TH)
EFUS103303267(TH)
MNA107539915(TH)
DRO112317145(TH)
SHON118988339(TH)
AJM119057534(TH)
PDIC114500037(TH)
PHAS123807340(TH)
MMF118628135(TH)
PPAM129068492(TH)
HAI109395916(TH)
RFQ117030018(TH)
PGIG120584600(TH)
PVP105299526(TH)
RAY107513264(TH)
MJV108402611(TH)
TOD119248786(TH)
SARA101541321(TH)
SETR126019057(TH)
TMU101347132
ETF101642018(TH)
DNM101426308
MDO100021373
GAS123248657
AFZ127540567
PCW110197189(TH) 110205577
TVP118851357 118854068(TH)
OAA100075982 103167613(TH)
GGA395592(TH) 771761(THL)
PCOC116226760 116242979(TH)
MGP723977(TH)
CJO107314555(TH) 107314887
TPAI128073251 128086190(TH)
LMUT125694615 125694861(TH)
NMEL110398023 110401820(TH)
APLA101794316 101794610(TH)
ACYG106035805 106042638(TH)
CATA118244591(TH) 118254192
AFUL116486466 116490070(TH)
TGU100217613 100219119(TH)
LSR110468651(TH) 110473828
SCAN103819711 103826755(TH)
PMOA120501694 120511421(TH)
OTC121332934 121341537(TH)
PRUF121360967(TH) 121363538
GFR102039412 102044418(TH)
FAB101810723 101811971(TH)
OMA130248316 130253803(TH)
PHI102108161 102111024(TH)
PMAJ107204189 107205413(TH)
CCAE111930777(TH) 111931331
CCW104687428(TH) 104696496
CBRC103618194 103624929(TH)
ETL114056146 114059836(TH)
ZAB102071696 102072945(TH)
ZLE135448604(TH) 135460383
ACHL103802298(TH) 103804380
SVG106853603 106859792(TH)
MMEA130577050(TH)
HRT120752315 120754090(TH)
SATI136361967 136362426(TH)
FPG101912036 101915572(TH)
FCH102049050 102055136(TH)
CCRI104158076 104163520(TH)
NNT104404096 104404956
SHAB115605549 115607482(TH)
ACUN113481167(TH) 113488615
TALA104364913 104367985(TH)
ACHC115351801(TH) 115352761
HALD104322627 104325057(TH)
HLE104829564(TH) 104831043
AGEN126047017 126048030
GCL127017019 127018134
CSTI104553490 104556074(TH)
LDI104348112(TH) 104352213
MNB103768523(TH)
DPUB104296572 104305808(TH)
AVIT104277176 104279701(TH)
BRHI104488945 104501461(TH)
EGZ104124906(TH) 104135597
NNI104010421(TH) 104013376
PCRI104027349 104029163
PCAO104041893 104046435
PADL103920696(TH) 103924526
AFOR103906503 103906716(TH)
FGA104069185(TH) 104069913
GSTE104251003 104259575
CLV102087146 102092212(TH) 110357291
MUI104533898 104541462
PGUU104467547 104472140
PLET104617694 104620102(TH)
EHS104503518 104516694(TH)
CMAC104484559
CUCA104058958 104068902(TH)
TEO104379610(TH) 104383676
BREG104639472(TH) 104642948
OHA104330119(TH) 104338293
ACAR104520875(TH) 104523802
CPEA104394305(TH) 104396082
CVF104288616 104292588(TH)
RTD128906640 128908897(TH)
AAM106488264 106497044(TH)
AROW112972432(TH)
NPD112945235(TH) 112946611
TGT104570707(TH) 104575507
DNE112978953(TH)
SCAM104143749(TH) 104147401
ASN102378400(TH) 102381461
AMJ102563069 102565540(TH)
CPOO109315934 109321480(TH)
GGN109296410 109299169(TH)
PSS102444955(TH) 102446096
CMY102935321(TH) 102941678
CCAY125627430 125638880(TH)
DCC119856605 119857224(TH)
CPIC101937054(TH) 101942670
TST117870626 117877299(TH)
CABI116819344(TH) 116819879
MRV120370067 120404504(TH)
ACS100561541(th) 100562555
ASAO132770987(TH) 132775713
PVT110076553(TH) 110084772
SUND121922073(TH) 121930910
PBI103048677 103061496(TH)
PMUR107289468 107294041(TH)
CTIG120305852 120311347(TH)
TSR106542491 106546997(TH)
PGUT117655512 117665229(TH)
APRI131188891(TH) 131202575
PTEX113438075 113440206(TH)
NSS113412546(TH) 113430512
VKO123021236(TH) 123028824
PMUA114599115(TH) 114605512
PRAF128416303(TH) 128422499
ZVI118089163(TH) 118091167
HCG128327450 128340985(TH)
GJA107108457(TH) 107119992
STOW125425715(TH) 125435334
EMC129324543(TH) 129335831
XLA100037248(th.S) 108710245(th2.L) 108713461(th.L)
XTR100488900(th) 100495856(th2)
NPR108789610 108791996(TH)
RTEM120917287(TH) 120932127
BBUF120980402(TH) 120987072
BGAR122920671(TH) 122925950
MUO115468008(TH) 115477798
GSH117351959(TH) 117363672
DRE30384(th) 414844(th2)
SRX107707537 107725618(pah) 107740562 107744916
SANH107664872 107675254(th) 107688572 107695848
SGH107553859(th) 107572878 107587609 107590157
CCAR109068217 109068347 109077513
CAUA113043589 113062808 113067107 113075326
CGIB127946712 127956588 128013814
PTET122330744(th) 122342852(th2)
LROH127156953(th) 127163859(th2)
OMC131534261(th) 131538892(th2)
PPRM120473330(th) 120477034(th2)
RKG130072230(th2) 130086004(th)
MAMB125244962(th2) 125247737(th)
CIDE127507221 127511004
CERY137014502(th) 137024434(th2)
MASI127435640 127436747 127437842
TROS130548155(th2) 130551496(th)
TDW130414100(th) 130420954(th2)
MANU129432206(th2) 129434402(th)
IPU108274586(th) 108279869(th2)
IFU128618514(th) 128623226(th2)
PHYP113529896(th) 113532096
SMEO124391871(th) 124401251(th2)
TFD113651566(th2) 113660155(th)
TVC132856839(th) 132859379(th2)
TRN134314822(th2) 134316883(th)
AMEX103023599(th) 103026162(th2)
CMAO118811537(th) 118812607(th2)
EEE113584590 113589509(th)
CHAR105900747(th) 105902612(th2)
TRU101078018(th) 446095
TFS130519131(th2) 130536698(th)
TNGGSTEN00019792G001 GSTEN00023797G001
LCO104920475(th) 104926293
NCC104945813 104966229(th)
TBEN117485068(th2) 117491252(th)
CGOB115009621(th) 115028288
PGEO117439143(th2) 117447500(th)
GACU117545933(th) 117552492(th2)
EMAC134879228(th2) 134880572(th)
ELY117249390(th2) 117261762(th)
EFO125882935(th2) 125888114(th)
PLEP121949711(th) 121961151(th2)
SLUC116038785(th) 116060201(th2)
ECRA117938735(th2) 117948912(th)
ESP116673350 116693998
PFLV114550010 114560170(th)
GAT120809587(th) 120818263(th2)
PPUG119196712(th) 119210571(th2)
AFB129108195(th) 129112337(th2)
CLUM117726085(th2) 117732290(th)
PSWI130195323(th) 130200514(th2)
MSAM119894432(th) 119917964(th2)
SCHU122871197(th2) 122875321(th)
CUD121505421(th2) 121515137(th)
ALAT119024333(th) 119032200(th2)
MZE101468237(th) 101477829
ONL100702996 100708687(th)
OAU116325448(th2) 116328933(th)
OLA101168664(th2) 101171548(th)
OML112152448(th) 112159073(th2)
CSAI133423792(th2) 133444693(th)
XMA102222085 102222392(th)
XCO114150851(th) 114160620
XHE116729483(th) 116737013
PRET103459397 103466160(th)
PFOR103140260 103144430(th)
PLAI106959916(th) 106960764
PMEI106905257(th) 106925437
GAF122826240(th2) 122834999(th)
PPRL129351518(th2) 129367031(th)
CVG107085478 107089460(th)
CTUL119781003(th2) 119796768(th)
GMU124879160(th) 124882783(th2)
NFU107386767 107389022(th)
KMR108233218(th2) 108237537(th)
ALIM106515667(th) 106530261
NWH119415586(th)
AOCE111582533(th) 111586653
MCEP125000310(th2) 125014315(th)
CSEM103380366 103382582
POV109638922(th) 109640773
SSEN122766054(th2) 122775716(th)
HHIP117757137(th2) 117763623(th)
HSP118101559(th2) 118109722(th)
PPLT128428671(th2) 128444550(th)
SMAU118293287(th2) 118315918(th)
LCF108875328 108897565(th2)
SDU111224521 111228409(th)
SLAL111661851(th) 111664688
XGL120793270(th) 120799032(th2)
HCQ109530099 109530311(th)
SSCV125970525 125992294
SBIA133493389(th2) 133501919(th)
PEE133397075(th2) 133402871(th)
PTAO133471847(th2) 133478228(th)
BPEC110161487 110165894(th)
MALB109967816 109967893(th)
BSPL114857385(th) 114861698(th2)
SJO128353460(th2) 128359117(th)
SASA106560700(th) 106576278 106609447
STRU115197203(th) 115198942
OTW112214922 112218383(th)
OMY110490795(th) 110500050(th2)
OGO124014251 124040720(th)
ONE115133706 115134621(th)
OKI109867772(th) 109896376
OKE118365892 118392479 118396296(th)
SALP111961998(th) 111982828
SNH120049945 120066029(th)
CCLU121532008(th) 121549008 121579002 123484263
ELS105026610(th) 105030168
SFM108931392 108942201(th)
PKI111846560 111859412(th)
AANG118215238 118227840(th) 118232061(th2)
LOC102688831(th)
PSPA121294872 121319106(th2) 121330128
ARUT117415781(th2) 117432410 117435126
PSEX120523309(th) 120534263(th2)
LCM102350473 102363425
CMK103179919(th2) 103186002(th)
RTP109914089(th) 109914147(th2)
CPLA122557926(th) 122559408(th2)
HOC132824162(th) 132825033(th2)
LERI129705837(th) 129706325(th2)
PMRN103091799
LRJ133350419
BFO118407893
BBEL109477347
CIN493867(th)
SCLV120331903
SPU581094
LPIC129282398
APLC110973102 110983460
ARUN117291845
AJC117104885
SKO100329060(TH)
DMEDmel_CG10118(ple)
DER6544948
DSE6611046
DSIDsimw501_GD13115(Dsim_GD13115)
DYADyak_GE20472
DAN6493759
DSR110178770
DPO4811895
DPE6601668
DMN108153568
DWI6645135
DGR6558407
DMODmoj_GI12682
DAZ108614271
DNV108652194
DHE111600489
DVI6623552
CCAT101450123
BOD106624120
BDR105224770
RZE108379189 108380146
AOQ129240806
TDA119675648
MDE101896218
SCAC106094605
LCQ111683620
LSQ119614015
GFS119631501
ECOE129944428
CLON129613871
HIS119648026
AGA1276690
ACOZ120949126
AARA120908669
AMER121592380
ASTE118510885
AFUN125769985
AMOU128305230
AALI118467698
AAG23687518
AALB109413955
ASUA134218485
CQUCpipJ_CPIJ014156
CPII120412867
CNS116345444
BCOO119083661
AME408930(TyHyd)
ACER107999422
ALAB122716565
ADR102675778
AFLR100864635
BIM100750025
BBIF117213312
BVK117235037
BVAN117158685
BTER100646624
BAFF126914226
BPYO122568852
BPAS132904520
FVI122536943
CCAL108629537
OBB114876902
OLG117604993
MGEN117228419
NMEA116424395
CGIG122401921
SOC105194448
MPHA105838942
AEC105145056
ACEP105619344
PBAR105423652
VEM105567121
HST105182098
DQU106750925
CFO105248912
FEX115232865
LHU105678075(ple)
PGC109861504
OBO105279021
PCF106786223
PFUC122514164
VPS122634890
VCRB124430347
NVI100116056
CSOL105360534
TPRE106652462
LHT122502811
LBD127282433
MDL103574339
CGLO123266818
FAS105264303
DAM107047468
AGIF122856602
CINS118066671
VCAN122417100
CCIN107269432
DSM124405093
NPT124213463
NFB124176386
NLO107220784
NVG124299343
AROA105693613
TCA654918(Th)
DPA109541904
SOY115889862
AGRG126739176
ATD109599398
CSET123310691
AGB108910114
LDC111515317
NVL108569991
DCOR135793552
APLN108732435
PPYR116173388
OTU111418800
BMOR100270767(Th)
BMAN114244521
MSEX115441153
DPLKGM_206781
BANY112049720
MJU123880229
NIQ126780491
VCD124543014
MCIX123668407
PMAC106717258
PPOT106104489
PXU106126313
PRAP110997603
PBX123718579
PNAP125062417
ZCE119835458
CCRC123705173
LSIN126978466
AAGE121739502
HAW110377808
HZE124645257
TNL113493935
SLIU111360781
OFU114361187
ATRA106133819
GMW113517529
PXY105380496(Th)
PGW126380728
LGLY125241052
CFEL113378427
CCRN123294710
API100167369
DNX107161975
AGS114123079
RMD113554456
ACOO126833176
DVT126908407
BTAB109044321
DCI103505706 103521760
CLEC106664402
HHAL106690021(ple)
NLU111049383
HVI124358686
MQU128994132 128994151
PHUPhum_PHUM501080
FOC113202097
TPAL117653756
ZNE110829545
CSEC111866340
SGRE126365745
BROR134534028
IEL124158941
FCD110862051
DPXDAPPUDRAFT_323742
DMK116920573
DPZ124338116
PVM113810884
PJA122264525
PCHN125045583
PMOO119584343
HAME121861638
PCLA123762215
CQD128693314
PTRU123520445
ESN126998376
MNZ135225659
HAZT108677274
EAF111708445
LSM121120410
TCF131877601
PPOI119091559
DSV119464389
RSAN119401301
RMP119165146 119184285
VDE111252586
VJA111263052
TUT107359687
DPTE113794892
DFR124493869
CSCU111638578
CVS136972802(ple)
PTEP107442680 107453388
ABRU129963917 129965778
UDV129231642 129232636
SDM118183488 118190672
LPOL106462240
PMEO129601922
CELCELE_B0432.5(cat-2)
CBRCBG_07026(Cbr-cat-2)
CRQGCK72_007931
BMYBM_BM4930(Bma-cat-2)
LOALOAG_02149
TSPTsp_12013
HROHELRODRAFT_66944
LGILOTGIDRAFT_106041
PVUL126810984
PCAN112566735
BGT106070594
GAE121372643
HRF124125606
HRJ124259093
CRG105337798 117691858
CANU128186197
CVN111100427 111100428
OED125673915
MYI110459086
PMAX117327869
MCAF127724326
MMER123551673
RPHI132727655
DPOL127847910 127848568
MAEA128238731
OBI106871451
OSN115215438
LJP135472786
LAK106153195 106158393
SMMSmp_007690
SHXMS3_00010321
OVIT265_08520
LLON135487650
 » show all
Reference
1  [PMID:6133218]
  Authors
El Mestikawy S, Glowinski J, Hamon M.
  Title
Tyrosine hydroxylase activation in depolarized dopaminergic terminals--involvement of Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation.
  Journal
Nature 302:830-2 (1983)
DOI:10.1038/302830a0
Reference
2  [PMID:6033458]
  Authors
Ikeda M, Levitt M, Udenfriend S.
  Title
Phenylalanine as substrate and inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase.
  Journal
Arch Biochem Biophys 120:420-7 (1967)
DOI:10.1016/0003-9861(67)90259-7
Reference
3  [PMID:14216443]
  Authors
NAGATSU T, LEVITT M, UDENFRIEND S.
  Title
TYROSINE HYDROXYLASE. THE INITIAL STEP IN NOREPINEPHRINE BIOSYNTHESIS.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 239:2910-7 (1964)
Reference
4  [PMID:2872947]
  Authors
Pigeon D, Drissi-Daoudi R, Gros F, Thibault J.
  Title
[Copurification of tyrosine hydroxylase from rat pheochromocytoma by protein kinase]
  Journal
C R Acad Sci III 302:435-8 (1986)
Reference
5  [PMID:9228951]
  Authors
Goodwill KE, Sabatier C, Marks C, Raag R, Fitzpatrick PF, Stevens RC.
  Title
Crystal structure of tyrosine hydroxylase at 2.3 A and its implications for inherited neurodegenerative diseases.
  Journal
Nat Struct Biol 4:578-85 (1997)
DOI:10.1038/nsb0797-578
  Sequence
[rno:25085]
Other DBs
ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database: 1.14.16.2
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature: 1.14.16.2
ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database: 1.14.16.2
BRENDA, the Enzyme Database: 1.14.16.2
CAS: 9036-22-0
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