Entry
Name
tyrosine 3-monooxygenase;
L-tyrosine hydroxylase;
tyrosine 3-hydroxylase;
tyrosine hydroxylase
Class
Oxidoreductases;
Acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen;
With reduced pteridine as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen into the other donor
BRITE hierarchy
Sysname
L-tyrosine,tetrahydropteridine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
Reaction(IUBMB)
L-tyrosine + a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine + O2 = L-dopa + a 4a-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine [RN:
R12541 ]
Reaction(KEGG)
Substrate
Product
L-dopa [CPD:
C00355 ];
4a-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine [CPD:
C22239 ]
Comment
The active centre contains mononuclear iron(II). The enzyme is activated by phosphorylation, catalysed by EC
2.7.11.31 , [hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase. The 4a-hydroxytetrahydropteridine formed can dehydrate to 6,7-dihydropteridine, both spontaneously and by the action of EC
4.2.1.96 , 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin dehydratase. The 6,7-dihydropteridine must be enzymically reduced back to tetrahydropteridine, by EC
1.5.1.34 , 6,7-dihydropteridine reductase, before it slowly rearranges into the more stable but inactive compound 7,8-dihydropteridine.
History
EC 1.14.16.2 created 1972, modified 2003, modified 2019
Pathway
ec00950 Isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis
ec01110 Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites
Orthology
K00501 tyrosine 3-monooxygenase
Genes
PCW : 110197189(TH) 110205577
TVP : 118851357 118854068(TH)
OAA : 100075982 103167613(TH)
GGA : 395592(TH) 771761(THL)
PCOC : 116226760 116242979(TH)
CJO : 107314555(TH) 107314887
TPAI : 128073251 128086190(TH)
LMUT : 125694615 125694861(TH)
NMEL : 110398023 110401820(TH)
APLA : 101794316 101794610(TH)
ACYG : 106035805 106042638(TH)
CATA : 118244591(TH) 118254192
AFUL : 116486466 116490070(TH)
TGU : 100217613 100219119(TH)
LSR : 110468651(TH) 110473828
SCAN : 103819711 103826755(TH)
PMOA : 120501694 120511421(TH)
OTC : 121332934 121341537(TH)
PRUF : 121360967(TH) 121363538
GFR : 102039412 102044418(TH)
FAB : 101810723 101811971(TH)
OMA : 130248316 130253803(TH)
PHI : 102108161 102111024(TH)
PMAJ : 107204189 107205413(TH)
CCAE : 111930777(TH) 111931331
CCW : 104687428(TH) 104696496
CBRC : 103618194 103624929(TH)
ETL : 114056146 114059836(TH)
ZAB : 102071696 102072945(TH)
ZLE : 135448604(TH) 135460383
ACHL : 103802298(TH) 103804380
SVG : 106853603 106859792(TH)
HRT : 120752315 120754090(TH)
SATI : 136361967 136362426(TH)
FPG : 101912036 101915572(TH)
FCH : 102049050 102055136(TH)
CCRI : 104158076 104163520(TH)
SHAB : 115605549 115607482(TH)
ACUN : 113481167(TH) 113488615
TALA : 104364913 104367985(TH)
ACHC : 115351801(TH) 115352761
HALD : 104322627 104325057(TH)
HLE : 104829564(TH) 104831043
AGEN : 126047017 126048030
CSTI : 104553490 104556074(TH)
LDI : 104348112(TH) 104352213
DPUB : 104296572 104305808(TH)
AVIT : 104277176 104279701(TH)
BRHI : 104488945 104501461(TH)
EGZ : 104124906(TH) 104135597
NNI : 104010421(TH) 104013376
PCRI : 104027349 104029163
PCAO : 104041893 104046435
PADL : 103920696(TH) 103924526
AFOR : 103906503 103906716(TH)
FGA : 104069185(TH) 104069913
GSTE : 104251003 104259575
CLV : 102087146 102092212(TH) 110357291
PGUU : 104467547 104472140
PLET : 104617694 104620102(TH)
EHS : 104503518 104516694(TH)
CUCA : 104058958 104068902(TH)
TEO : 104379610(TH) 104383676
BREG : 104639472(TH) 104642948
OHA : 104330119(TH) 104338293
ACAR : 104520875(TH) 104523802
CPEA : 104394305(TH) 104396082
CVF : 104288616 104292588(TH)
RTD : 128906640 128908897(TH)
AAM : 106488264 106497044(TH)
NPD : 112945235(TH) 112946611
TGT : 104570707(TH) 104575507
SCAM : 104143749(TH) 104147401
ASN : 102378400(TH) 102381461
AMJ : 102563069 102565540(TH)
CPOO : 109315934 109321480(TH)
GGN : 109296410 109299169(TH)
PSS : 102444955(TH) 102446096
CMY : 102935321(TH) 102941678
CCAY : 125627430 125638880(TH)
DCC : 119856605 119857224(TH)
CPIC : 101937054(TH) 101942670
TST : 117870626 117877299(TH)
CABI : 116819344(TH) 116819879
MRV : 120370067 120404504(TH)
ACS : 100561541(th) 100562555
ASAO : 132770987(TH) 132775713
PVT : 110076553(TH) 110084772
SUND : 121922073(TH) 121930910
PBI : 103048677 103061496(TH)
PMUR : 107289468 107294041(TH)
CTIG : 120305852 120311347(TH)
TSR : 106542491 106546997(TH)
PGUT : 117655512 117665229(TH)
APRI : 131188891(TH) 131202575
PTEX : 113438075 113440206(TH)
NSS : 113412546(TH) 113430512
VKO : 123021236(TH) 123028824
PMUA : 114599115(TH) 114605512
PRAF : 128416303(TH) 128422499
ZVI : 118089163(TH) 118091167
HCG : 128327450 128340985(TH)
GJA : 107108457(TH) 107119992
STOW : 125425715(TH) 125435334
EMC : 129324543(TH) 129335831
XLA : 100037248(th.S) 108710245(th2.L) 108713461(th.L)
XTR : 100488900(th) 100495856(th2)
NPR : 108789610 108791996(TH)
RTEM : 120917287(TH) 120932127
BBUF : 120980402(TH) 120987072
BGAR : 122920671(TH) 122925950
MUO : 115468008(TH) 115477798
GSH : 117351959(TH) 117363672
DRE : 30384(th) 414844(th2)
SRX : 107707537 107725618(pah) 107740562 107744916
SANH : 107664872 107675254(th) 107688572 107695848
SGH : 107553859(th) 107572878 107587609 107590157
CCAR : 109068217 109068347 109077513
CAUA : 113043589 113062808 113067107 113075326
CGIB : 127946712 127956588 128013814
PTET : 122330744(th) 122342852(th2)
LROH : 127156953(th) 127163859(th2)
OMC : 131534261(th) 131538892(th2)
PPRM : 120473330(th) 120477034(th2)
RKG : 130072230(th2) 130086004(th)
MAMB : 125244962(th2) 125247737(th)
CIDE : 127507221 127511004
CERY : 137014502(th) 137024434(th2)
MASI : 127435640 127436747 127437842
TROS : 130548155(th2) 130551496(th)
TDW : 130414100(th) 130420954(th2)
MANU : 129432206(th2) 129434402(th)
IPU : 108274586(th) 108279869(th2)
IFU : 128618514(th) 128623226(th2)
PHYP : 113529896(th) 113532096
SMEO : 124391871(th) 124401251(th2)
TFD : 113651566(th2) 113660155(th)
TVC : 132856839(th) 132859379(th2)
TRN : 134314822(th2) 134316883(th)
AMEX : 103023599(th) 103026162(th2)
CMAO : 118811537(th) 118812607(th2)
EEE : 113584590 113589509(th)
CHAR : 105900747(th) 105902612(th2)
TRU : 101078018(th) 446095
TFS : 130519131(th2) 130536698(th)
TNG : GSTEN00019792G001 GSTEN00023797G001
LCO : 104920475(th) 104926293
NCC : 104945813 104966229(th)
TBEN : 117485068(th2) 117491252(th)
CGOB : 115009621(th) 115028288
PGEO : 117439143(th2) 117447500(th)
GACU : 117545933(th) 117552492(th2)
EMAC : 134879228(th2) 134880572(th)
ELY : 117249390(th2) 117261762(th)
EFO : 125882935(th2) 125888114(th)
PLEP : 121949711(th) 121961151(th2)
SLUC : 116038785(th) 116060201(th2)
ECRA : 117938735(th2) 117948912(th)
PFLV : 114550010 114560170(th)
GAT : 120809587(th) 120818263(th2)
PPUG : 119196712(th) 119210571(th2)
AFB : 129108195(th) 129112337(th2)
CLUM : 117726085(th2) 117732290(th)
PSWI : 130195323(th) 130200514(th2)
MSAM : 119894432(th) 119917964(th2)
SCHU : 122871197(th2) 122875321(th)
CUD : 121505421(th2) 121515137(th)
ALAT : 119024333(th) 119032200(th2)
MZE : 101468237(th) 101477829
ONL : 100702996 100708687(th)
OAU : 116325448(th2) 116328933(th)
OLA : 101168664(th2) 101171548(th)
OML : 112152448(th) 112159073(th2)
CSAI : 133423792(th2) 133444693(th)
XMA : 102222085 102222392(th)
XCO : 114150851(th) 114160620
XHE : 116729483(th) 116737013
PRET : 103459397 103466160(th)
PFOR : 103140260 103144430(th)
PLAI : 106959916(th) 106960764
PMEI : 106905257(th) 106925437
GAF : 122826240(th2) 122834999(th)
PPRL : 129351518(th2) 129367031(th)
CVG : 107085478 107089460(th)
CTUL : 119781003(th2) 119796768(th)
GMU : 124879160(th) 124882783(th2)
NFU : 107386767 107389022(th)
KMR : 108233218(th2) 108237537(th)
ALIM : 106515667(th) 106530261
AOCE : 111582533(th) 111586653
MCEP : 125000310(th2) 125014315(th)
CSEM : 103380366 103382582
POV : 109638922(th) 109640773
SSEN : 122766054(th2) 122775716(th)
HHIP : 117757137(th2) 117763623(th)
HSP : 118101559(th2) 118109722(th)
PPLT : 128428671(th2) 128444550(th)
SMAU : 118293287(th2) 118315918(th)
LCF : 108875328 108897565(th2)
SDU : 111224521 111228409(th)
SLAL : 111661851(th) 111664688
XGL : 120793270(th) 120799032(th2)
HCQ : 109530099 109530311(th)
SSCV : 125970525 125992294
SBIA : 133493389(th2) 133501919(th)
PEE : 133397075(th2) 133402871(th)
PTAO : 133471847(th2) 133478228(th)
BPEC : 110161487 110165894(th)
MALB : 109967816 109967893(th)
BSPL : 114857385(th) 114861698(th2)
SJO : 128353460(th2) 128359117(th)
SASA : 106560700(th) 106576278 106609447
STRU : 115197203(th) 115198942
OTW : 112214922 112218383(th)
OMY : 110490795(th) 110500050(th2)
OGO : 124014251 124040720(th)
ONE : 115133706 115134621(th)
OKI : 109867772(th) 109896376
OKE : 118365892 118392479 118396296(th)
SALP : 111961998(th) 111982828
SNH : 120049945 120066029(th)
CCLU : 121532008(th) 121549008 121579002 123484263
ELS : 105026610(th) 105030168
SFM : 108931392 108942201(th)
PKI : 111846560 111859412(th)
AANG : 118215238 118227840(th) 118232061(th2)
PSPA : 121294872 121319106(th2) 121330128
ARUT : 117415781(th2) 117432410 117435126
PSEX : 120523309(th) 120534263(th2)
CMK : 103179919(th2) 103186002(th)
RTP : 109914089(th) 109914147(th2)
CPLA : 122557926(th) 122559408(th2)
HOC : 132824162(th) 132825033(th2)
LERI : 129705837(th) 129706325(th2)
APLC : 110973102 110983460
DSI : Dsimw501_GD13115(Dsim_GD13115)
PTEP : 107442680 107453388
ABRU : 129963917 129965778
CBR : CBG_07026(Cbr-cat-2)
BMY : BM_BM4930(Bma-cat-2)
DPOL : 127847910 127848568
» show all
Taxonomy
Reference
Authors
El Mestikawy S, Glowinski J, Hamon M.
Title
Tyrosine hydroxylase activation in depolarized dopaminergic terminals--involvement of Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ikeda M, Levitt M, Udenfriend S.
Title
Phenylalanine as substrate and inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase.
Journal
Reference
Authors
NAGATSU T, LEVITT M, UDENFRIEND S.
Title
TYROSINE HYDROXYLASE. THE INITIAL STEP IN NOREPINEPHRINE BIOSYNTHESIS.
Journal
J Biol Chem 239:2910-7 (1964)
Reference
Authors
Pigeon D, Drissi-Daoudi R, Gros F, Thibault J.
Title
[Copurification of tyrosine hydroxylase from rat pheochromocytoma by protein kinase]
Journal
C R Acad Sci III 302:435-8 (1986)
Reference
Authors
Goodwill KE, Sabatier C, Marks C, Raag R, Fitzpatrick PF, Stevens RC.
Title
Crystal structure of tyrosine hydroxylase at 2.3 A and its implications for inherited neurodegenerative diseases.
Journal
Sequence
Other DBs
ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database: 1.14.16.2
LinkDB
All DBs