KEGG   ENZYME: 3.2.1.62
Entry
EC 3.2.1.62                 Enzyme                                 
Name
glycosylceramidase;
phlorizin hydrolase;
phloretin-glucosidase;
glycosyl ceramide glycosylhydrolase;
cerebrosidase;
phloridzin beta-glucosidase;
lactase-phlorizin hydrolase;
phloridzin glucosidase;
LPH (gene name);
LCT (gene name);
glycosyl-N-acylsphingosine glycohydrolase
Class
Hydrolases;
Glycosylases;
Glycosidases, i.e. enzymes that hydrolyse O- and S-glycosyl compounds
Sysname
beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine glycohydrolase (configuration-retaining)
Reaction(IUBMB)
(1) a beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine + H2O = a ceramide + beta-D-glucose [RN:R12969];
(2) a beta-D-galactosyl-N-acylsphingosine + H2O = a ceramide + beta-D-galactose [RN:R12970];
(3) a flavonoid-O-beta-D-glucoside + H2O = a flavonoid + beta-D-glucose
Reaction(KEGG)
R12969 R12970
Substrate
beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine [CPD:C01190];
H2O [CPD:C00001];
beta-D-galactosyl-N-acylsphingosine [CPD:C02686];
flavonoid-O-beta-D-glucoside
Product
ceramide [CPD:C00195];
beta-D-glucose [CPD:C00221];
beta-D-galactose [CPD:C00962];
flavonoid [CPD:C01579]
Comment
The enzyme, found in the intestinal mucosa, hydrolyses beta-D-glucosyl and beta-D-galactosyl residues from a very broad range of substrates using a retaining mechanism. Characterized substrates include glucosyl- and galactosyl-ceramides [3], O3-, O4'- and O7-glucosylated flavonoids [6], and the 2'-O-glucosylated dihydrochalcone phlorizin [1]. The enzyme includes two glycosyl hydrolase domains, both belonging to the GH1 family. While one domain is responsible for the activity described here, the other catalyses the reaction of EC 3.2.1.108, lactase [4,5]. cf. EC 3.2.1.45, glucosylceramidase and EC 3.2.1.46, galactosylceramidase.
History
EC 3.2.1.62 created 1972, modified 1976, modified 2022
Orthology
K01229  lactase-phlorizin hydrolase
Genes
HSA3938(LCT)
PTR459633(LCT)
PPS100993974(LCT)
GGO101136936(LCT)
PON100450303(LCT)
NLE100602088(LCT)
HMH116462849(LCT)
MCC707761(LCT)
MCF102141036(LCT)
MTHB126932258
MNI105492565(LCT)
CSAB103216991(LCT)
CATY105590352(LCT)
PANU101022382(LCT)
TGE112636379(LCT)
MLEU105532195(LCT)
RRO104665436(LCT)
RBB108539586(LCT)
TFN117095069(LCT)
PTEH111527488(LCT)
CANG105508813(LCT)
CJC100408648(LCT)
SBQ101044226(LCT)
CIMI108293356(LCT)
CSYR103263113(LCT)
MMUR105857603(LCT)
LCAT123643641(LCT)
PCOQ105815373(LCT)
OGA100944107(LCT)
MMU226413(Lct)
MCAL110304188(Lct)
MPAH110322545(Lct)
RNO116569(Lct)
MCOC116098602(Lct)
ANU117716486(Lct)
MUN110555417(Lct)
CGE100766856(Lct)
MAUA101828124(Lct)
PROB127236450(Lct)
PLEU114696961(Lct)
MORG121446300 121446324 121446359
MFOT126504990
AAMP119827729 119827814 119827830
NGI103734619(Lct)
HGL101697396(Lct)
CPOC100732160(Lct)
DORD105996629(Lct)
DSP122110822(Lct)
PLOP125350733(Lct)
NCAR124980608
MMMA107136606(Lct)
OCU100009256(LPH) 100352497 100353264
OPI101519618 101519868 101520351
TUP102470311(LCT)
GVR103610021(LCT)
CFA483898(LCT)
CLUD112649763(LCT)
VVP112932617(LCT)
VLG121481866(LCT)
NPO129503765(LCT)
AML100484153(LCT)
UMR103667712(LCT)
UAH113263420(LCT)
UAR123782596(LCT)
ELK111143551
LLV125095933
MPUF101676191(LCT)
MNP132013924(LCT)
MLK131826962(LCT)
NVS122902701(LCT)
ORO101373825(LCT)
EJU114207344(LCT)
ZCA113920630(LCT)
MLX118012500(LCT)
NSU110585741(LCT)
LWW102749114(LCT)
FCA101092452(LCT)
PYU121030495(LCT)
PCOO112865772(LCT)
PBG122479372(LCT)
LRUF124516018
PTG102949288(LCT)
PPAD109270343(LCT)
PUC125911425
AJU106969449
HHV120230375(LCT)
BTA514332(LCT)
BOM102279578(LCT)
BIU109568203(LCT)
BBUB102410227(LCT)
BBIS104998486(LCT)
CHX102170472(LCT)
OAS101104042(LCT)
BTAX128043741(LCT)
ODA120854489(LCT)
CCAD122453560(LCT)
MBEZ129537793(LCT)
SSC100625807(LCT) 100625897
CFR102513047(LCT)
CBAI105083393(LCT)
CDK105092305(LCT)
VPC102532468(LCT)
BACU103003658(LCT)
LVE103074579(LCT)
OOR101270599(LCT)
DLE111172712(LCT)
PCAD102988992(LCT)
PSIU116756492(LCT)
NASI112412418(LCT)
ECB100055369(LCT)
EPZ103548925(LCT)
EAI106836543(LCT)
MYB102246527(LCT)
MYD102761793(LCT)
MMYO118662079(LCT)
MLF102430551(LCT)
MNA107531139(LCT)
PKL118709739(LCT)
EFUS103287808(LCT)
HAI109392715(LCT)
DRO112313063(LCT)
SHON118974532(LCT)
AJM119040600(LCT)
PDIC114495149(LCT)
PHAS123810272(LCT)
MMF118625706(LCT)
RFQ117025498(LCT)
PPAM129061964(LCT)
PALE102887366(LCT)
PGIG120611943(LCT)
PVP105288339(LCT)
RAY107511200(LCT)
MJV108405363(LCT)
TOD119255787(LCT)
SARA101545875(LCT)
LAV100661599(LCT)
TMU101348169
ETF101659833(LCT)
DNM101441621(LCT)
MDO100016393(LCT)
GAS123241493(LCT)
SHR100933904(LCT)
AFZ127554360
PCW110223786(LCT)
OAA100084941(LCT)
GGA424294(LCT)
PCOC116227271(LCT)
MGP100540699(LCT)
CJO107316868(LCT)
TPAI128076739 128076758(LCT)
LMUT125696719(LCT)
NMEL110399364(LCT)
APLA101799746(LCT)
ACYG106039329(LCT)
CATA118252584(LCT)
AFUL116490699(LCT)
TGU100229941(LCT)
LSR110480639(LCT)
SCAN103814626(LCT)
PMOA120501755(LCT)
OTC121337155(LCT)
PRUF121356606(LCT)
GFR102041259(LCT)
FAB101814034(LCT)
OMA130255396(LCT)
PHI102100057(LCT)
PMAJ107207677(LCT)
CCAE111932317(LCT)
CCW104694217(LCT)
CBRC103619703(LCT)
ETL114057697(LCT)
ZAB102069527(LCT)
ACHL103797517(LCT)
SVG106849901(LCT)
MMEA130573792(LCT)
HRT120755091(LCT)
FPG101921531(LCT)
FCH102058755(LCT)
CLV102086420(LCT)
EGZ104129535(LCT)
NNI104009760(LCT)
PCRI104026793(LCT)
PLET104616147(LCT)
EHS104506311(LCT)
PCAO104053764(LCT)
ACUN113482159(LCT)
TALA104368387(LCT)
PADL103912627(LCT)
AFOR103899524(LCT)
ACHC115342953(LCT)
HALD104323141(LCT)
HLE104836526(LCT)
AGEN126042537
GCL127018545
CCRI104157657(LCT)
CSTI104559163(LCT)
CMAC104479709(LCT)
MUI104545327(LCT)
BREG104640666(LCT)
FGA104076580(LCT)
GSTE104255215(LCT)
LDI104349434(LCT)
MNB103775982(LCT)
OHA104333255(LCT)
NNT104411659(LCT)
SHAB115608691(LCT)
DPUB104296940(LCT)
PGUU104467528(LCT)
ACAR104532723(LCT)
CPEA104391143(LCT)
AVIT104277503(LCT)
CVF104287949(LCT)
RTD128912463(LCT)
CUCA104065226(LCT)
BRHI104488766(LCT)
AAM106498455(LCT)
AROW112977064(LCT)
NPD112948593(LCT)
TGT104565650(LCT)
DNE112988323(LCT)
SCAM104145714(LCT)
ASN102370133(LCT)
AMJ102576031(LCT)
CPOO109323207(LCT)
GGN109301357(LCT)
PSS102456860(LCT)
CMY102946778(LCT)
CCAY125645164(LCT)
DCC119863237(LCT)
CPIC101933763(LCT)
TST117885118(LCT)
CABI116826106(LCT)
MRV120374328(LCT)
ACS103279188(lct)
ASAO132761769(LCT)
PVT110071879(LCT)
SUND121925981(LCT)
PBI103054678(LCT)
PMUR107284386(LCT)
CTIG120307504(LCT)
TSR106540054(LCT)
PGUT117669655(LCT)
APRI131203696(LCT)
PTEX113445465(LCT)
NSS113410676(LCT)
VKO123027553(LCT)
PMUA114604625(LCT)
PRAF128422073(LCT)
ZVI118092494(LCT)
HCG128328212(LCT)
GJA107115411(LCT)
STOW125426237(LCT)
EMC129324486(LCT)
XLA100127248(lct.1.L) 100127291(lct.2.L)
XTR100145766(lct.2) 101732850
NPR108791336 108791337
RTEM120944145 120944146
BBUF121008829(LCT) 121008830
BGAR122944682 122944685
MUO115475128(LCT)
GSH117361638(LCT)
DRE559107 796436(lct)
SRX107739717 107741586
SANH107688954 107704822
SGH107601359 107601360
CAUA113108294 113108295
CGIB127964591 127964593
PTET122351748 122352042
LROH127170782 127170873
OMC131546619 131546620 131546621 131546622 131546623
PPRM120485547 120487230
RKG130084491 130097216 130099787
MAMB125245778 125245780 125270691
CIDE127510573 127519288
MASI127447370
TROS130555946
TDW130427662 130427691
MANU129451496
IPU108266116
IFU128609044
PHYP113525948(lct)
SMEO124380192
TFD113654132
TVC132850354
AMEX103029218(lct)
CMAO118807452
EEE113577223(lct)
CHAR105907898 105907899
TRU101076621
TFS130529775 130529793
LCO104939725(lct)
NCC104954911(lct)
TBEN117485876 117485937
CGOB115026493(lct)
PGEO117466341 117466342
GACU117541578 117541579
ELY117248075 117251770
EFO125899187 125899188
PLEP121949084 121949085
SLUC116044576 116044580
ECRA117953249
ESP116687473(lct)
PFLV114563686 114564430
GAT120834464 120834490
PPUG119229302
AFB129104896 129104897
CLUM117750622
MSAM119903852
SCHU122885239
CUD121522156 121522288 121522602
ALAT119025751 119026172
MZE101465201 101465483
ONL100703330 100703603 100703875 102080755
OAU116324944 116324945 116324946 116333422
OLA101171223(lct)
OML112155270 112155271 112155272
XMA102216752 102217013 102223171(lct)
XCO114147565 114147571 114147572
XHE116722850 116722851 116723643(lct) 116723644
PRET103461729
PFOR103152094(lct) 103153521
PLAI106942509 106945899 106945900
PMEI106908439(lct) 106920698
GAF122840135 122840136
PPRL129374492 129374496
CVG107091021(lct) 107091024
CTUL119796496 119796544
GMU124870853 124870854
NFU107389384(lct)
ALIM106522267(lct)
NWH119418815
AOCE111581081 111586173
MCEP125017507 125017508 125017509 125017510 125017511 125017512 125017513
CSEM103392433(lct)
POV109631110 109631322
SSEN122759778 122759794
HHIP117755058
HSP118120062
SDU111218818
SLAL111667436 111667458
XGL120801628
HCQ109515508(lct)
SBIA133512064
PEE133410607
PTAO133486842
MALB109966332(lct)
BSPL114847775
SJO128368328 128368329 128368330
SASA106586119(lct)
STRU115160641(lct)
OTW112235127
OMY110519997
OGO124043772
ONE115107792(lct)
OKI109904123(lct)
OKE118367180
SALP111973682(lct)
SNH120057744
CCLU121536644
ELS105005862(lct)
SFM108928209(lct)
PKI111842887(lct)
AANG118222690
LOC102691495(lct)
PSPA121323070
ARUT117407121
PSEX120530640
LCM102361997(LCT)
CMK103180388
RTP109919181(lct)
CPLA122551934
HOC132817335
LERI129699039
PMRN116937990(LCT)
LRJ133346175(LCT) 133356187
BFO118408130 118413613
BBEL109468489 109470924
CIN104266271
SCLV120331019
SPU105443141
LPIC129264315 129264855 129264857 129265348 129265957 129268212 129268215
APLC110979240
SKO100377377
ACOO126832839
LGILOTGIDRAFT_174304
PVUL126824396 126824536
PCAN112561449
BGT106067751 106069349 106069463
HRF124113779 124113782 124151882
HRJ124256256 124256662 124256664 124266902
CRG105317659 117692405
CVN111136393 111136395
CANU128187165 128188756
OED125680285 125680292
MYI110453818
PMAX117332095
MCAF127712470 127712489
MMER123533272 123534954
RPHI132735276 132750018
DPOL127854839
DGT114530441
TWL119987970
 » show all
Reference
1  [PMID:5774775]
  Authors
Malathi P, Crane RK.
  Title
Phlorizin hydrolase: a beta-glucosidase of hamster intestinal brush border membrane.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 173:245-56 (1969)
DOI:10.1016/0005-2736(69)90108-4
Reference
2  [PMID:5082068]
  Authors
Lorenz-Meyer H, Blum AL, Haemmerli HP, Semenza G.
  Title
A second enzyme defect in acquired lactase deficiency: lack of small-intestinal phlorizin-hydrolase.
  Journal
Eur J Clin Invest 2:326-31 (1972)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1972.tb00658.x
Reference
3  [PMID:4752949]
  Authors
Leese HJ, Semenza G.
  Title
On the identity between the small intestinal enzymes phlorizin hydrolase and glycosylceramidase.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 248:8170-3 (1973)
Reference
4  [PMID:9762914]
  Authors
Zecca L, Mesonero JE, Stutz A, Poiree JC, Giudicelli J, Cursio R, Gloor SM, Semenza G.
  Title
Intestinal lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH): the two catalytic sites; the role of the pancreas in pro-LPH maturation.
  Journal
FEBS Lett 435:225-8 (1998)
DOI:10.1016/s0014-5793(98)01076-x
Reference
5  [PMID:11106409]
  Authors
Arribas JC, Herrero AG, Martin-Lomas M, Canada FJ, He S, Withers SG.
  Title
Differential mechanism-based labeling and unequivocal activity assignment of the two active sites of intestinal lactase/phlorizin hydrolase.
  Journal
Eur J Biochem 267:6996-7005 (2000)
DOI:10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01784.x
Reference
6  [PMID:12594539]
  Authors
Nemeth K, Plumb GW, Berrin JG, Juge N, Jacob R, Naim HY, Williamson G, Swallow DM, Kroon PA.
  Title
Deglycosylation by small intestinal epithelial cell beta-glucosidases is a critical step in the absorption and metabolism of dietary flavonoid glycosides in humans.
  Journal
Eur J Nutr 42:29-42 (2003)
DOI:10.1007/s00394-003-0397-3
Other DBs
ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database: 3.2.1.62
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature: 3.2.1.62
ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database: 3.2.1.62
BRENDA, the Enzyme Database: 3.2.1.62
CAS: 9033-10-7
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