Entry
Name
carnosine synthase;
carnosine synthetase;
carnosine-anserine synthetase;
homocarnosine-carnosine synthetase;
carnosine-homocarnosine synthetase;
L-histidine:beta-alanine ligase (AMP-forming) (incorrect)
Class
Ligases;
Forming carbon-nitrogen bonds;
Acid-D-amino-acid ligases (peptide synthases)
BRITE hierarchy
Sysname
L-histidine:beta-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)
Reaction(IUBMB)
ATP + L-histidine + beta-alanine = ADP + phosphate + carnosine [RN:
R01164 ]
Reaction(KEGG)
Substrate
Product
Comment
This enzyme was thought to form AMP [1,2], but studies with highly purified enzyme proved that it forms ADP [4]. Carnosine is a dipeptide that is present at high concentrations in skeletal muscle and the olfactory bulb of vertebrates [3]. It is also found in the skeletal muscle of some invertebrates. The enzyme can also catalyse the formation of homocarnosine from 4-aminobutanoate and L-histidine, with much lower activity [4].
History
EC 6.3.2.11 created 1965, modified 2010
Pathway
ec00330 Arginine and proline metabolism
Orthology
Genes
PRUF : 121354246 121355168(CARNS1)
CHAR : 105912822 116224073
LOC : 102683811 102697335(carns1)
PSPA : 121307257 121307276
ARUT : 117409973 117410067 117410068 117966719 117966722 117968602 117970752
CRG : 105317679 105324334 105346080
CANU : 128155782 128191493 128193255
OED : 125667616 125667619 125673609
MMER : 123525736 123534519 123541963 123542593
RPHI : 132745599 132755221
DPOL : 127831335 127831459 127835619 127835874 127835878 127840179 127842007 127846254 127847009 127847010 127847019 127848476
MAEA : 128209787 128227124 128227126 128241452
OSN : 115220804 115220869 115220883 115220906
LJP : 135477681 135478135 135478138
» show all
Taxonomy
Reference
Authors
KALYANKAR GD, MEISTER A.
Title
Enzymatic synthesis of carnosine and related beta-alanyl and gamma-aminobutyryl peptides.
Journal
J Biol Chem 234:3210-8 (1959)
Reference
Authors
Stenesh JJ, Winnick T.
Title
Carnosine-anserine synthetase of muscle. 4. Partial purification of the enzyme and further studies of beta-alanyl peptide synthesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Crush KG
Title
Carnosine and related substances in animal tissues.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Drozak J, Veiga-da-Cunha M, Vertommen D, Stroobant V, Van Schaftingen E
Title
Molecular identification of carnosine synthase as ATP-grasp domain-containing protein 1 (ATPGD1).
Journal
Sequence
Other DBs
ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database: 6.3.2.11
ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database: 6.3.2.11
LinkDB
All DBs