Entry Name Axon regeneration
Description Many mature central nervous system (CNS) neurons in non-mammals, such as C. elegans, Drosophila, and zebrafish, are able to regenerate after injuries. The MAPK cascade, DLK-1/MKK-4/PMK-3/MAK2, is identified as an essential signaling pathway involved in axon regeneration in C. elegans. Calcium influx, which is triggered by axotomy, is implicated in DLK-1 activation. Another MAP kinase pathway, MLK-1/MEK-1/KGB-1, acts in parallel with the DLK-1 pathway to control growth-cone formation after axotomy. SVH-1, a homolog of the mammalian hepatocyte growth factor and its receptor SVH-2 function upstream of the MLK-1 pathway to promote axon regeneration. There are also inhibitors of regeneration, such as lin-12/Notch and efa-6. It is possible that the C. elegans pathways that inhibit regeneration function to stabilize the mature, uninjured nervous system.
Class Organismal Systems; Development and regenerationBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Ortholog table Orthology K04851 voltage-dependent calcium channel L type alpha-1D
K04443 mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 [EC:2.7.11.1 ]
K09442 SAM pointed domain-containing ETS transcription factor
K23479 CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), other
K12494 PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein
K10393 kinesin family member 2/24
K23489 HGF/MSP/plasminogen-like protein
K04440 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8/9/10 (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) [EC:2.7.11.24 ]
K09031 fos-like antigen, invertebrate
K04534 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha
K04634 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha
K04163 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7
K04632 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha
K04346 guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12
K07532 Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 12
K04513 Ras homolog gene family, member A
K08268 hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha
K00922 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha/beta/delta [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
K09408 forkhead box protein O3
K06704 disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 [EC:3.4.24.81 ]
K04505 presenilin 1 [EC:3.4.23.-]
K07198 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase, catalytic alpha subunit [EC:2.7.11.31 ]
K06754 roundabout, axon guidance receptor 2
K23488 Ras-associated and pleckstrin homology domains-containing protein 1
K04392 Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1
K11593 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2C
K23480 zinc finger protein 362/384
Compound Reference Authors Hisamoto N, Matsumoto K
Title Signal transduction cascades in axon regeneration: insights from C. elegans.
Journal Reference Authors Chen L, Chisholm AD
Title Axon regeneration mechanisms: insights from C. elegans.
Journal Reference Authors Saijilafu, Zhang BY, Zhou FQ
Title Signaling pathways that regulate axon regeneration.
Journal Reference Authors El Bejjani R, Hammarlund M
Title Neural regeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans.
Journal Reference Authors Chisholm AD
Title Cytoskeletal dynamics in Caenorhabditis elegans axon regeneration.
Journal Reference Authors Hammarlund M, Jin Y
Title Axon regeneration in C. elegans.
Journal Reference Authors Pastuhov SI, Hisamoto N, Matsumoto K
Title MAP kinase cascades regulating axon regeneration in C. elegans.
Journal Reference Authors Li C, Hisamoto N, Matsumoto K
Title Axon Regeneration Is Regulated by Ets-C/EBP Transcription Complexes Generated by Activation of the cAMP/Ca2+ Signaling Pathways.
Journal Reference Authors Chen L, Chuang M, Koorman T, Boxem M, Jin Y, Chisholm AD
Title Axon injury triggers EFA-6 mediated destabilization of axonal microtubules via TACC and doublecortin like kinase.
Journal Reference Authors Pastuhov SI, Fujiki K, Nix P, Kanao S, Bastiani M, Matsumoto K, Hisamoto N
Title Endocannabinoid-Goalpha signalling inhibits axon regeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans by antagonizing Gqalpha-PKC-JNK signalling.
Journal Reference Authors Belin S, Norsworthy M, He Z
Title Independent control of aging and axon regeneration.
Journal Reference Authors Byrne AB, Walradt T, Gardner KE, Hubbert A, Reinke V, Hammarlund M
Title Insulin/IGF1 signaling inhibits age-dependent axon regeneration.
Journal Reference Authors Po MD, Calarco JA, Zhen M
Title Releasing the inner inhibition for axon regeneration.
Journal Reference Authors El Bejjani R, Hammarlund M
Title Notch signaling inhibits axon regeneration.
Journal Reference Authors Gabel CV, Antoine F, Chuang CF, Samuel AD, Chang C
Title Distinct cellular and molecular mechanisms mediate initial axon development and adult-stage axon regeneration in C. elegans.
Journal Reference Authors Hubert T, Wu Z, Chisholm AD, Jin Y
Title S6 kinase inhibits intrinsic axon regeneration capacity via AMP kinase in Caenorhabditis elegans.
Journal Reference Authors Zou Y, Chiu H, Zinovyeva A, Ambros V, Chuang CF, Chang C
Title Developmental decline in neuronal regeneration by the progressive change of two intrinsic timers.
Journal Reference Authors Nix P, Bastiani M
Title Neuroscience. Heterochronic genes turn back the clock in old neurons.
Journal Related LinkDB All DBs
