KEGG   PATHWAY: mlx04721
Entry
mlx04721                    Pathway                                
Name
Synaptic vesicle cycle - Mirounga leonina (Southern elephant seal)
Description
Communication between neurons is mediated by the release of neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles (SVs). At the nerve terminal, SVs cycle through repetitive episodes of exocytosis and endocytosis. SVs are filled with neurotransmitters by active transport. The loaded SVs are then docked at a specialized region of the presynaptic plasma membrane known as the active zone, where they undergo a priming reaction. Upon arrival of an action potential, Ca2+ enters through voltage-gated channels and neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis, usually in less than a millisecond. After fusion, the vesicle is retrieved by endocytosis and reloaded for another round of exocytosis.
Class
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
Pathway map
mlx04721  Synaptic vesicle cycle
mlx04721

Other DBs
GO: 0016079 0048488
Organism
Mirounga leonina (Southern elephant seal) [GN:mlx]
Gene
117998184  AP2S1; AP-2 complex subunit sigma isoform X1 [KO:K11827]
117998192  [KO:K02153]
117998205  NAPA; alpha-soluble NSF attachment protein [KO:K15296]
117998265  AP2A1; AP-2 complex subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K11824]
117998282  SLC17A7; vesicular glutamate transporter 1 [KO:K12302]
117998532  SLC17A8; vesicular glutamate transporter 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12302]
117999494  STX1A; syntaxin-1A isoform X1 [KO:K04560]
117999571  STX1B; syntaxin-1B [KO:K08486]
117999766  CLTCL1; clathrin heavy chain 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04646]
117999901  VAMP2; vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 [KO:K13504]
118001417  RIMS1; regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis protein 1 [KO:K15291]
118002129  ATP6V1D; V-type proton ATPase subunit D [KO:K02149]
118002981  CPLX3; complexin-3 [KO:K15295]
118003149  UNC13C; protein unc-13 homolog C isoform X1 [KO:K15293]
118004112  [KO:K02152]
118004687  CPLX4; complexin-4 [KO:K15295]
118004871  SLC1A6; excitatory amino acid transporter 4 [KO:K05617]
118004934  RAB3A; ras-related protein Rab-3A [KO:K07882]
118004967  UNC13A; protein unc-13 homolog A [KO:K15293]
118005388  SLC6A11; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 3 [KO:K05044]
118005393  SLC6A1; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1 [KO:K05034]
118005672  DNM2; dynamin-2 isoform X1 [KO:K23484]
118005966  CACNA1A; voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A isoform X1 [KO:K04344]
118006229  SLC6A3; sodium-dependent dopamine transporter [KO:K05036]
118006424  [KO:K05614]
118006558  [KO:K05614]
118006596  [KO:K05040]
118006828  [KO:K05040]
118006889  AP2M1; AP-2 complex subunit mu isoform X1 [KO:K11826]
118007092  ATP6V1A; V-type proton ATPase catalytic subunit A [KO:K02145] [EC:7.1.2.2]
118007470  ATP6V1E2; V-type proton ATPase subunit E 2 isoform X1 [KO:K02150]
118007592  ATP6V1C2; V-type proton ATPase subunit C 2 isoform X1 [KO:K02148]
118007993  ATP6V1B1; V-type proton ATPase subunit B, kidney isoform [KO:K02147]
118008533  SYT1; synaptotagmin-1 [KO:K15290]
118010305  CPLX1; complexin-1 [KO:K15294]
118011140  SLC32A1; vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter [KO:K15015]
118011239  SNAP25; synaptosomal-associated protein 25 isoform X1 [KO:K18211]
118013687  ATP6V1G3; V-type proton ATPase subunit G 3 isoform X1 [KO:K02152]
118014473  DNM3; dynamin-3 isoform X1 [KO:K01528] [EC:3.6.5.5]
118014820  ATP6V1H; V-type proton ATPase subunit H isoform X1 [KO:K02144]
118014982  ATP6V0D2; V-type proton ATPase subunit d 2 [KO:K02146]
118015094  ATP6V1C1; V-type proton ATPase subunit C 1 [KO:K02148]
118015545  SLC17A6; vesicular glutamate transporter 2 [KO:K12302]
118015762  SLC1A2; excitatory amino acid transporter 2 [KO:K05613]
118015895  STX3; syntaxin-3 [KO:K08486]
118016148  TCIRG1; V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a isoform X1 [KO:K02154]
118016204  AP2A2; AP-2 complex subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K11824]
118016243  SLC6A5; sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 2 [KO:K05038]
118016796  ATP6V0E1; V-type proton ATPase subunit e 1 [KO:K02153]
118016936  CPLX2; complexin-2 [KO:K15294]
118016980  CLTB; clathrin light chain B [KO:K04645]
118017467  CACNA1B; voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B isoform X1 [KO:K04849]
118017635  DNM1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: dynamin-1 [KO:K01528] [EC:3.6.5.5]
118017656  STXBP1; syntaxin-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K15292]
118017772  ATP6V1G1; V-type proton ATPase subunit G 1 [KO:K02152]
118017949  CLTA; clathrin light chain A isoform X1 [KO:K04644]
118017980  UNC13B; protein unc-13 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K15293]
118018365  STX2; syntaxin-2 isoform X1 [KO:K08486]
118018379  ATP6V0A2; V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a isoform X1 [KO:K02154]
118019399  SLC1A7; excitatory amino acid transporter 5 [KO:K05618]
118019512  SLC6A9; sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05038]
118019515  ATP6V0B; V-type proton ATPase 21 kDa proteolipid subunit [KO:K03661]
118020597  ATP6V0E2; V-type proton ATPase subunit e 2 [KO:K02153]
118020645  SLC18A3; vesicular acetylcholine transporter [KO:K14636]
118021064  ATP6V1F; V-type proton ATPase subunit F [KO:K02151]
118021138  ATP6V0A4; V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a [KO:K02154]
118021734  ATP6V0C; V-type proton ATPase 16 kDa proteolipid subunit [KO:K02155]
118022062  ATP6V1B2; V-type proton ATPase subunit B, brain isoform [KO:K02147]
118022364  SLC18A1; chromaffin granule amine transporter isoform X1 [KO:K08155]
118023671  ATP6V0D1; V-type proton ATPase subunit d 1 [KO:K02146]
118023775  SLC6A2; sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter [KO:K05035]
118024628  AP2B1; AP-2 complex subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K11825]
118024684  CLTC; clathrin heavy chain 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04646]
118024916  ATP6V0A1; V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a isoform X1 [KO:K02154]
118025249  SLC6A4; sodium-dependent serotonin transporter [KO:K05037]
118025788  SLC6A12; sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter [KO:K05045]
118025789  SLC6A13; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 2 [KO:K05046]
118025820  ATP6V1E1; V-type proton ATPase subunit E 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02150]
118026195  [KO:K08486]
118026342  SLC1A1; excitatory amino acid transporter 3 [KO:K05612]
118026872  SLC18A2; synaptic vesicular amine transporter [KO:K08155]
118027175  NSF; vesicle-fusing ATPase [KO:K06027] [EC:3.6.4.6]
118027347  ATP6V1G2; V-type proton ATPase subunit G 2 [KO:K02152]
Compound
C00002  ATP
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00037  Glycine
C00076  Calcium cation
C00080  H+
C00334  4-Aminobutanoate
C00388  Histamine
C00547  L-Noradrenaline
C00780  Serotonin
C01996  Acetylcholine
C03758  Dopamine
C16041  Leu-enkephalin
Reference
PMID:12827282
  Authors
Li L, Chin LS
  Title
The molecular machinery of synaptic vesicle exocytosis.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 60:942-60 (2003)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-003-2240-7
Reference
  Authors
Nestler EJ, Hyman SE, Malenka RC.
  Title
Molecular neuropharmacology: A foundation for clinical neuroscience
  Journal
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (2001)
Reference
PMID:18275379
  Authors
Chapman ER
  Title
How does synaptotagmin trigger neurotransmitter release?
  Journal
Annu Rev Biochem 77:615-41 (2008)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.biochem.77.062005.101135
Reference
PMID:10212473
  Authors
Benfenati F, Onofri F, Giovedi S
  Title
Protein-protein interactions and protein modules in the control of neurotransmitter release.
  Journal
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 354:243-57 (1999)
DOI:10.1098/rstb.1999.0376
Reference
PMID:20634814
  Authors
de Saint Basile G, Menasche G, Fischer A
  Title
Molecular mechanisms of biogenesis and exocytosis of cytotoxic granules.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 10:568-79 (2010)
DOI:10.1038/nri2803
Reference
PMID:17767192
  Authors
Carr CM, Munson M
  Title
Tag team action at the synapse.
  Journal
EMBO Rep 8:834-8 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/sj.embor.7401051
Reference
PMID:15217342
  Authors
Sudhof TC
  Title
The synaptic vesicle cycle.
  Journal
Annu Rev Neurosci 27:509-47 (2004)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.neuro.26.041002.131412
Reference
PMID:12563290
  Authors
Gundelfinger ED, Kessels MM, Qualmann B
  Title
Temporal and spatial coordination of exocytosis and endocytosis.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 4:127-39 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1016
Reference
PMID:16990140
  Authors
Tang J, Maximov A, Shin OH, Dai H, Rizo J, Sudhof TC
  Title
A complexin/synaptotagmin 1 switch controls fast synaptic vesicle exocytosis.
  Journal
Cell 126:1175-87 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2006.08.030
Reference
PMID:12094216
  Authors
Chapman ER
  Title
Synaptotagmin: a Ca(2+) sensor that triggers exocytosis?
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 3:498-508 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/nrm855
Reference
PMID:7791897
  Authors
Sudhof TC
  Title
The synaptic vesicle cycle: a cascade of protein-protein interactions.
  Journal
Nature 375:645-53 (1995)
DOI:10.1038/375645a0
Reference
PMID:12154365
  Authors
Rizo J, Sudhof TC
  Title
Snares and Munc18 in synaptic vesicle fusion.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 3:641-53 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/nrn898
Reference
PMID:18726177
  Authors
Malsam J, Kreye S, Sollner TH
  Title
Membrane fusion: SNAREs and regulation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 65:2814-32 (2008)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-008-8352-3
Related
pathway
mlx04144  Endocytosis
mlx04724  Glutamatergic synapse
mlx04725  Cholinergic synapse
mlx04726  Serotonergic synapse
mlx04727  GABAergic synapse
mlx04728  Dopaminergic synapse
KO pathway
ko04721   

DBGET integrated database retrieval system