Entry Name Autoimmune thyroid disease - Felis catus (domestic cat)
Description The classification of autoimmune throid disease (AITD) includes Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) or chronic autoimmune thyroiditis and its variants, Graves' disease (GD) and autoimmune atrophic thyroiditis or primary myxedema. HT is characterized by the presence of goitre, thyroid autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and thyroglobulin (Tg) in serum and varying degrees of thyroid dysfunction. During HT, self-reactive CD4+ T lymphocytes (Th) recruit B cells and CD8+ T cells (CTL) into the thyroid. Disease progression leads to the death of thyroid cells and hypothyroidism. Both autoantibodies and thyroid-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) have been proposed to be responsible for autoimmune thyrocyte depletion. In GD, the TSH-R is the most important autoantigen. Antibodies directed against it mimic the effects of the hormone on thyroid cells, TSH, stimulating autonomous production of thyroxine and triiodothyronine and causing hyperthyroidism. The presence of TSH-R-blocking antibodies that bind the TSH receptor in a similar fashion to the antibodies in patients with Grave's disease but that block rather than activate the receptor explains some cases of atrophic hypothyroidism.
Class Human Diseases; Immune diseaseBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Ortholog table Organism Felis catus (domestic cat) [GN:
fca ]
Gene 493840 IFNA5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: interferon alpha-5 [KO:K05414 ]
101088996 DRA; HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain-like precursor [KO:K06752 ]
101098301 DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain precursor [KO:K06752 ]
111556169 DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
101082906 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO beta chain isoform X2 [KO:K06752 ]
101084108 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM alpha chain [KO:K06752 ]
101088734 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
111556173 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM beta chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
101090518 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO alpha chain [KO:K06752 ]
111560441 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO beta chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
101090771 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP alpha 1 chain [KO:K06752 ]
111560440 DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
101082653 DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain [KO:K06752 ]
101090265 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM beta chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
101084962 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP beta 1 chain [KO:K06752 ]
111560443 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM alpha chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
111560444 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO alpha chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
111560445 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP alpha 1 chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
111556176 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP beta 1 chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
111558969 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
111558970 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
102899262 DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
493786 CD80; T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD80 [KO:K05412 ]
493704 CD86; T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD86 precursor [KO:K05413 ]
493802 CD28; T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 precursor [KO:K06470 ]
101095479 FLAI-K; saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like precursor [KO:K06751 ]
105260551 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: class I histocompatibility antigen, Gogo-B*0101 alpha chain [KO:K06751 ]
101081297 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: class I histocompatibility antigen, Gogo-B*0101 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101080790 BOLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain BL3-7-like [KO:K06751 ]
111556177 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-45 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
101099296 H-2 class I histocompatibility antigen, Q10 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
101094232 H-2 class I histocompatibility antigen, Q10 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101080285 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, Cw-12 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
493945 FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389 ]
493881 FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 precursor [KO:K04390 ]
101085363 CD40; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03160 ]
751819 CGA; glycoprotein hormones alpha chain precursor [KO:K08522 ]
Compound D00636 Amiodarone hydrochloride (JP18/USP)
Reference Authors Fountoulakis S, Tsatsoulis A.
Title On the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease: a unifying hypothesis.
Journal Reference Authors Chistiakov DA.
Title Immunogenetics of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
Journal Reference Authors McIver B, Morris JC.
Title The pathogenesis of Graves' disease.
Journal Reference Authors Stassi G, De Maria R.
Title Autoimmune thyroid disease: new models of cell death in autoimmunity.
Journal Reference Authors Collins J, Gough S.
Title Autoimmunity in thyroid disease.
Journal Reference Authors Ruwhof C, Drexhage HA.
Title Iodine and thyroid autoimmune disease in animal models.
Journal Reference Authors Tsatsoulis A.
Title The role of stress in the clinical expression of thyroid autoimmunity.
Journal Reference Authors Prummel MF, Strieder T, Wiersinga WM.
Title The environment and autoimmune thyroid diseases.
Journal Reference Authors Kopp P.
Title The TSH receptor and its role in thyroid disease.
Journal Related fca04610 Complement and coagulation cascades
fca04612 Antigen processing and presentation
fca04660 T cell receptor signaling pathway
fca04662 B cell receptor signaling pathway
KO pathway LinkDB All DBs
