Entry Name Synaptic vesicle cycle
Description Communication between neurons is mediated by the release of neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles (SVs). At the nerve terminal, SVs cycle through repetitive episodes of exocytosis and endocytosis. SVs are filled with neurotransmitters by active transport. The loaded SVs are then docked at a specialized region of the presynaptic plasma membrane known as the active zone, where they undergo a priming reaction. Upon arrival of an action potential, Ca2+ enters through voltage-gated channels and neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis, usually in less than a millisecond. After fusion, the vesicle is retrieved by endocytosis and reloaded for another round of exocytosis.
Class Organismal Systems; Nervous systemBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Ortholog table Other DBs Orthology K15015 solute carrier family 32 (vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter)
K08155 MFS transporter, DHA1 family, solute carrier family 18 (vesicular amine transporter), member 1/2
K14636 MFS transporter, DHA1 family, solute carrier family 18 (vesicular acetylcholine transporter), member 3
K12302 MFS transporter, ACS family, solute carrier family 17 (sodium-dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter), member 6/7/8
K13504 vesicle-associated membrane protein 2
K07882 Ras-related protein Rab-3A
K15291 regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis protein 1
K15292 syntaxin-binding protein 1
K18211 synaptosomal-associated protein 25
K04344 voltage-dependent calcium channel P/Q type alpha-1A
K04849 voltage-dependent calcium channel N type alpha-1B
K15296 alpha-soluble NSF attachment protein
K11824 AP-2 complex subunit alpha
K11825 AP-2 complex subunit beta-1
K11826 AP-2 complex subunit mu-1
K11827 AP-2 complex subunit sigma-1
K02147 V-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit B
K02148 V-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit C
K02149 V-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit D
K02150 V-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit E
K02151 V-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit F
K02152 V-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit G
K02153 V-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit e
K02154 V-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit a
K02146 V-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit d
K02144 V-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit H
K02155 V-type H+-transporting ATPase 16kDa proteolipid subunit
K03661 V-type H+-transporting ATPase 21kDa proteolipid subunit
K05034 solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, GABA) member 1
K05035 solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, noradrenalin) member 2
K05036 solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, dopamine) member 3
K05037 solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, serotonin) member 4
K05038 solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, glycine) member 5/9
K05040 solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, L-proline) member 7
K05044 solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, GABA) member 11
K05045 solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, betaine/GABA) member 12
K05046 solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, GABA) member 13
K05612 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 1
K05613 solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 2
K05614 solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 3
K05617 solute carrier family 1 (high affinity glutamate/aspartate transporter), member 6
K05618 solute carrier family 1 (glutamate transporter), member 7
Compound Reference Authors Li L, Chin LS
Title The molecular machinery of synaptic vesicle exocytosis.
Journal Reference Authors Nestler EJ, Hyman SE, Malenka RC.
Title Molecular neuropharmacology: A foundation for clinical neuroscience
Journal The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (2001)
Reference Authors Chapman ER
Title How does synaptotagmin trigger neurotransmitter release?
Journal Reference Authors Benfenati F, Onofri F, Giovedi S
Title Protein-protein interactions and protein modules in the control of neurotransmitter release.
Journal Reference Authors de Saint Basile G, Menasche G, Fischer A
Title Molecular mechanisms of biogenesis and exocytosis of cytotoxic granules.
Journal Reference Authors Carr CM, Munson M
Title Tag team action at the synapse.
Journal Reference Authors Sudhof TC
Title The synaptic vesicle cycle.
Journal Reference Authors Gundelfinger ED, Kessels MM, Qualmann B
Title Temporal and spatial coordination of exocytosis and endocytosis.
Journal Reference Authors Tang J, Maximov A, Shin OH, Dai H, Rizo J, Sudhof TC
Title A complexin/synaptotagmin 1 switch controls fast synaptic vesicle exocytosis.
Journal Reference Authors Chapman ER
Title Synaptotagmin: a Ca(2+) sensor that triggers exocytosis?
Journal Reference Authors Sudhof TC
Title The synaptic vesicle cycle: a cascade of protein-protein interactions.
Journal Reference Authors Rizo J, Sudhof TC
Title Snares and Munc18 in synaptic vesicle fusion.
Journal Reference Authors Malsam J, Kreye S, Sollner TH
Title Membrane fusion: SNAREs and regulation.
Journal Related LinkDB All DBs
