KEGG   PATHWAY: rn00260
Entry
rn00260                     Pathway                                
Name
Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
Description
Serine is derived from 3-phospho-D-glycerate, an intermediate of glycolysis [MD:M00020], and glycine is derived from serine. Threonine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, threonine is derived from aspartate [MD:M00018].
Class
Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism
Pathway map
rn00260  Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
rn00260

Module
M00018  Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:rn00260]
M00020  Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:rn00260]
M00033  Ectoine biosynthesis, aspartate => ectoine [PATH:rn00260]
M00047  Creatine pathway [PATH:rn00260]
M00338  Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:rn00260]
M00555  Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:rn00260]
M00621  Glycine cleavage system [PATH:rn00260]
M00919  Ectoine degradation, ectoine => aspartate [PATH:rn00260]
M00974  Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:rn00260]
M00975  Betaine degradation, bacteria, betaine => pyruvate [PATH:rn00260]
Other DBs
GO: 0006544 0006563 0070178 0006566
Reaction
R00220  L-serine ammonia-lyase
R00221  D-serine ammonia-lyase
R00364  glycine:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase (deaminating)
R00366  glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
R00367  S-adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine N-methyltransferase
R00371  acetyl-CoA:glycine C-acetyltransferase
R00372  glycine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
R00480  ATP:L-aspartate 4-phosphotransferase
R00565  L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
R00582  O-phospho-L-serine phosphohydrolase
R00585  L-serine:pyruvate aminotransferase
R00588  L-serine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
R00589  serine racemase
R00610  sarcosine:oxygen oxidoreductase (demethylating)
R00611  sarcosine:electron-transfer flavoprotein oxidoreductase (demethylating)
R00751  L-threonine acetaldehyde-lyase (glycine-forming)
R00830  succinyl-CoA:glycine C-succinyltransferase (decarboxylating)
R00891  L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
R00945  5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
R00996  L-threonine ammonia-lyase (2-oxobutanoate-forming)
R01001  L-cystathionine cysteine-lyase (deaminating; 2-oxobutanoate-forming)
R01022  choline:oxygen 1-oxidoreductase
R01025  choline:acceptor 1-oxidoreductase
R01290  L-serine hydro-lyase (adding homocysteine; L-cystathionine-forming)
R01388  D-glycerate:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase
R01392  D-glycerate:NADP+ 2-oxidoreductase
R01465  L-threonine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
R01466  O-phospho-L-homoserine phosphate-lyase (adding water;L-threonine-forming)
R01511  D-glycerate-3-phosphate phosphohydrolase
R01513  3-phospho-D-glycerate:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase
R01514  ATP:(R)-glycerate 3-phosphotransferase
R01518  D-phosphoglycerate 2,3-phosphomutase
R01564  N,N-dimethylglycine,5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate:oxygen oxidoreductase (demethylating,5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate-forming)
R01565  N,N-dimethylglycine,5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate:electron-transferflavoprotein oxidoreductase (demethylating,5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate-forming)
R01566  creatine amidinohydrolase
R01771  ATP:L-homoserine O-phosphotransferase
R01773  L-homoserine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
R01775  L-homoserine:NADP+ oxidoreductase
R01800  CDP-diacylglycerol:L-serine 3-phosphatidyltransferase
R01883  S-adenosyl-L-methionine:guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase
R02291  L-aspartate-4-semialdehyde:NADP+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating)
R02529  aminoacetone:oxygen oxidoreductase(deaminating)
R02565  p-cumic alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase
R02566  p-cumic alcohol:NADP+ oxidoreductase
R02722  L-serine hydro-lyase [adding 1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate; L-tryptophan and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-forming]
R02821  trimethylaminoacetate:L-homosysteine S-methyltransferase
R03425  glycine:lipoylprotein oxidoreductase (decarboxylating and acceptor-aminomethylating)
R03758   
R03759  (R)-1-aminopropan-2-ol:NAD+ oxidoreductase
R03815  dihydrolipoylprotein:NAD+ oxidoreductase
R04125  [protein]-S8-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine:tetrahydrofolate aminomethyltransferase (ammonia-forming)
R04173  3-phosphoserine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
R06171  L-allo-threonine acetaldehyde-lyase (glycine-forming)
R06977  L-2,4-diaminobutyrate:2-oxoglutarate 4-aminotransferase
R06978  acetyl-CoA:L-2,4-diaminobutanoate N4-acetyltransferase
R06979  ectoine hydro-lyase
R07244  S-adenosyl-L-methionine:N,N-dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase
R07409  choline,reduced-ferredoxin:oxygen oxidoreductase
R07650  L-2,4-diaminobutanoate carboxy-lyase
R08050   
R08211  betaine aldehyde:oxygen oxidoreductase
R08557   
R08558   
R08572  ATP:(R)-glycerate 2-phosphotransferase
R09800  ectoine aminohydrolase
R09801  N2-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate amidohydrolase
R09805  L-aspartate-4-semialdehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase
R10060  S-adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine N-methyltransferase [N,N-dimethylglycine-forming]
R10061  S-adenosyl-L-methionine:sarcosine N-methyltransferase [betaine-forming]
R10851  L-allo-threonine:NADP+ 3-oxidoreductase
R12787  glycine betaine:[Co(I) glycine betaine-specific corrinoid protein] Co-methyltransferase
R12967  sarcosine,5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate:O2 oxidoreductase (demethylating,5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate-forming)
R13016  glycine betaine,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (demethylating)
R13028  N,N-dimethylglycine:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (demethylating)
R13029  sarcosine:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (demethylating)
Compound
C00011  CO2
C00014  Ammonia
C00022  Pyruvate
C00037  Glycine
C00048  Glyoxylate
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00065  L-Serine
C00078  L-Tryptophan
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00101  Tetrahydrofolate
C00109  2-Oxobutanoate
C00114  Choline
C00143  5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate
C00168  Hydroxypyruvate
C00188  L-Threonine
C00197  3-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00213  Sarcosine
C00258  D-Glycerate
C00263  L-Homoserine
C00300  Creatine
C00430  5-Aminolevulinate
C00441  L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde
C00546  Methylglyoxal
C00576  Betaine aldehyde
C00581  Guanidinoacetate
C00631  2-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00719  Betaine
C00740  D-Serine
C00986  1,3-Diaminopropane
C01005  O-Phospho-L-serine
C01026  N,N-Dimethylglycine
C01102  O-Phospho-L-homoserine
C01242  [Protein]-S8-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine
C01888  Aminoacetone
C02051  Lipoylprotein
C02291  L-Cystathionine
C02737  Phosphatidylserine
C02972  Dihydrolipoylprotein
C03082  4-Phospho-L-aspartate
C03194  (R)-1-Aminopropan-2-ol
C03232  3-Phosphonooxypyruvate
C03283  L-2,4-Diaminobutanoate
C03508  L-2-Amino-3-oxobutanoic acid
C05519  L-Allothreonine
C06231  Ectoine
C06442  N(gamma)-Acetyldiaminobutyrate
C16432  5-Hydroxyectoine
C19929  N(alpha)-Acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyrate
Reference
  Authors
Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).
  Title
[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
  Journal
Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)
Reference
PMID:11823218
  Authors
Kuhlmann AU, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically regulated synthesis of the compatible solute ectoine in Bacillus pasteurii and related Bacillus spp.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 68:772-83 (2002)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.68.2.772-783.2002
Reference
PMID:10473374
  Authors
Canovas D, Borges N, Vargas C, Ventosa A, Nieto JJ, Santos H.
  Title
Role of Ngamma-acetyldiaminobutyrate as an enzyme stabilizer and an intermediate in the biosynthesis of hydroxyectoine.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 65:3774-9 (1999)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.65.9.3774-3779.1999
Reference
PMID:17636255
  Authors
Bursy J, Pierik AJ, Pica N, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically induced synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine is mediated by an evolutionarily conserved ectoine hydroxylase.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 282:31147-55 (2007)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M704023200
Reference
PMID:16707670
  Authors
Garcia-Estepa R, Argandona M, Reina-Bueno M, Capote N, Iglesias-Guerra F, Nieto JJ, Vargas C.
  Title
The ectD gene, which is involved in the synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine, is essential for thermoprotection of the halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 188:3774-84 (2006)
DOI:10.1128/JB.00136-06
Reference
PMID:15470257
  Authors
Arevalo-Rodriguez M, Pan X, Boeke JD, Heitman J
  Title
FKBP12 controls aspartate pathway flux in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to prevent toxic intermediate accumulation.
  Journal
Eukaryot Cell 3:1287-96 (2004)
DOI:10.1128/EC.3.5.1287-1296.2004
Reference
PMID:7639721
  Authors
Rees WD, Hay SM
  Title
The biosynthesis of threonine by mammalian cells: expression of a complete bacterial biosynthetic pathway in an animal cell.
  Journal
Biochem J 309 ( Pt 3):999-1007 (1995)
DOI:10.1042/bj3090999
Reference
PMID:11341914
  Authors
Jacques SL, Nieman C, Bareich D, Broadhead G, Kinach R, Honek JF, Wright GD
  Title
Characterization of yeast homoserine dehydrogenase, an antifungal target: the invariant histidine 309 is important for enzyme integrity.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1544:28-41 (2001)
DOI:10.1016/S0167-4838(00)00203-X
Reference
PMID:15520012
  Authors
Chen X, Jhee KH, Kruger WD
  Title
Production of the neuromodulator H2S by cystathionine beta-synthase via the condensation of cysteine and homocysteine.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 279:52082-6 (2004)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.C400481200
Related
pathway
rn00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
rn00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
rn00230  Purine metabolism
rn00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
rn00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
rn00290  Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
rn00300  Lysine biosynthesis
rn00330  Arginine and proline metabolism
rn00460  Cyanoamino acid metabolism
rn00470  D-Amino acid metabolism
rn00564  Glycerophospholipid metabolism
rn00600  Sphingolipid metabolism
rn00620  Pyruvate metabolism
rn00630  Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
rn00640  Propanoate metabolism
rn00680  Methane metabolism
rn00860  Porphyrin metabolism
rn00920  Sulfur metabolism
KO pathway
ko00260   
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