Entry
Name
Alzheimer disease - Sarcophilus harrisii (Tasmanian devil)
Description
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a chronic disorder that slowly destroys neurons and causes serious cognitive disability. AD is associated with senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Amyloid-beta (Abeta), a major component of senile plaques, has various pathological effects on cell and organelle function. To date genetic studies have revealed four genes that may be linked to autosomal dominant or familial early onset AD (FAD). These four genes include: amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PS1), presenilin 2 (PS2) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE). All mutations associated with APP and PS proteins can lead to an increase in the production of Abeta peptides, specfically the more amyloidogenic form, Abeta42. It was proposed that Abeta form Ca2+ permeable pores and bind to and modulate multiple synaptic proteins, including NMDAR, mGluR5 and VGCC, leading to the overfilling of neurons with calcium ions. Consequently, cellular Ca2+ disruptions will lead to neuronal apoptosis, autophagy deficits, mitochondrial abnormality, defective neurotransmission, impaired synaptic plasticity and neurodegeneration in AD. FAD-linked PS1 mutation downregulates the unfolded protein response and leads to vulnerability to ER stress.
Class
Human Diseases; Neurodegenerative disease
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Disease
Organism
Sarcophilus harrisii (Tasmanian devil) [GN:
shr ]
Gene
100913375 NDUFA8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 [KO:K03952 ]
100913697 ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374 ]
100913747 NDUFB7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963 ]
100914229 ATP5MC2; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K02128 ]
100914555 APBB1; amyloid-beta A4 precursor protein-binding family B member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04529 ]
100914667 AMBRA1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17985 ]
100915297 PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X2 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
100915508 ATP5MC1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K02128 ]
100915617 NDUFA10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial [KO:K03954 ]
100915675 PSMD8; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 8 [KO:K03031 ]
100915928 NDUFB11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial [KO:K11351 ]
100916183 GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04634 ]
100916300 ATP5PB; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1, mitochondrial [KO:K02127 ]
100916627 SDHD; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00237 ]
100916936 LRP5; low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 [KO:K03068 ]
100916996 ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X2 [KO:K04960 ]
100917145 NDUFB10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966 ]
100917281 PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
100917433 CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857 ]
100917619 NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580 ]
100917633 ATG2B; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K17906 ]
100918238 NDUFS8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03941 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
100918297 SDHC; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00236 ]
100918408 PPP3CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
100918532 ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X7 [KO:K04958 ]
100918785 NDUFA7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03951 ]
100918876 NDUFB4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960 ]
100919750 CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851 ]
100919788 TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158 ]
100919967 NDUFA6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950 ]
100920008 GRIN2A; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A isoform X1 [KO:K05209 ]
100920269 WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17908 ]
100920408 VDAC2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 [KO:K15040 ]
100920478 PSMD4; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 4 isoform X2 [KO:K03029 ]
100920479 PSMD11; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11 isoform X1 [KO:K03036 ]
100920574 PSMC2; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 7 isoform X1 [KO:K03061 ]
100920745 ATP5F1C; ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02136 ]
100921025 EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237 ]
100921743 ADRM1; proteasomal ubiquitin receptor ADRM1 isoform X2 [KO:K06691 ]
100922533 NDUFS7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial [KO:K03940 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
100922600 GRIN1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 isoform X3 [KO:K05208 ]
100922703 NDUFA13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 [KO:K11353 ]
100922728 PSMC5; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 8 isoform X1 [KO:K03066 ]
100922827 GRIN2C; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C isoform X1 [KO:K05211 ]
100922855 NDUFB1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957 ]
100922998 NDUFS2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03935 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
100923123 VDAC3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 isoform X2 [KO:K15041 ]
100923199 BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death isoform X1 [KO:K02158 ]
100923392 PSMD7; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03038 ]
100923814 PSMD13; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 13 [KO:K03039 ]
100924299 SDHB; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00235 ] [EC:1.3.5.1 ]
100924322 NDUFA5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03949 ]
100924525 ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889 ]
100924888 PSMD9; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 9 [KO:K06693 ]
100924976 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K02649 ]
100925183 ATF6; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha isoform X1 [KO:K09054 ]
100925706 PSMD3; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K03033 ]
100925931 APC2; adenomatous polyposis coli protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K02085 ]
100926225 ATP5MC3; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial [KO:K02128 ]
100926409 PSMD1; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1 [KO:K03032 ]
100926450 NAE1; NEDD8-activating enzyme E1 regulatory subunit isoform X1 [KO:K04532 ]
100926601 NDUFB8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03964 ]
100926892 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
100927182 NDUFA12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 [KO:K11352 ]
100927191 SLC11A2; natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 [KO:K21398 ]
100927317 NDUFA11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 [KO:K03956 ]
100927339 NDUFB3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03959 ]
100927554 CACNA1F; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F [KO:K04853 ]
100927813 VDAC1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862 ]
100927917 PSMD6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 6 [KO:K03037 ]
100928428 NDUFV2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03943 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
100928800 NDUFC2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2 [KO:K03968 ]
100929004 NDUFC1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967 ]
100929015 PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
100929783 NDUFA2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946 ]
100929811 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
100929856 NDUFA4L2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 [KO:K03948 ]
100930145 ATP5F1E; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial [KO:K02135 ]
100930278 CSF1; macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 isoform X2 [KO:K05453 ]
100930539 NDUFB2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03958 ]
100930633 LRP6; low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 [KO:K03068 ]
100930913 CHRNA7; neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 [KO:K04809 ]
100930936 NDUFS4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial [KO:K03937 ]
100931153 PSMD2; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03028 ]
100931426 LRP1; prolow-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 [KO:K04550 ]
100931721 EIF2AK2; interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K16195 ] [EC:2.7.11.1 ]
100931806 SDHA; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00234 ] [EC:1.3.5.1 ]
100931914 ATP5PF; ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial [KO:K02131 ]
100931931 WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17908 ]
100931932 DVL2; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-2 [KO:K02353 ]
100932099 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
100932119 DVL3; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-3 [KO:K02353 ]
100932600 DVL1; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-1 [KO:K02353 ]
100932609 NDUFS5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938 ]
100932636 APAF1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02084 ]
100933088 NDUFA1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945 ]
100933709 RB1CC1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17589 ]
100933723 PSMD14; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14 isoform X2 [KO:K03030 ]
100933743 AGER; advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor isoform X2 [KO:K19722 ]
100933750 NDUFA9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial [KO:K03953 ]
100933792 NDUFS6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial [KO:K03939 ]
100934049 PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
100934311 PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
100934778 NDUFB5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial [KO:K03961 ]
100935230 PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
105749219 FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 [KO:K04390 ]
105749979 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
111719323 NDUFB6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03962 ]
111720153 GRIN2D; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D [KO:K05212 ]
111721451 NDUFS3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03936 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
116420693 NDUFB9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 [KO:K03965 ]
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C04549 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C16514 Amyloid beta protein 40
C16515 Amyloid beta protein 42
C21011 [Protein]-N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine
C21012 [Protein]-N(epsilon)-(carboxyethyl)lysine
Reference
Authors
Dickson DW
Title
Apoptotic mechanisms in Alzheimer neurofibrillary degeneration: cause or effect?
Journal
Reference
Authors
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Title
Mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis in Alzheimer's disease.
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Title
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Title
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Title
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Title
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Title
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Title
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Title
Presenilins function in ER calcium leak and Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.
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Mitochondrial dysfunction in sporadic and genetic Alzheimer's disease.
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Title
APP-BP1 mediates APP-induced apoptosis and DNA synthesis and is increased in Alzheimer's disease brain.
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Title
March separate, strike together--role of phosphorylated TAU in mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease.
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Title
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Title
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Title
PS2 mutation increases neuronal cell vulnerability to neurotoxicants through activation of caspase-3 by enhancing of ryanodine receptor-mediated calcium release.
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Title
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Title
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Title
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Title
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Title
Alzheimer Disease: Crosstalk between the Canonical Wnt/Beta-Catenin Pathway and PPARs Alpha and Gamma.
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Title
MAPK, beta-amyloid and synaptic dysfunction: the role of RAGE.
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Title
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Title
Alzheimer's presenilin 1 mutations impair kinesin-based axonal transport.
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Title
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Title
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Title
How does brain insulin resistance develop in Alzheimer's disease?
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Title
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Title
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Journal
Related pathway
shr04141 Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
shr04933 AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications
KO pathway