KEGG pathway modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:T30992_00010 T30992_01200 T30992_01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:T30992_00010 T30992_01200 T30992_01230 T30992_01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:T30992_00010 T30992_00020 T30992_01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:T30992_00010 T30992_00020 T30992_00620 T30992_01200 T30992_01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:T30992_00020 T30992_01200 T30992_01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:T30992_00020 T30992_01200 T30992_01210 T30992_01230 T30992_01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:T30992_00020 T30992_01200 T30992_01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:T30992_00030 T30992_01200 T30992_01100 T30992_01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:T30992_00030 T30992_01200 T30992_01100 T30992_01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:T30992_00030 T30992_01200 T30992_01230 T30992_01100 T30992_01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:T30992_00030 T30992_00230 T30992_01200 T30992_01230 T30992_01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:T30992_00030 T30992_01200 T30992_01100 T30992_01120]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00061 D-Glucuronate degradation, D-glucuronate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH:T30992_00040 T30992_00030 T30992_01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:T30992_00052 T30992_01100]
M00552 D-galactonate degradation, De Ley-Doudoroff pathway, D-galactonate => glycerate-3P [PATH:T30992_00052 T30992_01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:T30992_00500 T30992_01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:T30992_00500 T30992_01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:T30992_00520 T30992_01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:T30992_00520 T30992_00052 T30992_01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:T30992_00630 T30992_01200 T30992_01100 T30992_01110]
M00013 Malonate semialdehyde pathway, propanoyl-CoA => acetyl-CoA [PATH:T30992_00410 T30992_00640 T30992_01200 T30992_01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:T30992_00280 T30992_00630 T30992_00640 T30992_01200 T30992_01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:T30992_00562 T30992_01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00165 Reductive pentose phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) [PATH:T30992_00710 T30992_01200 T30992_01100 T30992_01120]
M00166 Reductive pentose phosphate cycle, ribulose-5P => glyceraldehyde-3P [PATH:T30992_00710 T30992_01200 T30992_01100 T30992_01120]
M00167 Reductive pentose phosphate cycle, glyceraldehyde-3P => ribulose-5P [PATH:T30992_00710 T30992_01200 T30992_01100 T30992_01120]
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:T30992_00620 T30992_00710 T30992_01200 T30992_01100 T30992_01120]
M00169 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), light [PATH:T30992_00620 T30992_00710 T30992_01200 T30992_01100 T30992_01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:T30992_00430 T30992_00620 T30992_00720 T30992_01200 T30992_01100 T30992_01120]

Methane metabolism
M00174 Methane oxidation, methanotroph, methane => formaldehyde [PATH:T30992_00680 T30992_01200 T30992_01220 T30992_01100 T30992_01120]
M00346 Formaldehyde assimilation, serine pathway [PATH:T30992_00680 T30992_01200 T30992_01100 T30992_01120]
M00378 F420 biosynthesis [PATH:T30992_00680 T30992_01240 T30992_01100 T30992_01120]

Nitrogen metabolism
M00530 Dissimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:T30992_00910 T30992_01100 T30992_01120]
M00528 Nitrification, ammonia => nitrite [PATH:T30992_00910 T30992_01100 T30992_01120]
M00804 Complete nitrification, comammox, ammonia => nitrite => nitrate [PATH:T30992_00910 T30992_01100 T30992_01120]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:T30992_00920 T30992_01100 T30992_01120]
M00596 Dissimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:T30992_00920 T30992_01100 T30992_01120]
M00595 Thiosulfate oxidation by SOX complex, thiosulfate => sulfate [PATH:T30992_00920 T30992_01100 T30992_01120]

Photosynthesis
M00163 Photosystem I [BR:ko00194] [PATH:T30992_00195]
M00597 Anoxygenic photosystem II [BR:ko00194]

ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:T30992_00190]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:T30992_00190]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:T30992_00190]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:T30992_00190]
M00153 Cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:T30992_00190]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:T30992_00190]
M00156 Cytochrome c oxidase, cbb3-type [PATH:T30992_00190]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:T30992_00190 T30992_00195]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:T30992_00061 T30992_01212 T30992_01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:T30992_00061 T30992_01212 T30992_01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:T30992_00061 T30992_00071 T30992_01212 T30992_01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:T30992_00071 T30992_01212 T30992_01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:T30992_01040 T30992_01212 T30992_01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00088 Ketone body biosynthesis, acetyl-CoA => acetoacetate/3-hydroxybutyrate/acetone [PATH:T30992_00072 T30992_01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:T30992_00561 T30992_01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:T30992_00564 T30992_01100]
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:T30992_00564 T30992_01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:T30992_00600 T30992_01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 Inosine monophosphate biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:T30992_00230 T30992_01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:T30992_00230 T30992_01240 T30992_01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:T30992_00230 T30992_01100]
M00546 Purine degradation, xanthine => urea [PATH:T30992_00230 T30992_01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 Uridine monophosphate biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:T30992_00240 T30992_01240 T30992_01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:T30992_00240 T30992_01240 T30992_01100]
M00053 Pyrimidine deoxyribonuleotide biosynthesis, CDP/CTP => dCDP/dCTP,dTDP/dTTP [PATH:T30992_00240 T30992_01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:T30992_00260 T30992_00680 T30992_01200 T30992_01230 T30992_01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:T30992_00260 T30992_01230 T30992_01100 T30992_01110]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:T30992_00260 T30992_01100]
M00033 Ectoine biosynthesis, aspartate => ectoine [PATH:T30992_00260 T30992_01210 T30992_01230 T30992_01100 T30992_01120]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:T30992_00270 T30992_00920 T30992_01200 T30992_01230 T30992_01100 T30992_01110]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:T30992_00260 T30992_00270 T30992_01230 T30992_01100]
M00017 Methionine biosynthesis, apartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:T30992_00270 T30992_01230 T30992_01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:T30992_00270 T30992_01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:T30992_00270 T30992_01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:T30992_00290 T30992_00770 T30992_01210 T30992_01230 T30992_01100 T30992_01110]
M00535 Isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => 2-oxobutanoate [PATH:T30992_00290 T30992_00660 T30992_01210 T30992_01230 T30992_01100]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:T30992_00290 T30992_01230 T30992_01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:T30992_00290 T30992_01210 T30992_01230 T30992_01100 T30992_01110]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:T30992_00280 T30992_01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:T30992_00300 T30992_01230 T30992_01100]
M00527 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP aminotransferase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:T30992_00300 T30992_01230 T30992_01100 T30992_01110]
M00031 Lysine biosynthesis, mediated by LysW, 2-aminoadipate => lysine [PATH:T30992_00300 T30992_01210 T30992_01230 T30992_01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:T30992_00220 T30992_01210 T30992_01230 T30992_01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:T30992_00220 T30992_01230 T30992_01100]
M00845 Arginine biosynthesis, glutamate => acetylcitrulline => arginine [PATH:T30992_00220 T30992_01230 T30992_01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:T30992_00220 T30992_01230 T30992_01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:T30992_00330 T30992_01230 T30992_01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:T30992_00330 T30992_01100]
M00879 Arginine succinyltransferase pathway, arginine => glutamate [PATH:T30992_00330 T30992_01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00133 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => agmatine => putrescine => spermidine [PATH:T30992_00330 T30992_01100]
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:T30992_00330 T30992_01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:T30992_00330 T30992_01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:T30992_00340 T30992_01230 T30992_01100 T30992_01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:T30992_00340 T30992_01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:T30992_00400 T30992_01230 T30992_01100 T30992_01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:T30992_00400 T30992_01230 T30992_01100 T30992_01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH:T30992_00400 T30992_01230 T30992_01100 T30992_01110]
M00025 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => HPP => tyrosine [PATH:T30992_00400 T30992_01230 T30992_01100]
M00040 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => tyrosine [PATH:T30992_00400 T30992_01230 T30992_01100 T30992_01110]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:T30992_00350 T30992_01100]
M00533 Homoprotocatechuate degradation, homoprotocatechuate => 2-oxohept-3-enedioate [PATH:T30992_00350 T30992_01220 T30992_01100 T30992_01120]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:T30992_00380 T30992_01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:T30992_00250 T30992_00650 T30992_01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:T30992_00480 T30992_01240 T30992_01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:T30992_00532 T30992_01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
M00866 KDO2-lipid A biosynthesis, Raetz pathway, non-LpxL-LpxM type [PATH:T30992_00540 T30992_01100]
M00063 CMP-KDO biosynthesis [PATH:T30992_00540 T30992_01100]
M00064 ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose biosynthesis [PATH:T30992_00540 T30992_01100]

Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00127 Thiamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, AIR (+ DXP/tyrosine) => TMP/TPP [PATH:T30992_00730 T30992_01240 T30992_01100]
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:T30992_00730 T30992_01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:T30992_00740 T30992_01240 T30992_01100 T30992_01110]
M00124 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, erythrose-4P => pyridoxal-P [PATH:T30992_00750 T30992_01240 T30992_01100]
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:T30992_00750 T30992_01240 T30992_01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:T30992_00760 T30992_01240 T30992_01100]
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:T30992_00380 T30992_00760 T30992_01240 T30992_01100]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:T30992_00770 T30992_01240 T30992_01100 T30992_01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:T30992_00770 T30992_01240 T30992_01100]
M00914 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, archaea, 2-oxoisovalerate => 4-phosphopantoate => CoA [PATH:T30992_00770 T30992_01240 T30992_01100]
M00572 Pimeloyl-ACP biosynthesis, BioC-BioH pathway, malonyl-ACP => pimeloyl-ACP [PATH:T30992_00780 T30992_01240 T30992_01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:T30992_00780 T30992_01240 T30992_01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:T30992_00785 T30992_01240 T30992_01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:T30992_00785 T30992_01240 T30992_01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:T30992_00785 T30992_01240 T30992_01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:T30992_00790 T30992_00670 T30992_01240 T30992_01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:T30992_00790 T30992_01240 T30992_01100]
M00140 C1-unit interconversion, prokaryotes [PATH:T30992_00670 T30992_01240 T30992_01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:T30992_00860 T30992_01240 T30992_01100 T30992_01110]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:T30992_00860 T30992_01240 T30992_01100 T30992_01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:T30992_00860 T30992_01240 T30992_01100 T30992_01110]
M00926 Heme biosynthesis, bacteria, glutamyl-tRNA => coproporphyrin III => heme [PATH:T30992_00860 T30992_01240 T30992_01100]
M00924 Cobalamin biosynthesis, anaerobic, uroporphyrinogen III => sirohydrochlorin => cobyrinate a,c-diamide [PATH:T30992_00860 T30992_01240 T30992_01100]
M00925 Cobalamin biosynthesis, aerobic, uroporphyrinogen III => precorrin 2 => cobyrinate a,c-diamide [PATH:T30992_00860 T30992_01240 T30992_01100]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH:T30992_00860 T30992_01240 T30992_01100]
M00117 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:T30992_00130 T30992_01240 T30992_01100 T30992_01110]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:T30992_00130 T30992_01240 T30992_01100]
M00116 Menaquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => menaquinol [PATH:T30992_00130 T30992_01240 T30992_01100 T30992_01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:T30992_00900 T30992_01100 T30992_01110]
M00849 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway, archaea [PATH:T30992_00900 T30992_01100 T30992_01110]
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:T30992_00900 T30992_01100 T30992_01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
M00793 dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis [PATH:T30992_00521 T30992_00523 T30992_00541 T30992_01100 T30992_01110]

Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
M00918 Aerobactin biosynthesis, lysine => aerobactin [PATH:T30992_00997 T30992_01100 T30992_01110]

Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation
M00548 Benzene degradation, benzene => catechol [PATH:T30992_00361 T30992_00362 T30992_01220 T30992_01100 T30992_01120]
M00551 Benzoate degradation, benzoate => catechol / methylbenzoate => methylcatechol [PATH:T30992_00362 T30992_00622 T30992_01220 T30992_01100 T30992_01120]
M00569 Catechol meta-cleavage, catechol => acetyl-CoA / 4-methylcatechol => propanoyl-CoA [PATH:T30992_00362 T30992_00622 T30992_01220 T30992_01100 T30992_01120]
M00638 Salicylate degradation, salicylate => gentisate [PATH:T30992_00626 T30992_01100 T30992_01120]
M00545 Trans-cinnamate degradation, trans-cinnamate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:T30992_00360 T30992_01220 T30992_01100 T30992_01120]

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00611 Oxygenic photosynthesis in plants and cyanobacteria
M00612 Anoxygenic photosynthesis in purple bacteria