KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:aml00010 aml01200 aml01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:aml00010 aml01200 aml01230 aml01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:aml00010 aml00020 aml01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:aml00010 aml00020 aml00620 aml00785 aml01200 aml01210 aml01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:aml00020 aml01200 aml01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:aml00020 aml01200 aml01210 aml01230 aml01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:aml00020 aml01200 aml01210 aml01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:aml00030 aml01200 aml01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:aml00030 aml01200 aml01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:aml00030 aml01200 aml01230 aml01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:aml00030 aml00230 aml01200 aml01230 aml01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:aml00040 aml01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:aml00052 aml01100]
M00129 Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate [PATH:aml00040 aml00053 aml01240 aml01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:aml00500 aml01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:aml00500 aml01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:aml00520 aml01250 aml01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:aml00520 aml00052 aml01250 aml01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:aml00520 aml01250 aml01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:aml00280 aml00630 aml00640 aml01200 aml01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:aml00562 aml01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:aml00562 aml01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:aml00562 aml01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:aml00190 aml01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:aml00190 aml01100]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:aml00190 aml01100]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:aml00190 aml01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:aml00190 aml01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:aml00190 aml01100]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:aml00190 aml01100]
M00158 F-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:aml00190 aml01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:aml00190 aml01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:aml00061 aml01212 aml01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:aml00061 aml01212 aml01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:aml00061 aml01212 aml01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:aml00062 aml01212 aml01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:aml00062 aml01040 aml01212 aml01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:aml00061 aml00071 aml01212 aml01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:aml00071 aml01212 aml01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:aml01040 aml01212 aml01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:aml00100 aml01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:aml00100 aml01100]
M00106 Conjugated bile acid biosynthesis, cholate => taurocholate/glycocholate [PATH:aml00120 aml01100]
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH:aml00120 aml01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:aml00140 aml01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:aml00140 aml01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:aml00140 aml01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:aml00140 aml01100]
M00977 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis (androgen backdoor pathway), pregnenolone => androsterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:aml00140 aml01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:aml00561 aml01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:aml00561 aml01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:aml00564 aml01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:aml00564 aml01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:aml00564 aml01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:aml00600 aml01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:aml00600 aml01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:aml00600 aml00565 aml01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:aml00600 aml01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:aml00600 aml01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:aml00230 aml01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:aml00230 aml01232 aml01240 aml01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:aml00230 aml01232 aml01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:aml00230 aml00240 aml01232 aml01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:aml00230 aml01232 aml01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:aml00230 aml01232 aml01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:aml00240 aml01240 aml01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:aml00240 aml01232 aml01240 aml01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:aml00240 aml01232 aml01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:aml00240 aml00410 aml00770 aml01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:aml00260 aml01200 aml01230 aml01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:aml00260 aml00630 aml00785 aml01200 aml01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:aml00260 aml01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:aml00260 aml01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:aml00260 aml00270 aml01230 aml01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:aml00270 aml01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:aml00270 aml01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:aml00280 aml01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:aml00310 aml01210 aml01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:aml00220 aml01230 aml01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:aml00220 aml01230 aml01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:aml00330 aml01230 aml01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:aml00330 aml01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:aml00330 aml01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:aml00330 aml00260 aml01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:aml00330 aml01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:aml00330 aml01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:aml00340 aml01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:aml00350 aml01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:aml00350 aml01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:aml00350 aml01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:aml00380 aml01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:aml00380 aml01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:aml00250 aml00650 aml01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:aml00480 aml01240 aml01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:aml00510 aml01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:aml00510 aml01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:aml00510 aml01100]
M00056 O-glycan biosynthesis, mucin type core [PATH:aml00512 aml01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:aml00515 aml01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:aml00601 aml01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:aml00601 aml01100]
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer [PATH:aml00603 aml01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:aml00604 aml01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:aml00532 aml00534 aml01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:aml00532 aml01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:aml00534 aml01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:aml00531 aml01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:aml00531 aml01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:aml00531 aml01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:aml00531 aml01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:aml00380 aml00760 aml01240 aml01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:aml00770 aml01240 aml01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:aml00785 aml01240 aml01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:aml00785 aml01240 aml01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:aml00790 aml01240 aml01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:aml00790 aml01240 aml01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:aml00670 aml01240 aml01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:aml00860 aml01240 aml01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:aml00130 aml01240 aml01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:aml00900 aml01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:aml00900 aml01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity