KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:atrc00010 atrc01200 atrc01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:atrc00010 atrc01200 atrc01230 atrc01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:atrc00010 atrc00020 atrc01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:atrc00010 atrc00020 atrc00620 atrc00785 atrc01200 atrc01210 atrc01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:atrc00020 atrc01200 atrc01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:atrc00020 atrc01200 atrc01210 atrc01230 atrc01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:atrc00020 atrc01200 atrc01210 atrc01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:atrc00030 atrc01200 atrc01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose-6P => ribulose-5P [PATH:atrc00030 atrc01200 atrc01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose-6P => ribose-5P [PATH:atrc00030 atrc01200 atrc01230 atrc01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose-5P => PRPP [PATH:atrc00030 atrc00230 atrc01200 atrc01230 atrc01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:atrc00040 atrc01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:atrc00052 atrc01100]
M00129 Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate [PATH:atrc00040 atrc00053 atrc01240 atrc01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:atrc00500 atrc01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:atrc00500 atrc01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:atrc00280 atrc00630 atrc00640 atrc01200 atrc01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:atrc00562 atrc01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:atrc00562 atrc01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:atrc00562 atrc01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:atrc00190 atrc01100]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:atrc00190 atrc01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:atrc00190 atrc01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:atrc00190 atrc01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:atrc00061 atrc01212 atrc01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:atrc00061 atrc01212 atrc01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:atrc00062 atrc01212 atrc01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:atrc00062 atrc01040 atrc01212 atrc01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:atrc00061 atrc00071 atrc01212 atrc01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:atrc00071 atrc01212 atrc01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:atrc01040 atrc01212 atrc01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:atrc00100 atrc01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:atrc00100 atrc01100]
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH:atrc00120 atrc01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:atrc00140 atrc01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:atrc00140 atrc01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:atrc00140 atrc01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:atrc00140 atrc01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:atrc00561 atrc01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:atrc00561 atrc01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:atrc00564 atrc01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:atrc00564 atrc01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:atrc00564 atrc01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:atrc00600 atrc01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:atrc00600 atrc01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:atrc00600 atrc00565 atrc01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:atrc00600 atrc01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:atrc00600 atrc01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:atrc00230 atrc01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:atrc00230 atrc01232 atrc01240 atrc01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:atrc00230 atrc01232 atrc01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:atrc00230 atrc00240 atrc01232 atrc01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:atrc00230 atrc01232 atrc01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:atrc00230 atrc01232 atrc01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:atrc00240 atrc01240 atrc01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:atrc00240 atrc01232 atrc01240 atrc01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:atrc00240 atrc01232 atrc01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:atrc00240 atrc00410 atrc00770 atrc01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:atrc00260 atrc01200 atrc01230 atrc01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:atrc00260 atrc00630 atrc00670 atrc00785 atrc01200 atrc01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:atrc00260 atrc00670 atrc01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:atrc00260 atrc00670 atrc01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:atrc00260 atrc00270 atrc00670 atrc01230 atrc01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:atrc00270 atrc01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:atrc00270 atrc00670 atrc01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:atrc00280 atrc01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:atrc00310 atrc01210 atrc01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:atrc00220 atrc01230 atrc01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:atrc00220 atrc01230 atrc01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:atrc00330 atrc01230 atrc01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:atrc00330 atrc01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:atrc00330 atrc01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:atrc00330 atrc00260 atrc01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:atrc00330 atrc01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:atrc00330 atrc01100]

Histidine metabolism
Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:atrc00350 atrc01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:atrc00350 atrc01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:atrc00350 atrc01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:atrc00380 atrc01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:atrc00380 atrc01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:atrc00250 atrc00650 atrc01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:atrc00480 atrc01240 atrc01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00892 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, eukaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:atrc00520 atrc01250 atrc01100]
M01003 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, GlcNAc => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:atrc00520 atrc01250 atrc01100]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:atrc00520 atrc01250 atrc01100]
M00554 UDP-Gal biosynthesis, Gal => UDP-Gal [PATH:atrc00520 atrc00052 atrc01250 atrc01100]
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man [PATH:atrc00520 atrc00051 atrc01250 atrc01100]
M01015 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Man => GDP-Man [PATH:atrc00520 atrc00051 atrc01250 atrc01100]
M01001 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, L-Fuc => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:atrc00520 atrc01250 atrc01100]
M00955 CMP-Neu5Ac/Neu5Gc biosynthesis, animals, UDP-GlcNAc => CMP-Neu5Ac => CMP-Neu5Gc [PATH:atrc00541 atrc01250 atrc01100]
M01016 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, GDP-Man => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:atrc00541 atrc00051 atrc01250 atrc01100]

Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:atrc00510 atrc01100]
M00072 N-glycosylation by oligosaccharyltransferase [PATH:atrc00510 atrc00513 atrc01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:atrc00510 atrc01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:atrc00510 atrc01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:atrc00515 atrc01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:atrc00563 atrc01100]
M00983 GPI-anchor remodeling [PATH:atrc00563 atrc01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:atrc00601 atrc01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:atrc00601 atrc01100]
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer [PATH:atrc00603 atrc01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:atrc00604 atrc01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:atrc00532 atrc01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:atrc00534 atrc01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:atrc00531 atrc01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:atrc00531 atrc01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:atrc00531 atrc01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:atrc00531 atrc01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:atrc00380 atrc00760 atrc01240 atrc01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:atrc00770 atrc01240 atrc01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:atrc00785 atrc01240 atrc01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:atrc00785 atrc01240 atrc01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:atrc00790 atrc01240 atrc01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:atrc00790 atrc01240 atrc01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:atrc00670 atrc01240 atrc01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:atrc00860 atrc01240 atrc01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinone [PATH:atrc00130 atrc01240 atrc01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:atrc00900 atrc01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:atrc00900 atrc01100]

Terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Biosynthesis of other compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity