KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:bbut00010 bbut01200 bbut01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:bbut00010 bbut01200 bbut01230 bbut01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:bbut00010 bbut00020 bbut01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:bbut00010 bbut00020 bbut00620 bbut00785 bbut01200 bbut01210 bbut01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:bbut00020 bbut01200 bbut01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:bbut00020 bbut01200 bbut01210 bbut01230 bbut01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:bbut00020 bbut01200 bbut01210 bbut01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:bbut00030 bbut01200 bbut01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose-6P => ribulose-5P [PATH:bbut00030 bbut01200 bbut01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose-6P => ribose-5P [PATH:bbut00030 bbut01200 bbut01230 bbut01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose-5P => PRPP [PATH:bbut00030 bbut00230 bbut01200 bbut01230 bbut01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:bbut00040 bbut01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:bbut00052 bbut01100]
M00129 Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate [PATH:bbut00040 bbut00053 bbut01240 bbut01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:bbut00500 bbut01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:bbut00500 bbut01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:bbut00280 bbut00630 bbut00640 bbut01200 bbut01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:bbut00562 bbut01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:bbut00562 bbut01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:bbut00562 bbut01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:bbut00190 bbut01100]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:bbut00190 bbut01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:bbut00190 bbut01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:bbut00190 bbut01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:bbut00061 bbut01212 bbut01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:bbut00061 bbut01212 bbut01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:bbut00061 bbut01212 bbut01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:bbut00062 bbut01212 bbut01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:bbut00062 bbut01040 bbut01212 bbut01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:bbut00061 bbut00071 bbut01212 bbut01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:bbut00071 bbut01212 bbut01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:bbut01040 bbut01212 bbut01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:bbut00100 bbut01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:bbut00100 bbut01100]
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH:bbut00120 bbut01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:bbut00140 bbut01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:bbut00140 bbut01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:bbut00140 bbut01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:bbut00140 bbut01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:bbut00561 bbut01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:bbut00561 bbut01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:bbut00564 bbut01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:bbut00564 bbut01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:bbut00564 bbut01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:bbut00600 bbut01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:bbut00600 bbut01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:bbut00600 bbut00565 bbut01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:bbut00600 bbut01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:bbut00600 bbut01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:bbut00230 bbut01232 bbut01240 bbut01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:bbut00230 bbut01232 bbut01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:bbut00230 bbut00240 bbut01232 bbut01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:bbut00230 bbut01232 bbut01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:bbut00230 bbut01232 bbut01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:bbut00240 bbut01240 bbut01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:bbut00240 bbut01232 bbut01240 bbut01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:bbut00240 bbut01232 bbut01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:bbut00240 bbut00410 bbut00770 bbut01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:bbut00260 bbut01200 bbut01230 bbut01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:bbut00260 bbut00630 bbut00670 bbut00785 bbut01200 bbut01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:bbut00260 bbut00670 bbut01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:bbut00260 bbut00670 bbut01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:bbut00260 bbut00270 bbut00670 bbut01230 bbut01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:bbut00270 bbut01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:bbut00270 bbut00670 bbut01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:bbut00280 bbut01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:bbut00310 bbut01210 bbut01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:bbut00220 bbut01230 bbut01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:bbut00220 bbut01230 bbut01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:bbut00330 bbut01230 bbut01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:bbut00330 bbut01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:bbut00330 bbut01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:bbut00330 bbut00260 bbut01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:bbut00330 bbut01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:bbut00330 bbut01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:bbut00340 bbut01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:bbut00350 bbut01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:bbut00350 bbut01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:bbut00350 bbut01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:bbut00380 bbut01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:bbut00380 bbut01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:bbut00250 bbut00650 bbut01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:bbut00480 bbut01240 bbut01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00892 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, eukaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:bbut00520 bbut01250 bbut01100]
M01003 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, GlcNAc => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:bbut00520 bbut01250 bbut01100]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:bbut00520 bbut01250 bbut01100]
M00554 UDP-Gal biosynthesis, Gal => UDP-Gal [PATH:bbut00520 bbut00052 bbut01250 bbut01100]
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man [PATH:bbut00520 bbut00051 bbut01250 bbut01100]
M01015 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Man => GDP-Man [PATH:bbut00520 bbut00051 bbut01250 bbut01100]
M01001 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, L-Fuc => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:bbut00520 bbut01250 bbut01100]
M00955 CMP-Neu5Ac/Neu5Gc biosynthesis, animals, UDP-GlcNAc => CMP-Neu5Ac => CMP-Neu5Gc [PATH:bbut00541 bbut01250 bbut01100]
M01016 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, GDP-Man => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:bbut00541 bbut00051 bbut01250 bbut01100]

Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:bbut00510 bbut01100]
M00072 N-glycosylation by oligosaccharyltransferase [PATH:bbut00510 bbut00513 bbut01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:bbut00510 bbut01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:bbut00510 bbut01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:bbut00515 bbut01100]
M00983 GPI-anchor remodeling [PATH:bbut00563 bbut01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:bbut00601 bbut01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:bbut00601 bbut01100]
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer [PATH:bbut00603 bbut01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:bbut00604 bbut01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:bbut00532 bbut00534 bbut01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:bbut00532 bbut01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:bbut00534 bbut01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:bbut00531 bbut01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:bbut00531 bbut01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:bbut00531 bbut01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:bbut00531 bbut01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:bbut00380 bbut00760 bbut01240 bbut01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:bbut00770 bbut01240 bbut01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:bbut00785 bbut01240 bbut01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:bbut00785 bbut01240 bbut01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:bbut00790 bbut01240 bbut01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:bbut00790 bbut01240 bbut01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:bbut00670 bbut01240 bbut01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:bbut00860 bbut01240 bbut01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinone [PATH:bbut00130 bbut01240 bbut01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:bbut00900 bbut01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:bbut00900 bbut01100]

Terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Biosynthesis of other compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity