KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:bhg00010 bhg01200 bhg01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:bhg00010 bhg01200 bhg01230 bhg01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:bhg00010 bhg00020 bhg01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:bhg00010 bhg00020 bhg00620 bhg00785 bhg01200 bhg01210 bhg01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:bhg00020 bhg01200 bhg01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:bhg00020 bhg01200 bhg01210 bhg01230 bhg01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:bhg00020 bhg01200 bhg01210 bhg01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:bhg00030 bhg01200 bhg01100 bhg01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:bhg00030 bhg01200 bhg01100 bhg01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:bhg00030 bhg01200 bhg01230 bhg01100 bhg01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:bhg00030 bhg00230 bhg01200 bhg01230 bhg01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:bhg00030 bhg01200 bhg01100 bhg01120]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00552 D-galactonate degradation, De Ley-Doudoroff pathway, D-galactonate => glycerate-3P [PATH:bhg00052 bhg01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:bhg00630 bhg01200 bhg01100 bhg01110]
M00982 Methylcitrate cycle [PATH:bhg00640 bhg00020 bhg01200 bhg01100 bhg01120]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:bhg00620 bhg00710 bhg01200 bhg01100 bhg01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:bhg00430 bhg00620 bhg00720 bhg01200 bhg01100 bhg01120]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
M00531 Assimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:bhg00910 bhg01310 bhg01100 bhg01120]
M00530 Dissimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:bhg00910 bhg01310 bhg01100 bhg01120]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:bhg00920 bhg01320 bhg01100 bhg01120]

Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:bhg00190 bhg01100]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:bhg00190 bhg01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:bhg00190 bhg01100]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:bhg00190 bhg01100]
M00153 Cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:bhg00190 bhg01100]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:bhg00190 bhg01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:bhg00190 bhg01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:bhg00061 bhg01212 bhg01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:bhg00061 bhg01212 bhg01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:bhg00061 bhg00071 bhg01212 bhg01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:bhg00071 bhg01212 bhg01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:bhg00561 bhg01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:bhg00564 bhg01100]
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:bhg00564 bhg01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:bhg00230 bhg01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:bhg00230 bhg01232 bhg01240 bhg01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:bhg00230 bhg01232 bhg01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:bhg00230 bhg00240 bhg01232 bhg01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:bhg00240 bhg01232 bhg01240 bhg01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:bhg00240 bhg01232 bhg01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:bhg00260 bhg00680 bhg01200 bhg01230 bhg01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:bhg00260 bhg01230 bhg01100 bhg01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:bhg00260 bhg00630 bhg00670 bhg00785 bhg01200 bhg01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:bhg00260 bhg00670 bhg01100]
M00975 Betaine degradation, bacteria, betaine => pyruvate [PATH:bhg00260 bhg01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:bhg00270 bhg00920 bhg01320 bhg01200 bhg01230 bhg01100 bhg01110]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:bhg00290 bhg00770 bhg01210 bhg01230 bhg01100 bhg01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:bhg00290 bhg01230 bhg01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:bhg00290 bhg01210 bhg01230 bhg01100 bhg01110]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:bhg00280 bhg01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:bhg00300 bhg01230 bhg01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:bhg00220 bhg01210 bhg01230 bhg01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:bhg00220 bhg01230 bhg01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:bhg00330 bhg01230 bhg01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:bhg00330 bhg01100]
M00879 Arginine succinyltransferase pathway, arginine => glutamate [PATH:bhg00330 bhg01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:bhg00340 bhg01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:bhg00400 bhg01230 bhg01100 bhg01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:bhg00400 bhg01230 bhg01100 bhg01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH:bhg00400 bhg01230 bhg01100 bhg01110]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:bhg00350 bhg01100]
M00533 Homoprotocatechuate degradation, homoprotocatechuate => 2-oxohept-3-enedioate [PATH:bhg00350 bhg01220 bhg01100 bhg01120]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:bhg00480 bhg01240 bhg01100]
M00948 Hydroxyproline degradation, trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:bhg00470 bhg01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00909 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, prokaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:bhg00520 bhg01250 bhg01100]
M00996 UDP-MurNAc biosynthesis, anhMurNAc => UDP-MurNAc [PATH:bhg00520 bhg01250 bhg01100 bhg01100]
M00995 UDP-MurNAc biosynthesis, Fru-6P => UDP-MurNAc [PATH:bhg00520 bhg01250 bhg01100]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:bhg00520 bhg01250 bhg01100]
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man [PATH:bhg00520 bhg00051 bhg01250 bhg01100]
M00063 CMP-KDO biosynthesis, ribulose-5P => CMP-KDO [PATH:bhg00541 bhg01250 bhg01100]
M00064 ADP-LDmanHep biosynthesis, sedoheptulose-7P => ADP-LDmanHep [PATH:bhg00541 bhg01250 bhg01100]
M00793 dTDP-L-Rha biosynthesis, Glc-1P => dTDP-L-Rha [PATH:bhg00521 bhg00523 bhg00541 bhg01250 bhg01100 bhg01110]
M01016 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, GDP-Man => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:bhg00541 bhg00051 bhg01250 bhg01100]
M01019 GDP-6-deoxy-Tal biosynthesis, GDP-Man => GDP-6-deoxy-Tal [PATH:bhg00541 bhg00051 bhg01250 bhg01100]

Glycan biosynthesis
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:bhg00730 bhg01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:bhg00760 bhg01240 bhg01100]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:bhg00770 bhg01240 bhg01100 bhg01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:bhg00770 bhg01240 bhg01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:bhg00780 bhg01240 bhg01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:bhg00785 bhg01240 bhg01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:bhg00790 bhg00670 bhg01240 bhg01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:bhg00790 bhg01240 bhg01100]
M00988 PreQ1 biosynthesis, GTP => 7-Aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine [PATH:bhg00790 bhg01100]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:bhg00860 bhg01240 bhg01100 bhg01110]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH:bhg00860 bhg01240 bhg01100]
M00117 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:bhg00130 bhg01240 bhg01100 bhg01110]
M00989 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, O2-independent, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:bhg00130 bhg01240 bhg01100 bhg01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
Terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Biosynthesis of other compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation
M00551 Benzoate degradation, benzoate => catechol / methylbenzoate => methylcatechol [PATH:bhg00362 bhg00622 bhg01220 bhg01100 bhg01120]
M00637 Anthranilate degradation, anthranilate => catechol [PATH:bhg00627 bhg01100 bhg01120]
M00568 Catechol ortho-cleavage, catechol => 3-oxoadipate [PATH:bhg00362 bhg01220 bhg01100 bhg01120]

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
M00643 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MexXY-OprM
M00698 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump BpeEF-OprC

Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00615 Nitrate assimilation
M00616 Sulfate-sulfur assimilation