KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:brh00010 brh01200 brh01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:brh00010 brh01200 brh01230 brh01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:brh00010 brh00020 brh01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:brh00010 brh00020 brh00620 brh00785 brh01200 brh01210 brh01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:brh00020 brh01200 brh01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:brh00020 brh01200 brh01210 brh01230 brh01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:brh00020 brh01200 brh01210 brh01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:brh00030 brh01200 brh01100 brh01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:brh00030 brh01200 brh01100 brh01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:brh00030 brh01200 brh01230 brh01100 brh01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:brh00030 brh00230 brh01200 brh01230 brh01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:brh00030 brh01200 brh01100 brh01120]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:brh00052 brh01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:brh00500 brh01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:brh00500 brh01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:brh00630 brh01200 brh01100 brh01110]
M00982 Methylcitrate cycle [PATH:brh00640 brh00020 brh01200 brh01100 brh01120]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:brh00562 brh01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:brh00562 brh01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:brh00620 brh00710 brh01200 brh01100 brh01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:brh00620 brh00720 brh01200 brh01100 brh01120]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:brh00190 brh01100]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:brh00190 brh01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:brh00190 brh01100]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:brh00190 brh01100]
M00153 Cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:brh00190]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:brh00190 brh01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:brh00061 brh01212 brh01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:brh00061 brh01212 brh01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:brh01212 brh01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:brh01040 brh01212 brh01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:brh00061 brh00071 brh01212 brh01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:brh00071 brh01212 brh01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:brh01040 brh01212 brh01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH:brh01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:brh01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:brh01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:brh01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:brh00561 brh01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:brh00561 brh01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:brh00564 brh01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:brh00564 brh01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:brh00564 brh01100]
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:brh00564 brh01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:brh01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:brh01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:brh01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:brh01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:brh01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:brh00230 brh01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:brh00230 brh01232 brh01240 brh01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:brh00230 brh01232 brh01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:brh00230 brh00240 brh01232 brh01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:brh00230 brh01232 brh01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:brh00240 brh01232 brh01240 brh01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:brh00240 brh01232 brh01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:brh00240 brh00410 brh00770 brh01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:brh00260 brh00680 brh01200 brh01230 brh01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:brh00260 brh01230 brh01100 brh01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:brh00260 brh00630 brh00670 brh00785 brh01200 brh01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:brh00260 brh00670 brh01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:brh00260 brh00670 brh01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:brh00270 brh00920 brh01320 brh01200 brh01230 brh01100 brh01110]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:brh00260 brh00270 brh00670 brh01230 brh01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:brh00290 brh00770 brh01210 brh01230 brh01100 brh01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:brh00290 brh01230 brh01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:brh00290 brh01210 brh01230 brh01100 brh01110]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:brh00300 brh01230 brh01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:brh00220 brh01210 brh01230 brh01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:brh00220 brh01230 brh01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:brh00330 brh01230 brh01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:brh00330 brh01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:brh00330 brh01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:brh00330 brh01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:brh00330 brh01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:brh00340 brh01230 brh01100 brh01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:brh00340 brh01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:brh00400 brh01230 brh01100 brh01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:brh00400 brh01230 brh01100 brh01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH:brh00400 brh01230 brh01100 brh01110]
M00025 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => HPP => tyrosine [PATH:brh00400 brh01230 brh01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:brh00350 brh01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:brh00350 brh01100]
M00533 Homoprotocatechuate degradation, homoprotocatechuate => 2-oxohept-3-enedioate [PATH:brh00350 brh01220 brh01100 brh01120]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:brh00380 brh01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:brh00250 brh00650 brh01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:brh00480 brh01240 brh01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00892 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, eukaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:brh00520 brh01250 brh01100]
M00909 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, prokaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:brh00520 brh01250 brh01100]
M00995 UDP-MurNAc biosynthesis, Fru-6P => UDP-MurNAc [PATH:brh00520 brh01250 brh01100]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:brh00520 brh01250 brh01100]
M01004 UDP-Galf biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-Galf [PATH:brh00520 brh00052 brh01250 brh01100]
M00554 UDP-Gal biosynthesis, Gal => UDP-Gal [PATH:brh00520 brh00052 brh01250 brh01100]
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man [PATH:brh00520 brh01250 brh01100]
M00063 CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate biosynthesis, ribulose-5P => CMP-KDO [PATH:brh00541 brh01250 brh01100]
M00955 CMP-Neu5Ac/Neu5Gc biosynthesis, animals, UDP-GlcNAc => CMP-Neu5Ac => CMP-Neu5Gc [PATH:brh00541 brh01250 brh01100]
M01014 UDP-ManNAcA biosynthesis, UDP-GlcNAc => UDP-ManNAcA [PATH:brh00541]
M00064 ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose biosynthesis, sedoheptulose-7P => ADP-LDmanHep [PATH:brh00541 brh01250 brh01100]
M00793 dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis, glucose-1P => dTDP-L-Rha [PATH:brh00521 brh00523 brh00541 brh01250 brh01100 brh01110]

Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:brh01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:brh01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:brh01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:brh01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:brh01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:brh01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:brh01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:brh01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:brh00730 brh01100]
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:brh00750 brh01240 brh01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:brh00760 brh01240 brh01100]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:brh00770 brh01240 brh01100 brh01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:brh00770 brh01240 brh01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:brh00785 brh01240 brh01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:brh00790 brh00670 brh01240 brh01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:brh00790 brh01240 brh01100]
M00988 PreQ1 biosynthesis, GTP => 7-Aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine [PATH:brh00790 brh01100]
M00140 C1-unit interconversion, prokaryotes [PATH:brh00670 brh01240 brh01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:brh00670 brh01240 brh01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:brh00860 brh01240 brh01100 brh01110]
M00117 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:brh00130 brh01240 brh01100 brh01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:brh00900 brh01100 brh01110]
M00364 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, bacteria [PATH:brh00900 brh01100 brh01110]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:brh00900 brh01100 brh01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity