KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:bspl00010 bspl01200 bspl01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:bspl00010 bspl01200 bspl01230 bspl01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:bspl00010 bspl00020 bspl01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:bspl00010 bspl00020 bspl00620 bspl00785 bspl01200 bspl01210 bspl01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:bspl00020 bspl01200 bspl01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:bspl00020 bspl01200 bspl01210 bspl01230 bspl01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:bspl00020 bspl01200 bspl01210 bspl01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:bspl00030 bspl01200 bspl01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:bspl00030 bspl01200 bspl01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:bspl00030 bspl01200 bspl01230 bspl01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:bspl00030 bspl00230 bspl01200 bspl01230 bspl01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:bspl00040 bspl01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:bspl00052 bspl01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:bspl00500 bspl01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:bspl00500 bspl01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:bspl00520 bspl01250 bspl01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:bspl00520 bspl00052 bspl01250 bspl01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:bspl00520 bspl01250 bspl01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:bspl00280 bspl00630 bspl00640 bspl01200 bspl01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:bspl00562 bspl01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:bspl00562 bspl01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:bspl00562 bspl01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:bspl00190 bspl01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:bspl00190 bspl01100]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:bspl00190 bspl01100]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:bspl00190 bspl01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:bspl00190 bspl01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:bspl00190 bspl01100]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:bspl00190 bspl01100]
M00154 Cytochrome c oxidase [PATH:bspl00190 bspl01100]
M00158 F-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:bspl00190 bspl01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:bspl00190 bspl01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:bspl00061 bspl01212 bspl01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:bspl00061 bspl01212 bspl01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:bspl00061 bspl01212 bspl01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:bspl00062 bspl01212 bspl01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:bspl00062 bspl01040 bspl01212 bspl01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:bspl00061 bspl00071 bspl01212 bspl01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:bspl00071 bspl01212 bspl01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:bspl01040 bspl01212 bspl01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:bspl00100 bspl01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:bspl00100 bspl01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:bspl00140 bspl01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:bspl00140 bspl01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:bspl00140 bspl01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:bspl00140 bspl01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:bspl00561 bspl01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:bspl00561 bspl01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:bspl00564 bspl01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:bspl00564 bspl01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:bspl00564 bspl01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:bspl00600 bspl01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:bspl00600 bspl01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:bspl00600 bspl00565 bspl01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:bspl00600 bspl01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:bspl00600 bspl01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:bspl00230 bspl01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:bspl00230 bspl01232 bspl01240 bspl01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:bspl00230 bspl01232 bspl01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:bspl00230 bspl00240 bspl01232 bspl01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:bspl00230 bspl01232 bspl01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:bspl00230 bspl01232 bspl01100]
M00546 Purine degradation, xanthine => urea [PATH:bspl00230 bspl01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:bspl00240 bspl01240 bspl01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:bspl00240 bspl01232 bspl01240 bspl01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:bspl00240 bspl01232 bspl01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:bspl00240 bspl00410 bspl00770 bspl01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:bspl00260 bspl01200 bspl01230 bspl01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:bspl00260 bspl00630 bspl00785 bspl01200 bspl01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:bspl00260 bspl01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:bspl00260 bspl01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:bspl00260 bspl00270 bspl01230 bspl01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:bspl00270 bspl01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:bspl00270 bspl01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:bspl00280 bspl01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:bspl00310 bspl01210 bspl01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:bspl00220 bspl01230 bspl01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:bspl00220 bspl01230 bspl01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:bspl00330 bspl01230 bspl01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:bspl00330 bspl01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:bspl00330 bspl01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:bspl00330 bspl00260 bspl01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:bspl00330 bspl01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:bspl00330 bspl01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:bspl00340 bspl01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:bspl00350 bspl01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:bspl00350 bspl01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:bspl00350 bspl01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:bspl00380 bspl01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:bspl00380 bspl01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:bspl00250 bspl00650 bspl01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:bspl00480 bspl01240 bspl01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:bspl00510 bspl01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:bspl00510 bspl01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:bspl00510 bspl01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:bspl00515 bspl01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:bspl00563 bspl01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:bspl00601 bspl01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:bspl00601 bspl01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:bspl00604 bspl01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:bspl00532 bspl00534 bspl01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:bspl00532 bspl01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:bspl00534 bspl01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:bspl00531 bspl01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:bspl00531 bspl01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:bspl00531 bspl01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:bspl00531 bspl01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:bspl00380 bspl00760 bspl01240 bspl01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:bspl00770 bspl01240 bspl01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:bspl00785 bspl01240 bspl01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:bspl00785 bspl01240 bspl01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:bspl00790 bspl01240 bspl01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:bspl00790 bspl01240 bspl01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:bspl00670 bspl01240 bspl01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:bspl00860 bspl01240 bspl01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:bspl00130 bspl01240 bspl01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:bspl00900 bspl01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:bspl00900 bspl01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity