KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:btax00010 btax01200 btax01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:btax00010 btax01200 btax01230 btax01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:btax00010 btax00020 btax01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:btax00010 btax00020 btax00620 btax00785 btax01200 btax01210 btax01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:btax00020 btax01200 btax01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:btax00020 btax01200 btax01210 btax01230 btax01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:btax00020 btax01200 btax01210 btax01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:btax00030 btax01200 btax01230 btax01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:btax00030 btax00230 btax01200 btax01230 btax01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:btax00040 btax01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:btax00052 btax01100]
M00129 Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate [PATH:btax00040 btax00053 btax01240 btax01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:btax00500 btax01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:btax00500 btax01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:btax00280 btax00630 btax00640 btax01200 btax01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:btax00562 btax01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:btax00562 btax01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:btax00562 btax01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:btax00190 btax01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:btax00190 btax01100]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:btax00190 btax01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:btax00190 btax01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:btax00190 btax01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:btax00190 btax01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:btax00061 btax01212 btax01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:btax00061 btax01212 btax01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:btax00061 btax01212 btax01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:btax00062 btax01212 btax01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:btax00062 btax01040 btax01212 btax01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:btax00061 btax00071 btax01212 btax01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:btax00071 btax01212 btax01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:btax01040 btax01212 btax01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:btax00100 btax01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:btax00100 btax01100]
M00106 Conjugated bile acid biosynthesis, cholate => taurocholate/glycocholate [PATH:btax00120 btax01100]
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH:btax00120 btax01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:btax00140 btax01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:btax00140 btax01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:btax00140 btax01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:btax00140 btax01100]
M00977 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis (androgen backdoor pathway), pregnenolone => androsterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:btax00140 btax01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:btax00561 btax01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:btax00561 btax01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:btax00564 btax01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:btax00564 btax01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:btax00564 btax01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:btax00600 btax01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:btax00600 btax01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:btax00600 btax00565 btax01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:btax00600 btax01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:btax00600 btax01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:btax00230 btax01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:btax00230 btax01232 btax01240 btax01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:btax00230 btax01232 btax01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:btax00230 btax00240 btax01232 btax01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:btax00230 btax01232 btax01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:btax00230 btax01232 btax01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:btax00240 btax01240 btax01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:btax00240 btax01232 btax01240 btax01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:btax00240 btax01232 btax01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:btax00240 btax00410 btax00770 btax01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:btax00260 btax01200 btax01230 btax01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:btax00260 btax00630 btax00670 btax00785 btax01200 btax01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:btax00260 btax00670 btax01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:btax00260 btax00670 btax01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:btax00260 btax00270 btax00670 btax01230 btax01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:btax00270 btax01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:btax00270 btax00670 btax01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:btax00280 btax01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:btax00310 btax01210 btax01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:btax00220 btax01230 btax01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:btax00220 btax01230 btax01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:btax00330 btax01230 btax01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:btax00330 btax01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:btax00330 btax01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:btax00330 btax00260 btax01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:btax00330 btax01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:btax00330 btax01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:btax00340 btax01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:btax00350 btax01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:btax00350 btax01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:btax00350 btax01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:btax00380 btax01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:btax00380 btax01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:btax00250 btax00650 btax01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:btax00480 btax01240 btax01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00892 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, eukaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:btax00520 btax01250 btax01100]
M01003 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, GlcNAc => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:btax00520 btax01250]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:btax00520 btax01250 btax01100]
M00554 UDP-Gal biosynthesis, Gal => UDP-Gal [PATH:btax00520 btax00052 btax01250 btax01100]
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man [PATH:btax00520 btax01250]
M01001 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, L-Fuc => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:btax00520 btax01250]
M00955 CMP-Neu5Ac/Neu5Gc biosynthesis, animals, UDP-GlcNAc => CMP-Neu5Ac => CMP-Neu5Gc [PATH:btax00541 btax01250]

Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:btax00510 btax01100]
M00072 N-glycosylation by oligosaccharyltransferase [PATH:btax00510 btax00513 btax01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:btax00510 btax01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:btax00510 btax01100]
M00056 O-glycan biosynthesis, mucin type core [PATH:btax00512 btax01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:btax00515 btax01100]
M00983 GPI-anchor remodeling [PATH:btax00563 btax01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:btax00601 btax01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:btax00601 btax01100]
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer [PATH:btax00603 btax01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:btax00604 btax01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:btax00532 btax00534 btax01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:btax00532 btax01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:btax00534 btax01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:btax00531 btax01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:btax00531 btax01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:btax00531 btax01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:btax00531 btax01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:btax00380 btax00760 btax01240 btax01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:btax00770 btax01240 btax01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:btax00785 btax01240 btax01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:btax00785 btax01240 btax01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:btax00790 btax01240 btax01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:btax00790 btax01240 btax01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:btax00670 btax01240 btax01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:btax00860 btax01240 btax01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinone [PATH:btax00130 btax01240 btax01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:btax00900 btax01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:btax00900 btax01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity