KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:cery00010 cery01200 cery01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:cery00010 cery01200 cery01230 cery01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:cery00010 cery00020 cery01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:cery00010 cery00020 cery00620 cery00785 cery01200 cery01210 cery01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:cery00020 cery01200 cery01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:cery00020 cery01200 cery01210 cery01230 cery01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:cery00020 cery01200 cery01210 cery01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:cery00030 cery01200 cery01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:cery00030 cery01200 cery01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:cery00030 cery01200 cery01230 cery01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:cery00030 cery00230 cery01200 cery01230 cery01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:cery00040 cery01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:cery00052 cery01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:cery00500 cery01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:cery00500 cery01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:cery00280 cery00630 cery00640 cery01200 cery01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:cery00562 cery01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:cery00562 cery01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:cery00562 cery01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:cery00190 cery01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:cery00190 cery01100]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:cery00190 cery01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:cery00190 cery01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:cery00190 cery01100]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:cery00190 cery01100]
M00154 Cytochrome c oxidase [PATH:cery00190 cery01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:cery00190 cery01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:cery00061 cery01212 cery01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:cery00061 cery01212 cery01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:cery00061 cery01212 cery01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:cery00062 cery01212 cery01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:cery00062 cery01040 cery01212 cery01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:cery00061 cery00071 cery01212 cery01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:cery00071 cery01212 cery01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:cery01040 cery01212 cery01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:cery00100 cery01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:cery00100 cery01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:cery00140 cery01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:cery00140 cery01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:cery00140 cery01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:cery00140 cery01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:cery00561 cery01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:cery00561 cery01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:cery00564 cery01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:cery00564 cery01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:cery00564 cery01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:cery00600 cery01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:cery00600 cery01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:cery00600 cery00565 cery01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:cery00600 cery01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:cery00600 cery01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:cery00230 cery01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:cery00230 cery01232 cery01240 cery01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:cery00230 cery01232 cery01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:cery00230 cery00240 cery01232 cery01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:cery00230 cery01232 cery01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:cery00230 cery01232 cery01100]
M00546 Purine degradation, xanthine => urea [PATH:cery00230 cery01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:cery00240 cery01240 cery01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:cery00240 cery01232 cery01240 cery01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:cery00240 cery01232 cery01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:cery00240 cery00410 cery00770 cery01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:cery00260 cery01200 cery01230 cery01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:cery00260 cery00630 cery00670 cery00785 cery01200 cery01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:cery00260 cery00670 cery01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:cery00260 cery00670 cery01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:cery00260 cery00270 cery00670 cery01230 cery01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:cery00270 cery01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:cery00270 cery00670 cery01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:cery00280 cery01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:cery00310 cery01210 cery01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:cery00220 cery01230 cery01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:cery00220 cery01230 cery01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:cery00330 cery01230 cery01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:cery00330 cery01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:cery00330 cery01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:cery00330 cery00260 cery01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:cery00330 cery01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:cery00330 cery01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:cery00340 cery01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:cery00350 cery01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:cery00350 cery01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:cery00350 cery01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:cery00380 cery01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:cery00380 cery01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:cery00250 cery00650 cery01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:cery00480 cery01240 cery01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00892 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, eukaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:cery00520 cery01250 cery01100]
M01003 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, GlcNAc => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:cery00520 cery01250 cery01100]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:cery00520 cery01250 cery01100]
M00554 UDP-Gal biosynthesis, Gal => UDP-Gal [PATH:cery00520 cery00052 cery01250 cery01100]
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man [PATH:cery00520 cery01250 cery01100]
M01001 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, L-Fuc => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:cery00520 cery01250 cery01100]
M00955 CMP-Neu5Ac/Neu5Gc biosynthesis, animals, UDP-GlcNAc => CMP-Neu5Ac => CMP-Neu5Gc [PATH:cery00541 cery01250 cery01100]
M01016 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, GDP-Man => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:cery00541]

Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:cery00510 cery01100]
M00072 N-glycosylation by oligosaccharyltransferase [PATH:cery00510 cery00513 cery01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:cery00510 cery01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:cery00510 cery01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:cery00515 cery01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:cery00563 cery01100]
M00983 GPI-anchor remodeling [PATH:cery00563 cery01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:cery00601 cery01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:cery00601 cery01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:cery00604 cery01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:cery00532 cery00534 cery01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:cery00532 cery01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:cery00534 cery01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:cery00531 cery01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:cery00531 cery01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:cery00531 cery01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:cery00531 cery01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:cery00770 cery01240 cery01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:cery00785 cery01240 cery01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:cery00785 cery01240 cery01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:cery00790 cery01240 cery01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:cery00790 cery01240 cery01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:cery00670 cery01240 cery01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:cery00860 cery01240 cery01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinone [PATH:cery00130 cery01240 cery01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:cery00900 cery01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:cery00900 cery01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity