KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:cge00010 cge01200 cge01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:cge00010 cge01200 cge01230 cge01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:cge00010 cge00020 cge01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:cge00010 cge00020 cge00620 cge01200 cge01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:cge00020 cge01200 cge01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:cge00020 cge01200 cge01210 cge01230 cge01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:cge00020 cge01200 cge01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:cge00030 cge01200 cge01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:cge00030 cge01200 cge01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:cge00030 cge01200 cge01230 cge01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:cge00030 cge00230 cge01200 cge01230 cge01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:cge00040 cge01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:cge00052 cge01100]
M00129 Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate [PATH:cge00040 cge00053 cge01240 cge01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:cge00500 cge01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:cge00500 cge01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:cge00520 cge01250 cge01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:cge00520 cge00052 cge01250 cge01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:cge00520 cge01250 cge01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:cge00280 cge00630 cge00640 cge01200 cge01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:cge00562 cge01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:cge00562 cge01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:cge00562 cge01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:cge00430 cge00620 cge01200 cge01100]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
M00530 Dissimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:cge00910 cge01100]

Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:cge00190]
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:cge00190]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:cge00190]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:cge00190]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:cge00190]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:cge00190]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:cge00190]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:cge00190]
M00154 Cytochrome c oxidase [PATH:cge00190]
M00156 Cytochrome c oxidase, cbb3-type [PATH:cge00190]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:cge00190]
M00158 F-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:cge00190]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:cge00190]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:cge00061 cge01212 cge01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:cge00061 cge01212 cge01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:cge00061 cge01212 cge01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:cge00062 cge01212 cge01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:cge00062 cge01040 cge01212 cge01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:cge00061 cge00071 cge01212 cge01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:cge00071 cge01212 cge01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:cge01040 cge01212 cge01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, squalene 2,3-epoxide => cholesterol [PATH:cge00100 cge01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:cge00100 cge01100]
M00106 Conjugated bile acid biosynthesis, cholate => taurocholate/glycocholate [PATH:cge00120 cge01100]
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH:cge00120 cge01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => prognenolone => progesterone [PATH:cge00140 cge01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:cge00140 cge01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:cge00140 cge01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:cge00561 cge01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:cge00561 cge01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:cge00564 cge01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:cge00564 cge01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:cge00564 cge01100]
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:cge00564 cge01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:cge00600 cge01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:cge00600 cge01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:cge00600 cge00565 cge01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:cge00600 cge01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:cge00600 cge01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:cge00230 cge01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:cge00230 cge01232 cge01240 cge01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:cge00230 cge01232 cge01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:cge00230 cge00240 cge01232 cge01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:cge00230 cge01232]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:cge00230 cge01232]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:cge00240 cge01240 cge01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:cge00240 cge01232 cge01240 cge01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:cge00240 cge01232 cge01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:cge00240 cge01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:cge00260 cge01200 cge01230 cge01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:cge00260 cge01230 cge01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:cge00260 cge01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:cge00270 cge00920 cge01200 cge01230 cge01100]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:cge00260 cge00270 cge01230 cge01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:cge00270 cge01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:cge00270 cge01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:cge00290 cge00770 cge01210 cge01230 cge01100]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:cge00290 cge01230 cge01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:cge00290 cge01210 cge01230 cge01100]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:cge00280 cge01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:cge01230 cge01100]
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:cge00310 cge01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:cge00220 cge01210 cge01230 cge01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:cge00220 cge01230 cge01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:cge00220 cge01230 cge01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:cge00330 cge01230 cge01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:cge00330 cge01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00133 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => agmatine => putrescine => spermidine [PATH:cge00330 cge01100]
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:cge00330 cge01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:cge00330 cge01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:cge00340 cge01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:cge00400 cge01230 cge01100]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:cge00400 cge01230 cge01100]
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:cge00350 cge01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:cge00350 cge01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:cge00350 cge01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:cge00380 cge01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:cge00380 cge01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:cge00250 cge00650 cge01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:cge00480 cge01240 cge01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:cge00510 cge01100]
M00072 N-glycosylation by oligosaccharyltransferase [PATH:cge00510 cge00513 cge01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:cge00510 cge01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:cge00510 cge01100]
M00056 O-glycan biosynthesis, mucin type core [PATH:cge00512 cge01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:cge00515 cge01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:cge00563 cge01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:cge00601 cge01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:cge00601 cge01100]
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer [PATH:cge00603 cge01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:cge00604 cge01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:cge00532 cge00534 cge01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:cge00532 cge01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:cge00534 cge01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:cge00531 cge01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:cge00531 cge01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:cge00531 cge01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:cge00531 cge01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
M00063 CMP-KDO biosynthesis [PATH:cge01250 cge01100]

Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:cge00730 cge01100]
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:cge00380 cge00760 cge01240 cge01100]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:cge00770 cge01240 cge01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:cge00770 cge01240 cge01100]
M00572 Pimeloyl-ACP biosynthesis, BioC-BioH pathway, malonyl-ACP => pimeloyl-ACP [PATH:cge00780 cge01240 cge01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:cge00785 cge01240 cge01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:cge00785 cge01240 cge01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:cge00790 cge01240 cge01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:cge00790 cge01240 cge01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:cge00670 cge01240 cge01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:cge00860 cge01240 cge01100]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:cge00860 cge01240 cge01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:cge00130 cge01240 cge01100]
M00931 Menaquinone biosynthesis, modified futalosine pathway [PATH:cge00130 cge01240 cge01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:cge00900 cge01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:cge00900 cge01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
M00793 dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis [PATH:cge01250 cge01100]

Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity