KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:cjo00010 cjo01200 cjo01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:cjo00010 cjo01200 cjo01230 cjo01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:cjo00010 cjo00020 cjo01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:cjo00010 cjo00020 cjo00620 cjo00785 cjo01200 cjo01210 cjo01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:cjo00020 cjo01200 cjo01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:cjo00020 cjo01200 cjo01210 cjo01230 cjo01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:cjo00020 cjo01200 cjo01210 cjo01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:cjo00030 cjo01200 cjo01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:cjo00030 cjo01200 cjo01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:cjo00030 cjo01200 cjo01230 cjo01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:cjo00030 cjo00230 cjo01200 cjo01230 cjo01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:cjo00040 cjo01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:cjo00052 cjo01100]
M00129 Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate [PATH:cjo00040 cjo00053 cjo01240 cjo01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:cjo00500 cjo01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:cjo00500 cjo01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:cjo00520 cjo01250 cjo01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:cjo00520 cjo00052 cjo01250 cjo01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:cjo00520 cjo01250 cjo01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:cjo00280 cjo00630 cjo00640 cjo01200 cjo01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:cjo00562 cjo01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:cjo00562 cjo01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:cjo00562 cjo01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:cjo00190 cjo01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:cjo00190 cjo01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:cjo00190 cjo01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:cjo00190 cjo01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:cjo00061 cjo01212 cjo01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:cjo00061 cjo01212 cjo01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:cjo00062 cjo01212 cjo01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:cjo00062 cjo01040 cjo01212 cjo01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:cjo00061 cjo00071 cjo01212 cjo01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:cjo00071 cjo01212 cjo01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:cjo01040 cjo01212 cjo01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:cjo00100 cjo01100]
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH:cjo00120 cjo01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:cjo00140 cjo01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:cjo00140 cjo01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:cjo00140 cjo01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:cjo00561 cjo01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:cjo00561 cjo01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:cjo00564 cjo01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:cjo00564 cjo01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:cjo00564 cjo01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:cjo00600 cjo01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:cjo00600 cjo01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:cjo00600 cjo00565 cjo01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:cjo00600 cjo01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:cjo00600 cjo01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:cjo00230 cjo01232 cjo01240 cjo01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:cjo00230 cjo01232 cjo01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:cjo00230 cjo00240 cjo01232 cjo01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:cjo00230 cjo01232 cjo01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:cjo00230 cjo01232 cjo01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:cjo00240 cjo01240 cjo01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:cjo00240 cjo01232 cjo01240 cjo01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:cjo00240 cjo01232 cjo01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:cjo00240 cjo00410 cjo00770 cjo01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:cjo00260 cjo01200 cjo01230 cjo01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:cjo00260 cjo00630 cjo00785 cjo01200 cjo01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:cjo00260 cjo01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:cjo00260 cjo01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:cjo00260 cjo00270 cjo01230 cjo01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:cjo00270 cjo01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:cjo00280 cjo01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:cjo00310 cjo01210 cjo01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:cjo00220 cjo01230 cjo01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:cjo00220 cjo01230 cjo01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:cjo00330 cjo01230 cjo01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:cjo00330 cjo01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:cjo00330 cjo01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:cjo00330 cjo00260 cjo01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:cjo00330 cjo01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:cjo00330 cjo01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:cjo00340 cjo01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:cjo00350 cjo01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:cjo00350 cjo01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:cjo00350 cjo01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:cjo00380 cjo01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:cjo00380 cjo01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:cjo00250 cjo00650 cjo01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:cjo00480 cjo01240 cjo01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:cjo00510 cjo01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:cjo00515 cjo01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:cjo00601 cjo01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:cjo00601 cjo01100]
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer [PATH:cjo00603 cjo01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:cjo00604 cjo01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:cjo00532 cjo01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:cjo00534 cjo01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:cjo00531 cjo01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:cjo00531 cjo01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:cjo00531 cjo01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:cjo00531 cjo01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:cjo00380 cjo00760 cjo01240 cjo01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:cjo00770 cjo01240 cjo01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:cjo00785 cjo01240 cjo01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:cjo00785 cjo01240 cjo01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:cjo00790 cjo01240 cjo01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:cjo00790 cjo01240 cjo01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:cjo00670 cjo01240 cjo01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:cjo00860 cjo01240 cjo01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:cjo00130 cjo01240 cjo01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:cjo00900 cjo01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:cjo00900 cjo01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity