KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:cpoc00010 cpoc01200 cpoc01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:cpoc00010 cpoc01200 cpoc01230 cpoc01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:cpoc00010 cpoc00020 cpoc01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:cpoc00010 cpoc00020 cpoc00620 cpoc01200 cpoc01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:cpoc00020 cpoc01200 cpoc01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:cpoc00020 cpoc01200 cpoc01210 cpoc01230 cpoc01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:cpoc00020 cpoc01200 cpoc01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:cpoc00030 cpoc01200 cpoc01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:cpoc00030 cpoc01200 cpoc01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:cpoc00030 cpoc01200 cpoc01230 cpoc01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:cpoc00030 cpoc00230 cpoc01200 cpoc01230 cpoc01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:cpoc00040 cpoc01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:cpoc00052 cpoc01100]
M00129 Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate [PATH:cpoc00040 cpoc00053 cpoc01240 cpoc01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:cpoc00500 cpoc01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:cpoc00500 cpoc01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:cpoc00520 cpoc01250 cpoc01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:cpoc00520 cpoc00052 cpoc01250 cpoc01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:cpoc00520 cpoc01250 cpoc01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:cpoc00280 cpoc00630 cpoc00640 cpoc01200 cpoc01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:cpoc00562 cpoc01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:cpoc00562 cpoc01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:cpoc00562 cpoc01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:cpoc00190]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:cpoc00190]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:cpoc00190]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:cpoc00190]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:cpoc00190]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:cpoc00190]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:cpoc00190]
M00154 Cytochrome c oxidase [PATH:cpoc00190]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:cpoc00190]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:cpoc00061 cpoc01212 cpoc01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:cpoc00061 cpoc01212 cpoc01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:cpoc00061 cpoc01212 cpoc01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:cpoc00062 cpoc01212 cpoc01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:cpoc00062 cpoc01040 cpoc01212 cpoc01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:cpoc00061 cpoc00071 cpoc01212 cpoc01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:cpoc00071 cpoc01212 cpoc01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:cpoc01040 cpoc01212 cpoc01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, squalene 2,3-epoxide => cholesterol [PATH:cpoc00100 cpoc01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:cpoc00100 cpoc01100]
M00106 Conjugated bile acid biosynthesis, cholate => taurocholate/glycocholate [PATH:cpoc00120 cpoc01100]
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH:cpoc00120 cpoc01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => prognenolone => progesterone [PATH:cpoc00140 cpoc01100]
M00108 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => corticosterone/aldosterone [PATH:cpoc00140 cpoc01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:cpoc00140 cpoc01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:cpoc00140 cpoc01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:cpoc00561 cpoc01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:cpoc00561 cpoc01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:cpoc00564 cpoc01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:cpoc00564 cpoc01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:cpoc00564 cpoc01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:cpoc00600 cpoc01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:cpoc00600 cpoc01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:cpoc00600 cpoc00565 cpoc01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:cpoc00600 cpoc01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:cpoc00600 cpoc01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:cpoc00230 cpoc01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:cpoc00230 cpoc01232 cpoc01240 cpoc01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:cpoc00230 cpoc01232 cpoc01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:cpoc00230 cpoc00240 cpoc01232 cpoc01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:cpoc00230 cpoc01232]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:cpoc00230 cpoc01232]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:cpoc00240 cpoc01240 cpoc01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:cpoc00240 cpoc01232 cpoc01240 cpoc01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:cpoc00240 cpoc01232 cpoc01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:cpoc00240 cpoc01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:cpoc00260 cpoc01200 cpoc01230 cpoc01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:cpoc00260 cpoc01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:cpoc00260 cpoc00270 cpoc01230 cpoc01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:cpoc00270 cpoc01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:cpoc00270 cpoc01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:cpoc00310 cpoc01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:cpoc00220 cpoc01230 cpoc01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:cpoc00220 cpoc01230 cpoc01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:cpoc00330 cpoc01230 cpoc01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:cpoc00330 cpoc01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00133 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => agmatine => putrescine => spermidine [PATH:cpoc00330 cpoc01100]
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:cpoc00330 cpoc01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:cpoc00330 cpoc01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:cpoc00340 cpoc01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:cpoc00350 cpoc01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:cpoc00350 cpoc01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:cpoc00350 cpoc01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:cpoc00380 cpoc01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:cpoc00250 cpoc00650 cpoc01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:cpoc00480 cpoc01240 cpoc01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:cpoc00510 cpoc01100]
M00072 N-glycosylation by oligosaccharyltransferase [PATH:cpoc00510 cpoc00513 cpoc01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:cpoc00510 cpoc01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:cpoc00510 cpoc01100]
M00056 O-glycan biosynthesis, mucin type core [PATH:cpoc00512 cpoc01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:cpoc00515 cpoc01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:cpoc00563 cpoc01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:cpoc00601 cpoc01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:cpoc00601 cpoc01100]
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer [PATH:cpoc00603 cpoc01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:cpoc00604 cpoc01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:cpoc00532 cpoc00534 cpoc01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:cpoc00532 cpoc01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:cpoc00534 cpoc01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:cpoc00531 cpoc01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:cpoc00531 cpoc01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:cpoc00531 cpoc01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:cpoc00531 cpoc01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:cpoc00380 cpoc00760 cpoc01240 cpoc01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:cpoc00770 cpoc01240 cpoc01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:cpoc00785 cpoc01240 cpoc01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:cpoc00785 cpoc01240 cpoc01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:cpoc00790 cpoc01240 cpoc01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:cpoc00790 cpoc01240 cpoc01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:cpoc00670 cpoc01240 cpoc01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:cpoc00860 cpoc01240 cpoc01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:cpoc00130 cpoc01240 cpoc01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:cpoc00900 cpoc01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:cpoc00900 cpoc01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity