KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:cte00010 cte01200 cte01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:cte00010 cte01200 cte01230 cte01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:cte00010 cte00020 cte01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:cte00010 cte00020 cte00620 cte00785 cte01200 cte01210 cte01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:cte00020 cte01200 cte01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:cte00020 cte01200 cte01210 cte01230 cte01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:cte00020 cte01200 cte01210 cte01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:cte00030 cte01200 cte01100 cte01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose-6P => ribulose-5P [PATH:cte00030 cte01200 cte01100 cte01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose-6P => ribose-5P [PATH:cte00030 cte01200 cte01230 cte01100 cte01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose-5P => PRPP [PATH:cte00030 cte00230 cte01200 cte01230 cte01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:cte00030 cte01200 cte01100 cte01120]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00631 D-Galacturonate degradation (bacteria), D-galacturonate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde-3P [PATH:cte00040 cte00030 cte01100]
M00061 D-Glucuronate degradation, D-glucuronate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde-3P [PATH:cte00040 cte00030 cte01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:cte00052 cte01100]
M00552 D-galactonate degradation, De Ley-Doudoroff pathway, D-galactonate => glycerate-3P [PATH:cte00052 cte01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:cte00500 cte01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:cte00500 cte01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:cte00630 cte01200 cte01100 cte01110]
M00013 Malonate semialdehyde pathway, propanoyl-CoA => acetyl-CoA [PATH:cte00410 cte00640 cte01200 cte01100]
M00982 Methylcitrate cycle [PATH:cte00640 cte00020 cte01200 cte01100 cte01120]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:cte00620 cte00710 cte01200 cte01100 cte01120]
M00173 Reductive citrate cycle (Arnon-Buchanan cycle) [PATH:cte00720 cte01200 cte01100 cte01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:cte00430 cte00620 cte00720 cte01200 cte01100 cte01120]

Methane metabolism
M00344 Formaldehyde assimilation, xylulose monophosphate pathway [PATH:cte00680 cte01200 cte01100 cte01120]

Nitrogen metabolism
M00175 Nitrogen fixation, nitrogen => ammonia [PATH:cte00910 cte01100 cte01120]
M00531 Assimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:cte00910 cte01100 cte01120]
M00530 Dissimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:cte00910 cte01100 cte01120]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:cte00920 cte01320 cte01100 cte01120]
M00596 Dissimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:cte00920 cte01320 cte01100 cte01120]
M00595 Sulfur oxidation, SOX system, thiosulfate => sulfate [PATH:cte00920 cte01320 cte01100 cte01120]
M00985 Sulfide oxidation, sulfide => sulfur [PATH:cte00920 cte01320 cte01100 cte01120]

Photosynthesis
M00598 Anoxygenic photosystem I

ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:cte00190 cte01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:cte00190 cte01100]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:cte00190 cte01100]
M00150 Fumarate reductase, prokaryotes [PATH:cte00190 cte01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:cte00190 cte01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:cte00190 cte01100]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:cte00190 cte01100]
M00153 Cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:cte00190 cte01100]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:cte00190 cte01100]
M00156 Cytochrome c oxidase, cbb3-type [PATH:cte00190 cte01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:cte00190 cte01100]
M00159 V/A-type ATPase, prokaryotes [PATH:cte00190 cte01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:cte00061 cte01212 cte01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:cte00061 cte01212 cte01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:cte01212 cte01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:cte00061 cte00071 cte01212 cte01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:cte00071 cte01212 cte01100]
M00887 Mycolic acid biosynthesis, meromycolic acid + alpha-carboxyacyl-CoA + trehalose => TMM => TDM/mAGP/GMM [PATH:cte00074 cte01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00102 Ergocalciferol biosynthesis, FPP => ergosterol/ergocalciferol [PATH:cte01100 cte01110]

Lipid metabolism
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:cte00561 cte01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:cte00564 cte01100]
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:cte00564 cte01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:cte00600 cte01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:cte00600 cte01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:cte00230 cte01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:cte00230 cte01232 cte01240 cte01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:cte00230 cte01232 cte01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:cte00230 cte00240 cte01232 cte01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:cte00230 cte01232 cte01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:cte00230 cte01232 cte01100]
M00546 Purine degradation, xanthine => urea [PATH:cte00230 cte01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:cte00240 cte01240 cte01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:cte00240 cte01232 cte01240 cte01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:cte00240 cte01232 cte01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:cte00240 cte00410 cte00770 cte01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:cte00260 cte00680 cte01200 cte01230 cte01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:cte00260 cte01230 cte01100 cte01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:cte00260 cte00630 cte00670 cte00785 cte01200 cte01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:cte00260 cte00670 cte01100]
M00975 Betaine degradation, bacteria, betaine => pyruvate [PATH:cte00260 cte01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:cte00270 cte00920 cte01320 cte01200 cte01230 cte01100 cte01110]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:cte00260 cte00270 cte00670 cte01230 cte01100]
M00017 Methionine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:cte00270 cte01230 cte01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:cte00270 cte01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:cte00290 cte00770 cte01210 cte01230 cte01100 cte01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:cte00290 cte01230 cte01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:cte00290 cte01210 cte01230 cte01100 cte01110]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:cte00300 cte01230 cte01100]
M00526 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP dehydrogenase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:cte00300 cte01230 cte01100]
M00030 Lysine biosynthesis, AAA pathway, 2-oxoglutarate => 2-aminoadipate => lysine [PATH:cte00300 cte01230 cte01100]
M00433 Lysine biosynthesis, 2-oxoglutarate => 2-oxoadipate [PATH:cte00300 cte01210 cte01230 cte01100]
M00956 Lysine degradation, bacteria, L-lysine => succinate [PATH:cte00310 cte01100 cte01120]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:cte00220 cte01210 cte01230 cte01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:cte00220 cte01230 cte01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:cte00330 cte01230 cte01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:cte00330 cte01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:cte00330 cte01100]
M00879 Arginine succinyltransferase pathway, arginine => glutamate [PATH:cte00330 cte01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00133 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => agmatine => putrescine => spermidine [PATH:cte00330 cte01100]
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:cte00330 cte01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:cte00340 cte01230 cte01100 cte01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:cte00340 cte01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:cte00400 cte01230 cte01100 cte01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:cte00400 cte01230 cte01100 cte01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH:cte00400 cte01230 cte01100 cte01110]
M00025 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => HPP => tyrosine [PATH:cte00400 cte01230 cte01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:cte00250 cte00650 cte01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:cte00480 cte01240 cte01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00892 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, eukaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:cte00520 cte01250 cte01100]
M00909 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, prokaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:cte00520 cte01250 cte01100]
M00996 UDP-MurNAc biosynthesis, anhMurNAc => UDP-MurNAc [PATH:cte00520 cte01250 cte01100 cte01100]
M00995 UDP-MurNAc biosynthesis, Fru-6P => UDP-MurNAc [PATH:cte00520 cte01250 cte01100]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:cte00520 cte01250 cte01100]
M01004 UDP-Galf biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-Galf [PATH:cte00520 cte00052 cte01250 cte01100]
M00999 UDP-GlcA/GalA biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-GlcA => UDP-GalA [PATH:cte00520 cte00053 cte01250 cte01100]
M00554 UDP-Gal biosynthesis, Gal => UDP-Gal [PATH:cte00520 cte00052 cte01250 cte01100]
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man [PATH:cte00520 cte00051 cte01250 cte01100]
M01015 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Man => GDP-Man [PATH:cte00520 cte00051 cte01250 cte01100]
M00063 CMP-KDO biosynthesis, ribulose-5P => CMP-KDO [PATH:cte00541 cte01250 cte01100]
M01014 UDP-ManNAcA biosynthesis, UDP-GlcNAc => UDP-ManNAcA [PATH:cte00541 cte01250 cte01100]
M00064 ADP-LDmanHep biosynthesis, sedoheptulose-7P => ADP-LDmanHep [PATH:cte00541 cte01250 cte01100]
M00761 Und-P-alpha-L-Ara4N biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-L-Ara4FN => Und-P-alpha-L-Ara4N [PATH:cte00541 cte01250 cte01100]
M00793 dTDP-L-Rha biosynthesis, Glc-1P => dTDP-L-Rha [PATH:cte00521 cte00523 cte00541 cte01250 cte01100 cte01110]
M01025 dTDP-D-Fuc4NAc biosynthesis, Glc-1P => dTDP-D-Fuc4NAc [PATH:cte00541 cte01250 cte01100]
M01016 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, GDP-Man => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:cte00541 cte00051 cte01250 cte01100]

Glycan biosynthesis
M00072 N-glycosylation by oligosaccharyltransferase [PATH:cte01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
M00060 KDO2-lipid A biosynthesis, Raetz pathway, LpxL-LpxM type [PATH:cte00540 cte01100]

Other polysaccharide metabolism
M00888 Galactofuranan biosynthesis, decaprenyl phosphate + UDP-GlcNAc (+ dTDP-Rha/UDP-Galf) => GL-5 [PATH:cte01100]

Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00127 Thiamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, AIR (+ DXP/tyrosine) => TMP/TPP [PATH:cte00730 cte01240 cte01100]
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:cte00730 cte01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:cte00740 cte01240 cte01100 cte01110]
M00911 Riboflavin biosynthesis, fungi, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:cte00740 cte01240 cte01100]
M00124 Pyridoxal phosphate biosynthesis, erythrose-4P => pyridoxal-P [PATH:cte00750 cte01240 cte01100]
M00916 Pyridoxal phosphate biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:cte00750 cte01240 cte01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:cte00760 cte01240 cte01100]
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:cte00380 cte00760 cte01240 cte01100]
M00622 Nicotinate degradation, nicotinate => fumarate [PATH:cte00760 cte01100 cte01120]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:cte00770 cte01240 cte01100 cte01110]
M00913 Pantothenate biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate/spermine => pantothenate [PATH:cte00770 cte01240 cte01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:cte00770 cte01240 cte01100]
M00572 Pimeloyl-ACP biosynthesis, BioC-BioH pathway, malonyl-ACP => pimeloyl-ACP [PATH:cte00780 cte01240 cte01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:cte00780 cte01240 cte01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:cte00785 cte01240 cte01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:cte00785 cte01240 cte01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:cte00790 cte00670 cte01240 cte01100]
M00840 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, mediated by ribA and trpF, GTP => THF [PATH:cte00790 cte01240 cte01100]
M00843 L-threo-Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => L-threo-BH4 [PATH:cte00790 cte01240 cte01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:cte00790 cte01240 cte01100]
M00988 PreQ1 biosynthesis, GTP => 7-Aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine [PATH:cte00790 cte01100]
M00140 C1-unit interconversion, prokaryotes [PATH:cte00670 cte01240 cte01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:cte00670 cte01240 cte01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:cte00860 cte01240 cte01100 cte01110]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:cte00860 cte01240 cte01100 cte01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:cte00860 cte01240 cte01100 cte01110]
M00926 Heme biosynthesis, bacteria, glutamyl-tRNA => coproporphyrin III => heme [PATH:cte00860 cte01240 cte01100]
M00924 Cobalamin biosynthesis, anaerobic, uroporphyrinogen III => sirohydrochlorin => cobyrinate a,c-diamide [PATH:cte00860 cte01240 cte01100]
M00925 Cobalamin biosynthesis, aerobic, uroporphyrinogen III => precorrin 2 => cobyrinate a,c-diamide [PATH:cte00860 cte01240 cte01100]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH:cte00860 cte01240 cte01100]
M00117 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:cte00130 cte01240 cte01100 cte01110]
M00989 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, O2-independent, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:cte00130 cte01240 cte01100 cte01110]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinone [PATH:cte00130 cte01240 cte01100]
M00116 Menaquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => menaquinol [PATH:cte00130 cte01240 cte01100 cte01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:cte00900 cte01100 cte01110]
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:cte00900 cte01100 cte01110]
M00364 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, bacteria [PATH:cte00900 cte01100 cte01110]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:cte00900 cte01100 cte01110]

Terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Biosynthesis of other compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation
M00551 Benzoate degradation, benzoate => catechol / methylbenzoate => methylcatechol [PATH:cte01220 cte01100 cte01120]
M00568 Catechol ortho-cleavage, catechol => 3-oxoadipate [PATH:cte01220 cte01100 cte01120]
M00624 Terephthalate degradation, terephthalate => 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate [PATH:cte01220 cte01100 cte01120]
M00623 Phthalate degradation, phthalate => protocatechuate [PATH:cte01220 cte01100 cte01120]

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
M00745 Imipenem resistance, repression of porin OprD
M00639 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MexCD-OprJ
M00696 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump AcrEF-TolC
M00698 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump BpeEF-OprC

Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00614 Anoxygenic photosynthesis in green sulfur bacteria
M00615 Nitrate assimilation
M00616 Sulfate-sulfur assimilation