KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:ctul00010 ctul01200 ctul01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:ctul00010 ctul01200 ctul01230 ctul01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:ctul00010 ctul00020 ctul01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:ctul00010 ctul00020 ctul00620 ctul01200 ctul01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:ctul00020 ctul01200 ctul01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:ctul00020 ctul01200 ctul01210 ctul01230 ctul01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:ctul00020 ctul01200 ctul01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:ctul00030 ctul01200 ctul01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:ctul00030 ctul01200 ctul01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:ctul00030 ctul01200 ctul01230 ctul01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:ctul00030 ctul00230 ctul01200 ctul01230 ctul01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:ctul00040 ctul01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:ctul00052 ctul01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:ctul00500 ctul01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:ctul00500 ctul01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:ctul00520 ctul01250 ctul01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:ctul00520 ctul00052 ctul01250 ctul01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:ctul00520 ctul01250 ctul01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:ctul00280 ctul00630 ctul00640 ctul01200 ctul01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:ctul00562 ctul01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:ctul00562 ctul01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:ctul00562 ctul01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:ctul00190]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:ctul00190]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:ctul00190]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:ctul00190]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:ctul00190]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:ctul00190]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:ctul00190]
M00154 Cytochrome c oxidase [PATH:ctul00190]
M00158 F-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:ctul00190]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:ctul00190]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:ctul00061 ctul01212 ctul01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:ctul00061 ctul01212 ctul01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:ctul00061 ctul01212 ctul01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:ctul00062 ctul01212 ctul01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:ctul00062 ctul01040 ctul01212 ctul01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:ctul00061 ctul00071 ctul01212 ctul01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:ctul00071 ctul01212 ctul01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:ctul01040 ctul01212 ctul01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, squalene 2,3-epoxide => cholesterol [PATH:ctul00100 ctul01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:ctul00100 ctul01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:ctul00140 ctul01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:ctul00140 ctul01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:ctul00140 ctul01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:ctul00561 ctul01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:ctul00561 ctul01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:ctul00564 ctul01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:ctul00564 ctul01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:ctul00564 ctul01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:ctul00600 ctul01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:ctul00600 ctul01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:ctul00600 ctul00565 ctul01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:ctul00600 ctul01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:ctul00600 ctul01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:ctul00230 ctul01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:ctul00230 ctul01232 ctul01240 ctul01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:ctul00230 ctul01232 ctul01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:ctul00230 ctul00240 ctul01232 ctul01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:ctul00230 ctul01232 ctul01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:ctul00230 ctul01232 ctul01100]
M00546 Purine degradation, xanthine => urea [PATH:ctul00230 ctul01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:ctul00240 ctul01240 ctul01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:ctul00240 ctul01232 ctul01240 ctul01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:ctul00240 ctul01232 ctul01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:ctul00240 ctul01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:ctul00260 ctul01200 ctul01230 ctul01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:ctul00260 ctul01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:ctul00260 ctul00270 ctul01230 ctul01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:ctul00270 ctul01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:ctul00270 ctul01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:ctul00280 ctul01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:ctul00310 ctul01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:ctul00220 ctul01230 ctul01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:ctul00220 ctul01230 ctul01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:ctul00330 ctul01230 ctul01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:ctul00330 ctul01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:ctul00330 ctul01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:ctul00330 ctul01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:ctul00340 ctul01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:ctul00350 ctul01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:ctul00350 ctul01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:ctul00350 ctul01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:ctul00380 ctul01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:ctul00380 ctul01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:ctul00250 ctul00650 ctul01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:ctul00480 ctul01240 ctul01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:ctul00510 ctul01100]
M00072 N-glycosylation by oligosaccharyltransferase [PATH:ctul00510 ctul00513 ctul01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:ctul00510 ctul01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:ctul00510 ctul01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:ctul00515 ctul01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:ctul00563 ctul01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:ctul00601 ctul01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:ctul00601 ctul01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:ctul00604 ctul01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:ctul00532 ctul00534 ctul01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:ctul00532 ctul01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:ctul00534 ctul01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:ctul00531 ctul01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:ctul00531 ctul01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:ctul00531 ctul01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:ctul00531 ctul01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:ctul00380 ctul00760 ctul01240 ctul01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:ctul00770 ctul01240 ctul01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:ctul00785 ctul01240 ctul01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:ctul00785 ctul01240 ctul01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:ctul00790 ctul01240 ctul01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:ctul00790 ctul01240 ctul01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:ctul00670 ctul01240 ctul01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:ctul00860 ctul01240 ctul01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:ctul00130 ctul01240 ctul01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:ctul00900 ctul01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:ctul00900 ctul01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity