KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:dro00010 dro01200 dro01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:dro00010 dro01200 dro01230 dro01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:dro00010 dro00020 dro01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:dro00010 dro00020 dro00620 dro00785 dro01200 dro01210 dro01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:dro00020 dro01200 dro01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:dro00020 dro01200 dro01210 dro01230 dro01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:dro00020 dro01200 dro01210 dro01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:dro00030 dro01200 dro01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:dro00030 dro01200 dro01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:dro00030 dro01200 dro01230 dro01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:dro00030 dro00230 dro01200 dro01230 dro01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:dro00040 dro01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:dro00052 dro01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:dro00500 dro01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:dro00500 dro01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:dro00520 dro01250 dro01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:dro00520 dro00052 dro01250 dro01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:dro00520 dro01250 dro01100]
M00909 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:dro00520 dro01250 dro01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:dro00630 dro01200 dro01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:dro00280 dro00630 dro00640 dro01200 dro01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:dro00562 dro01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:dro00562 dro01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:dro00620 dro01200 dro01100]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:dro00430 dro00620 dro01200 dro01100]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:dro00190 dro01100]
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:dro00190 dro01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:dro00190 dro01100]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:dro00190 dro01100]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:dro00190 dro01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:dro00190 dro01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:dro00190 dro01100]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:dro00190 dro01100]
M00154 Cytochrome c oxidase [PATH:dro00190 dro01100]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:dro00190 dro01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:dro00190 dro01100]
M00158 F-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:dro00190 dro01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:dro00190 dro01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:dro00061 dro01212 dro01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:dro00061 dro01212 dro01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:dro00061 dro01212 dro01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:dro00062 dro01212 dro01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:dro00062 dro01040 dro01212 dro01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:dro00061 dro00071 dro01212 dro01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:dro00071 dro01212 dro01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:dro01040 dro01212 dro01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:dro00100 dro01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:dro00100 dro01100]
M00106 Conjugated bile acid biosynthesis, cholate => taurocholate/glycocholate [PATH:dro00120 dro01100]
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH:dro00120 dro01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:dro00140 dro01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:dro00140 dro01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:dro00140 dro01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:dro00140 dro01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:dro00561 dro01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:dro00561 dro01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:dro00564 dro01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:dro00564 dro01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:dro00564 dro01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:dro00600 dro01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:dro00600 dro01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:dro00600 dro00565 dro01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:dro00600 dro01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:dro00600 dro01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:dro00230 dro01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:dro00230 dro01232 dro01240 dro01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:dro00230 dro01232 dro01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:dro00230 dro00240 dro01232 dro01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:dro00230 dro01232 dro01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:dro00230 dro01232 dro01100]
M00546 Purine degradation, xanthine => urea [PATH:dro00230 dro01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:dro00240 dro01240 dro01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:dro00240 dro01232 dro01240 dro01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:dro00240 dro01232 dro01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:dro00240 dro00410 dro00770 dro01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:dro00260 dro01200 dro01230 dro01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:dro00260 dro01230 dro01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:dro00260 dro00630 dro00785 dro01200 dro01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:dro00260 dro01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:dro00260 dro01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:dro00260 dro00270 dro01230 dro01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:dro00270 dro01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:dro00270 dro01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:dro00290 dro00770 dro01210 dro01230 dro01100]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:dro00290 dro01230 dro01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:dro00290 dro01210 dro01230 dro01100]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:dro00280 dro01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:dro01230 dro01100]
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:dro00310 dro01210 dro01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:dro00220 dro01210 dro01230 dro01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:dro00220 dro01230 dro01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:dro00220 dro01230 dro01100]
M00978 Ornithine-ammonia cycle [PATH:dro00220 dro01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:dro00330 dro01230 dro01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:dro00330 dro01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:dro00330 dro01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:dro00330 dro00260 dro01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:dro00330 dro01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:dro00330 dro01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:dro00340 dro01230 dro01100]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:dro00340 dro01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:dro00400 dro01230 dro01100]
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:dro00350 dro01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:dro00350 dro01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:dro00350 dro01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:dro00380 dro01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:dro00380 dro01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:dro00250 dro00650 dro01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:dro00480 dro01240 dro01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:dro00510 dro01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:dro00510 dro01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:dro00510 dro01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:dro00515 dro01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:dro00563 dro01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:dro00601 dro01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:dro00601 dro01100]
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer [PATH:dro00603 dro01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:dro00604 dro01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:dro00532 dro00534 dro01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:dro00532 dro01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:dro00534 dro01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:dro00531 dro01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:dro00531 dro01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:dro00531 dro01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:dro00531 dro01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:dro00750 dro01240 dro01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:dro00760 dro01240 dro01100]
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:dro00380 dro00760 dro01240 dro01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:dro00770 dro01240 dro01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:dro00780 dro01240 dro01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:dro00785 dro01240 dro01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:dro00785 dro01240 dro01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:dro00785 dro01240 dro01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:dro00790 dro01240 dro01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:dro00790 dro01240 dro01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:dro00670 dro01240 dro01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:dro00860 dro01240 dro01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:dro00860 dro01240 dro01100]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:dro00860 dro01240 dro01100]
M00926 Heme biosynthesis, bacteria, glutamyl-tRNA => coproporphyrin III => heme [PATH:dro00860 dro01240 dro01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:dro00130 dro01240 dro01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:dro00900 dro01100]
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:dro00900 dro01100]
M00364 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, bacteria [PATH:dro00900 dro01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:dro00900 dro01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
M00778 Type II polyketide backbone biosynthesis, acyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA => polyketide [PATH:dro01100]

Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
M00793 dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis [PATH:dro01250 dro01100]

Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity