KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:dzi00010 dzi01200 dzi01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:dzi00010 dzi01200 dzi01230 dzi01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:dzi00010 dzi00020 dzi01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:dzi00010 dzi00020 dzi00620 dzi00785 dzi01200 dzi01210 dzi01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:dzi00020 dzi01200 dzi01210 dzi01230 dzi01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:dzi00030 dzi01200 dzi01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:dzi00030 dzi01200 dzi01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:dzi00030 dzi01200 dzi01230 dzi01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:dzi00030 dzi00230 dzi01200 dzi01230 dzi01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00081 Pectin degradation [PATH:dzi00040 dzi01100]
M00114 Ascorbate biosynthesis, plants, fructose-6P => ascorbate [PATH:dzi00051 dzi00053 dzi01240 dzi01100 dzi01110]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:dzi00500 dzi01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:dzi00520 dzi01250 dzi01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:dzi00520 dzi01250 dzi01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:dzi00630 dzi01200 dzi01100 dzi01110]
M00532 Photorespiration [PATH:dzi00630 dzi01200 dzi01100 dzi01110]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:dzi00562 dzi01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00165 Reductive pentose phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) [PATH:dzi00710 dzi01200 dzi01100]
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:dzi00620 dzi00710 dzi01200 dzi01100]
M00169 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), light [PATH:dzi00620 dzi00710 dzi01200 dzi01100]
M00172 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, NADP - malic enzyme type [PATH:dzi00620 dzi00710 dzi01200 dzi01100]
M00171 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, NAD - malic enzyme type [PATH:dzi00710 dzi01200 dzi01100]
M00170 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase type [PATH:dzi00710 dzi01200 dzi01100]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
M00531 Assimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:dzi00910 dzi01100]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:dzi00920 dzi01100]

Photosynthesis
M00161 Photosystem II [PATH:dzi00195 dzi01100]
M00163 Photosystem I [PATH:dzi00195 dzi01100]

ATP synthesis
M00145 NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, chloroplasts and cyanobacteria [PATH:dzi00190 dzi01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:dzi00190 dzi00195 dzi01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:dzi00061 dzi01212 dzi01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:dzi00061 dzi01212 dzi01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:dzi00062 dzi01040 dzi01212 dzi01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:dzi00061 dzi00071 dzi01212 dzi01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:dzi00071 dzi01212 dzi01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00917 Phytosterol biosynthesis, squalene 2,3-epoxide => campesterol/sitosterol [PATH:dzi00100 dzi01100 dzi01110]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:dzi00561 dzi01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:dzi00561 dzi01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:dzi00564 dzi01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:dzi00600 dzi01100]
M00113 Jasmonic acid biosynthesis [PATH:dzi00592 dzi01100 dzi01110]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:dzi00230 dzi01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:dzi00230 dzi01232 dzi01240 dzi01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:dzi00230 dzi01232 dzi01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:dzi00230 dzi00240 dzi01232 dzi01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:dzi00240 dzi01232 dzi01240 dzi01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:dzi00240 dzi01232 dzi01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:dzi00240 dzi00410 dzi00770 dzi01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:dzi00260 dzi01200 dzi01230 dzi01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:dzi00260 dzi01230 dzi01100 dzi01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:dzi00260 dzi00630 dzi00785 dzi01200 dzi01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:dzi00260 dzi01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:dzi00270 dzi00920 dzi01200 dzi01230 dzi01100 dzi01110]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:dzi00270 dzi01100]
M00368 Ethylene biosynthesis, methionine => ethylene [PATH:dzi00270 dzi01100 dzi01110]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:dzi00290 dzi00770 dzi01210 dzi01230 dzi01100 dzi01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:dzi00290 dzi01230 dzi01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:dzi00290 dzi01210 dzi01230 dzi01100 dzi01110]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:dzi00280 dzi01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00527 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP aminotransferase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:dzi00300 dzi01230 dzi01100 dzi01110]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:dzi00220 dzi01210 dzi01230 dzi01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:dzi00220 dzi01230 dzi01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:dzi00330 dzi01230 dzi01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:dzi00330 dzi01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:dzi00330 dzi01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:dzi00330 dzi01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:dzi00340 dzi01230 dzi01100 dzi01110]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:dzi00400 dzi01230 dzi01100 dzi01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:dzi00400 dzi01230 dzi01100 dzi01110]
M00910 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => phenylalanine [PATH:dzi00400 dzi01230 dzi01100 dzi01110]
M00040 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => tyrosine [PATH:dzi00400 dzi01230 dzi01100 dzi01110]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:dzi00350 dzi01100]
M00936 Melatonin biosynthesis, plants, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:dzi00380 dzi01100 dzi01110]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:dzi00250 dzi00650 dzi01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:dzi00480 dzi01240 dzi01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:dzi00510 dzi01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:dzi00510 dzi01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00897 Thiamine biosynthesis, plants, AIR (+ NAD+) => TMP/thiamine/TPP [PATH:dzi00730 dzi01240 dzi01100]
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:dzi00730 dzi01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:dzi00740 dzi01240 dzi01100 dzi01110]
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:dzi00750 dzi01240 dzi01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:dzi00760 dzi01240 dzi01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:dzi00770 dzi01240 dzi01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:dzi00780 dzi01240 dzi01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:dzi00785 dzi01240 dzi01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:dzi00785 dzi01240 dzi01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:dzi00790 dzi00670 dzi01240 dzi01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:dzi00790 dzi01240 dzi01100]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:dzi00860 dzi01240 dzi01100 dzi01110]
M00932 Phylloquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ phytyl-PP) => phylloquinol [PATH:dzi00130 dzi01240 dzi01100 dzi01110]
M00112 Tocopherol/tocotorienol biosynthesis, homogentisate + phytyl/geranylgeranyl-PP => tocopherol/tocotorienol [PATH:dzi00130 dzi01240 dzi01100 dzi01110]
M00933 Plastoquinone biosynthesis, homogentisate + solanesyl-PP => plastoquinol [PATH:dzi00130 dzi01240 dzi01100 dzi01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:dzi00900 dzi01100 dzi01110]
M00366 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, plants [PATH:dzi00900 dzi01100 dzi01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
M00097 beta-Carotene biosynthesis, GGAP => beta-carotene [PATH:dzi00906 dzi01100 dzi01110]
M00372 Abscisic acid biosynthesis, beta-carotene => abscisic acid [PATH:dzi00906 dzi01100 dzi01110]
M00371 Castasterone biosynthesis, campesterol => castasterone [PATH:dzi00905 dzi01100 dzi01110]
M00927 Gibberellin A12 biosynthesis, GAPP => GA12 [PATH:dzi00904 dzi01100 dzi01110]
M00928 Gibberellin A4/A1 biosynthesis, GA12/GA53 => GA4/GA1 [PATH:dzi00904 dzi01100 dzi01110]

Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
M00039 Monolignol biosynthesis, phenylalanine/tyrosine => monolignol [PATH:dzi00940 dzi01100 dzi01110]
M00137 Flavanone biosynthesis, phenylalanine => naringenin [PATH:dzi00940 dzi00941 dzi01100 dzi01110]
M00940 Flavanone biosynthesis, p-coumaroyl-CoA => liquiritigenin [PATH:dzi00941 dzi01100 dzi01110]
M00138 Flavonoid biosynthesis, naringenin => pelargonidin [PATH:dzi00941 dzi01100 dzi01110]

Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00611 Oxygenic photosynthesis in plants and cyanobacteria
M00615 Nitrate assimilation