KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:gab00010 gab01200 gab01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:gab00010 gab01200 gab01230 gab01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:gab00010 gab00020 gab01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:gab00010 gab00020 gab00620 gab00785 gab01200 gab01210 gab01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:gab00020 gab01200 gab01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:gab00020 gab01200 gab01210 gab01230 gab01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:gab00020 gab01200 gab01210 gab01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:gab00030 gab01200 gab01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:gab00030 gab01200 gab01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:gab00030 gab01200 gab01230 gab01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:gab00030 gab00230 gab01200 gab01230 gab01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00081 Pectin degradation [PATH:gab00040 gab01100]
M00114 Ascorbate biosynthesis, plants, fructose-6P => ascorbate [PATH:gab00051 gab00053 gab01240 gab01100 gab01110]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:gab00500 gab01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:gab00520 gab01250 gab01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:gab00520 gab01250 gab01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:gab00630 gab01200 gab01100 gab01110]
M00532 Photorespiration [PATH:gab00630 gab01200 gab01100 gab01110]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:gab00562 gab01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00165 Reductive pentose phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) [PATH:gab00710 gab01200 gab01100]
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:gab00620 gab00710 gab01200 gab01100]
M00169 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), light [PATH:gab00620 gab00710 gab01200 gab01100]
M00172 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, NADP - malic enzyme type [PATH:gab00620 gab00710 gab01200 gab01100]
M00171 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, NAD - malic enzyme type [PATH:gab00710 gab01200 gab01100]
M00170 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase type [PATH:gab00710 gab01200 gab01100]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
M00531 Assimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:gab00910 gab01100]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:gab00920 gab01100]

Photosynthesis
M00161 Photosystem II [PATH:gab00195 gab01100]
M00163 Photosystem I [PATH:gab00195 gab01100]

ATP synthesis
M00145 NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, chloroplasts and cyanobacteria [PATH:gab00190 gab01100]
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:gab00190 gab01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:gab00190 gab01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:gab00190 gab01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:gab00190 gab01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:gab00190 gab00195 gab01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:gab00061 gab01212 gab01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:gab00061 gab01212 gab01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:gab00062 gab01040 gab01212 gab01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:gab00061 gab00071 gab01212 gab01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:gab00071 gab01212 gab01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00917 Phytosterol biosynthesis, squalene 2,3-epoxide => campesterol/sitosterol [PATH:gab00100 gab01100 gab01110]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:gab00561 gab01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:gab00561 gab01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:gab00564 gab01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:gab00600 gab01100]
M00113 Jasmonic acid biosynthesis [PATH:gab00592 gab01100 gab01110]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:gab00230 gab01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:gab00230 gab01232 gab01240 gab01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:gab00230 gab01232 gab01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:gab00230 gab00240 gab01232 gab01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:gab00240 gab01232 gab01240 gab01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:gab00240 gab01232 gab01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:gab00240 gab00410 gab00770 gab01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:gab00260 gab01200 gab01230 gab01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:gab00260 gab01230 gab01100 gab01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:gab00260 gab00630 gab00785 gab01200 gab01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:gab00260 gab01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:gab00270 gab00920 gab01200 gab01230 gab01100 gab01110]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:gab00270 gab01100]
M00368 Ethylene biosynthesis, methionine => ethylene [PATH:gab00270 gab01100 gab01110]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:gab00290 gab00770 gab01210 gab01230 gab01100 gab01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:gab00290 gab01230 gab01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:gab00290 gab01210 gab01230 gab01100 gab01110]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:gab00280 gab01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00527 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP aminotransferase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:gab00300 gab01230 gab01100 gab01110]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:gab00220 gab01210 gab01230 gab01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:gab00220 gab01230 gab01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:gab00330 gab01230 gab01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:gab00330 gab01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:gab00330 gab01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:gab00330 gab01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:gab00340 gab01230 gab01100 gab01110]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:gab00400 gab01230 gab01100 gab01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:gab00400 gab01230 gab01100 gab01110]
M00910 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => phenylalanine [PATH:gab00400 gab01230 gab01100 gab01110]
M00040 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => tyrosine [PATH:gab00400 gab01230 gab01100 gab01110]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:gab00350 gab01100]
M00936 Melatonin biosynthesis, plants, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:gab00380 gab01100 gab01110]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:gab00250 gab00650 gab01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:gab00480 gab01240 gab01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:gab00510 gab01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:gab00510 gab01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00897 Thiamine biosynthesis, plants, AIR (+ NAD+) => TMP/thiamine/TPP [PATH:gab00730 gab01240 gab01100]
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:gab00730 gab01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:gab00740 gab01240 gab01100 gab01110]
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:gab00750 gab01240 gab01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:gab00760 gab01240 gab01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:gab00770 gab01240 gab01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:gab00780 gab01240 gab01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:gab00785 gab01240 gab01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:gab00785 gab01240 gab01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:gab00790 gab00670 gab01240 gab01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:gab00790 gab01240 gab01100]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:gab00860 gab01240 gab01100 gab01110]
M00932 Phylloquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ phytyl-PP) => phylloquinol [PATH:gab00130 gab01240 gab01100 gab01110]
M00112 Tocopherol/tocotorienol biosynthesis, homogentisate + phytyl/geranylgeranyl-PP => tocopherol/tocotorienol [PATH:gab00130 gab01240 gab01100 gab01110]
M00933 Plastoquinone biosynthesis, homogentisate + solanesyl-PP => plastoquinol [PATH:gab00130 gab01240 gab01100 gab01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:gab00900 gab01100 gab01110]
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:gab00900 gab01100 gab01110]
M00366 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, plants [PATH:gab00900 gab01100 gab01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
M00097 beta-Carotene biosynthesis, GGAP => beta-carotene [PATH:gab00906 gab01100 gab01110]
M00372 Abscisic acid biosynthesis, beta-carotene => abscisic acid [PATH:gab00906 gab01100 gab01110]
M00371 Castasterone biosynthesis, campesterol => castasterone [PATH:gab00905 gab01100 gab01110]
M00927 Gibberellin A12 biosynthesis, GAPP => GA12 [PATH:gab00904 gab01100 gab01110]
M00928 Gibberellin A4/A1 biosynthesis, GA12/GA53 => GA4/GA1 [PATH:gab00904 gab01100 gab01110]

Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
M00039 Monolignol biosynthesis, phenylalanine/tyrosine => monolignol [PATH:gab00940 gab01100 gab01110]
M00137 Flavanone biosynthesis, phenylalanine => naringenin [PATH:gab00940 gab00941 gab01100 gab01110]
M00940 Flavanone biosynthesis, p-coumaroyl-CoA => liquiritigenin [PATH:gab00941 gab01100 gab01110]
M00138 Flavonoid biosynthesis, naringenin => pelargonidin [PATH:gab00941 gab01100 gab01110]

Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00611 Oxygenic photosynthesis in plants and cyanobacteria
M00615 Nitrate assimilation