KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:gra00010 gra01200 gra01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:gra00010 gra01200 gra01230 gra01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:gra00010 gra00020 gra01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:gra00010 gra00020 gra00620 gra00785 gra01200 gra01210 gra01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:gra00020 gra01200 gra01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:gra00020 gra01200 gra01210 gra01230 gra01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:gra00020 gra01200 gra01210 gra01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:gra00030 gra01200 gra01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:gra00030 gra01200 gra01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:gra00030 gra01200 gra01230 gra01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:gra00030 gra00230 gra01200 gra01230 gra01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00081 Pectin degradation [PATH:gra00040 gra01100]
M00114 Ascorbate biosynthesis, plants, fructose-6P => ascorbate [PATH:gra00051 gra00053 gra01240 gra01100 gra01110]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:gra00500 gra01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:gra00520 gra01250 gra01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:gra00630 gra01200 gra01100 gra01110]
M00532 Photorespiration [PATH:gra00630 gra01200 gra01100 gra01110]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:gra00562 gra01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00165 Reductive pentose phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) [PATH:gra00710 gra01200 gra01100]
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:gra00620 gra00710 gra01200 gra01100]
M00169 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), light [PATH:gra00620 gra00710 gra01200 gra01100]
M00172 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, NADP - malic enzyme type [PATH:gra00620 gra00710 gra01200 gra01100]
M00171 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, NAD - malic enzyme type [PATH:gra00710 gra01200 gra01100]
M00170 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase type [PATH:gra00710 gra01200 gra01100]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
M00531 Assimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:gra00910 gra01100]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:gra00920 gra01100]

Photosynthesis
M00161 Photosystem II [PATH:gra00195 gra01100]
M00163 Photosystem I [PATH:gra00195 gra01100]

ATP synthesis
M00145 NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, chloroplasts and cyanobacteria [PATH:gra00190 gra01100]
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:gra00190 gra01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:gra00190 gra01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:gra00190 gra01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:gra00190 gra01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:gra00190 gra00195 gra01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:gra00061 gra01212 gra01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:gra00061 gra01212 gra01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:gra00062 gra01040 gra01212 gra01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:gra00061 gra00071 gra01212 gra01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:gra00071 gra01212 gra01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00917 Phytosterol biosynthesis, squalene 2,3-epoxide => campesterol/sitosterol [PATH:gra00100 gra01100 gra01110]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:gra00561 gra01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:gra00561 gra01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:gra00564 gra01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:gra00600 gra01100]
M00113 Jasmonic acid biosynthesis [PATH:gra00592 gra01100 gra01110]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:gra00230 gra01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:gra00230 gra01232 gra01240 gra01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:gra00230 gra01232 gra01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:gra00230 gra00240 gra01232 gra01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:gra00240 gra01232 gra01240 gra01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:gra00240 gra01232 gra01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:gra00240 gra00410 gra00770 gra01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:gra00260 gra01200 gra01230 gra01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:gra00260 gra01230 gra01100 gra01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:gra00260 gra00630 gra00785 gra01200 gra01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:gra00260 gra01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:gra00270 gra00920 gra01200 gra01230 gra01100 gra01110]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:gra00270 gra01100]
M00368 Ethylene biosynthesis, methionine => ethylene [PATH:gra00270 gra01100 gra01110]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:gra00290 gra00770 gra01210 gra01230 gra01100 gra01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:gra00290 gra01230 gra01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:gra00290 gra01210 gra01230 gra01100 gra01110]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:gra00280 gra01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00527 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP aminotransferase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:gra00300 gra01230 gra01100 gra01110]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:gra00220 gra01210 gra01230 gra01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:gra00330 gra01230 gra01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:gra00330 gra01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:gra00330 gra01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:gra00330 gra01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:gra00340 gra01230 gra01100 gra01110]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:gra00400 gra01230 gra01100 gra01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:gra00400 gra01230 gra01100 gra01110]
M00910 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => phenylalanine [PATH:gra00400 gra01230 gra01100 gra01110]
M00040 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => tyrosine [PATH:gra00400 gra01230 gra01100 gra01110]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:gra00350 gra01100]
M00936 Melatonin biosynthesis, plants, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:gra00380 gra01100 gra01110]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:gra00250 gra00650 gra01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:gra00480 gra01240 gra01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:gra00510 gra01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:gra00510 gra01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00897 Thiamine biosynthesis, plants, AIR (+ NAD+) => TMP/thiamine/TPP [PATH:gra00730 gra01240 gra01100]
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:gra00730 gra01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:gra00740 gra01240 gra01100 gra01110]
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:gra00750 gra01240 gra01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:gra00760 gra01240 gra01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:gra00770 gra01240 gra01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:gra00780 gra01240 gra01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:gra00785 gra01240 gra01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:gra00785 gra01240 gra01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:gra00790 gra00670 gra01240 gra01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:gra00790 gra01240 gra01100]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:gra00860 gra01240 gra01100 gra01110]
M00932 Phylloquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ phytyl-PP) => phylloquinol [PATH:gra00130 gra01240 gra01100 gra01110]
M00112 Tocopherol/tocotorienol biosynthesis, homogentisate + phytyl/geranylgeranyl-PP => tocopherol/tocotorienol [PATH:gra00130 gra01240 gra01100 gra01110]
M00933 Plastoquinone biosynthesis, homogentisate + solanesyl-PP => plastoquinol [PATH:gra00130 gra01240 gra01100 gra01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:gra00900 gra01100 gra01110]
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:gra00900 gra01100 gra01110]
M00366 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, plants [PATH:gra00900 gra01100 gra01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
M00097 beta-Carotene biosynthesis, GGAP => beta-carotene [PATH:gra00906 gra01100 gra01110]
M00372 Abscisic acid biosynthesis, beta-carotene => abscisic acid [PATH:gra00906 gra01100 gra01110]
M00371 Castasterone biosynthesis, campesterol => castasterone [PATH:gra00905 gra01100 gra01110]
M00927 Gibberellin A12 biosynthesis, GAPP => GA12 [PATH:gra00904 gra01100 gra01110]
M00928 Gibberellin A4/A1 biosynthesis, GA12/GA53 => GA4/GA1 [PATH:gra00904 gra01100 gra01110]

Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
M00039 Monolignol biosynthesis, phenylalanine/tyrosine => monolignol [PATH:gra00940 gra01100 gra01110]
M00137 Flavanone biosynthesis, phenylalanine => naringenin [PATH:gra00940 gra00941 gra01100 gra01110]
M00940 Flavanone biosynthesis, p-coumaroyl-CoA => liquiritigenin [PATH:gra00941 gra01100 gra01110]
M00138 Flavonoid biosynthesis, naringenin => pelargonidin [PATH:gra00941 gra01100 gra01110]

Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00611 Oxygenic photosynthesis in plants and cyanobacteria
M00615 Nitrate assimilation