KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:hai00010 hai01200 hai01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:hai00010 hai01200 hai01230 hai01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:hai00010 hai00020 hai01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:hai00010 hai00020 hai00620 hai00785 hai01200 hai01210 hai01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:hai00020 hai01200 hai01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:hai00020 hai01200 hai01210 hai01230 hai01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:hai00020 hai01200 hai01210 hai01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:hai00030 hai01200 hai01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:hai00030 hai01200 hai01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:hai00030 hai01200 hai01230 hai01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:hai00030 hai00230 hai01200 hai01230 hai01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:hai00030 hai01200 hai01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:hai00040 hai01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:hai00052 hai01100]
M00129 Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate [PATH:hai00040 hai00053 hai01240 hai01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:hai00500 hai01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:hai00500 hai01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:hai00520 hai01250 hai01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:hai00520 hai00052 hai01250 hai01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:hai00520 hai01250 hai01100]
M00909 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:hai00520 hai01250 hai01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:hai00280 hai00630 hai00640 hai01200 hai01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:hai00562 hai01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:hai00562 hai01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:hai00430 hai00620 hai01200 hai01100]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:hai00190 hai01100]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:hai00190 hai01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:hai00190 hai01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:hai00190 hai01100]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:hai00190 hai01100]
M00154 Cytochrome c oxidase [PATH:hai00190 hai01100]
M00156 Cytochrome c oxidase, cbb3-type [PATH:hai00190 hai01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:hai00190 hai01100]
M00158 F-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:hai00190 hai01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:hai00190 hai01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:hai00061 hai01212 hai01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:hai00061 hai01212 hai01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:hai00062 hai01212 hai01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:hai00062 hai01040 hai01212 hai01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:hai00061 hai00071 hai01212 hai01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:hai00071 hai01212 hai01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:hai01040 hai01212 hai01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:hai00100 hai01100]
M00106 Conjugated bile acid biosynthesis, cholate => taurocholate/glycocholate [PATH:hai00120 hai01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:hai00140 hai01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:hai00140 hai01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:hai00140 hai01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:hai00140 hai01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:hai00561 hai01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:hai00561 hai01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:hai00564 hai01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:hai00564 hai01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:hai00564 hai01100]
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:hai00564 hai01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:hai00600 hai01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:hai00600 hai01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:hai00600 hai00565 hai01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:hai00600 hai01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:hai00600 hai01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:hai00230 hai01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:hai00230 hai01232 hai01240 hai01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:hai00230 hai01232 hai01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:hai00230 hai00240 hai01232 hai01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:hai00230 hai01232 hai01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:hai00230 hai01232 hai01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:hai00240 hai01240 hai01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:hai00240 hai01232 hai01240 hai01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:hai00240 hai01232 hai01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:hai00240 hai00410 hai00770 hai01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:hai00260 hai01200 hai01230 hai01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:hai00260 hai01230 hai01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:hai00260 hai00630 hai00785 hai01200 hai01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:hai00260 hai01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:hai00260 hai01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:hai00270 hai00920 hai01200 hai01230 hai01100]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:hai00260 hai00270 hai01230 hai01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:hai00270 hai01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:hai00270 hai01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:hai00280 hai01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:hai00310 hai01210 hai01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:hai00220 hai01230 hai01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:hai00220 hai01230 hai01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:hai00330 hai01230 hai01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:hai00330 hai01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:hai00330 hai01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:hai00330 hai00260 hai01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:hai00330 hai01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:hai00330 hai01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:hai00340 hai01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:hai00400 hai01230 hai01100]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:hai00400 hai01230 hai01100]
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:hai00350 hai01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:hai00350 hai01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:hai00350 hai01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:hai00380 hai01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:hai00380 hai01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:hai00250 hai00650 hai01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:hai00480 hai01240 hai01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:hai00510 hai01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:hai00510 hai01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:hai00563 hai01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:hai00601 hai01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:hai00601 hai01100]
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer [PATH:hai00603 hai01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:hai00604 hai01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:hai00532 hai00534 hai01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:hai00532 hai01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:hai00534 hai01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:hai00531 hai01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:hai00531 hai01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
M00064 ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose biosynthesis [PATH:hai01250 hai01100]

Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:hai00380 hai00760 hai01240 hai01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:hai00770 hai01240 hai01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:hai00780 hai01240 hai01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:hai00785 hai01240 hai01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:hai00785 hai01240 hai01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:hai00790 hai01240 hai01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:hai00790 hai01240 hai01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:hai00670 hai01240 hai01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:hai00860 hai01240 hai01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:hai00130 hai01240 hai01100]
M00931 Menaquinone biosynthesis, modified futalosine pathway [PATH:hai00130 hai01240 hai01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:hai00900 hai01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:hai00900 hai01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity