KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:hgl00010 hgl01200 hgl01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:hgl00010 hgl01200 hgl01230 hgl01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:hgl00010 hgl00020 hgl01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:hgl00010 hgl00020 hgl00620 hgl00785 hgl01200 hgl01210 hgl01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:hgl00020 hgl01200 hgl01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:hgl00020 hgl01200 hgl01210 hgl01230 hgl01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:hgl00020 hgl01200 hgl01210 hgl01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:hgl00030 hgl01200 hgl01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:hgl00030 hgl01200 hgl01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:hgl00030 hgl01200 hgl01230 hgl01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:hgl00030 hgl00230 hgl01200 hgl01230 hgl01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:hgl00040 hgl01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:hgl00052 hgl01100]
M00129 Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate [PATH:hgl00040 hgl00053 hgl01240 hgl01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:hgl00500 hgl01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:hgl00500 hgl01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:hgl00520 hgl01250 hgl01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:hgl00520 hgl00052 hgl01250 hgl01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:hgl00520 hgl01250 hgl01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:hgl00280 hgl00630 hgl00640 hgl01200 hgl01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:hgl00562 hgl01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:hgl00562 hgl01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:hgl00562 hgl01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:hgl00190 hgl01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:hgl00190 hgl01100]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:hgl00190 hgl01100]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:hgl00190 hgl01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:hgl00190 hgl01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:hgl00190 hgl01100]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:hgl00190 hgl01100]
M00154 Cytochrome c oxidase [PATH:hgl00190 hgl01100]
M00158 F-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:hgl00190 hgl01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:hgl00190 hgl01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:hgl00061 hgl01212 hgl01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:hgl00061 hgl01212 hgl01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:hgl00062 hgl01212 hgl01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:hgl00062 hgl01040 hgl01212 hgl01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:hgl00061 hgl00071 hgl01212 hgl01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:hgl00071 hgl01212 hgl01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:hgl01040 hgl01212 hgl01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:hgl00100 hgl01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:hgl00100 hgl01100]
M00106 Conjugated bile acid biosynthesis, cholate => taurocholate/glycocholate [PATH:hgl00120 hgl01100]
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH:hgl00120 hgl01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:hgl00140 hgl01100]
M00108 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => corticosterone/aldosterone [PATH:hgl00140 hgl01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:hgl00140 hgl01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:hgl00140 hgl01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:hgl00140 hgl01100]
M00977 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis (androgen backdoor pathway), pregnenolone => androsterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:hgl00140 hgl01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:hgl00561 hgl01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:hgl00561 hgl01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:hgl00564 hgl01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:hgl00564 hgl01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:hgl00564 hgl01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:hgl00600 hgl01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:hgl00600 hgl01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:hgl00600 hgl00565 hgl01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:hgl00600 hgl01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:hgl00600 hgl01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:hgl00230 hgl01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:hgl00230 hgl01232 hgl01240 hgl01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:hgl00230 hgl01232 hgl01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:hgl00230 hgl00240 hgl01232 hgl01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:hgl00230 hgl01232 hgl01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:hgl00230 hgl01232 hgl01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:hgl00240 hgl01240 hgl01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:hgl00240 hgl01232 hgl01240 hgl01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:hgl00240 hgl01232 hgl01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:hgl00240 hgl00410 hgl00770 hgl01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:hgl00260 hgl01200 hgl01230 hgl01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:hgl00260 hgl00630 hgl00785 hgl01200 hgl01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:hgl00260 hgl01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:hgl00260 hgl01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:hgl00260 hgl00270 hgl01230 hgl01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:hgl00270 hgl01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:hgl00270 hgl01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:hgl00280 hgl01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:hgl00310 hgl01210 hgl01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:hgl00220 hgl01230 hgl01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:hgl00220 hgl01230 hgl01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:hgl00330 hgl01230 hgl01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:hgl00330 hgl01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:hgl00330 hgl01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:hgl00330 hgl00260 hgl01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:hgl00330 hgl01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:hgl00330 hgl01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:hgl00340 hgl01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:hgl00350 hgl01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:hgl00350 hgl01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:hgl00350 hgl01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:hgl00380 hgl01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:hgl00380 hgl01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:hgl00250 hgl00650 hgl01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:hgl00480 hgl01240 hgl01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:hgl00510 hgl01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:hgl00510 hgl01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:hgl00510 hgl01100]
M00056 O-glycan biosynthesis, mucin type core [PATH:hgl00512 hgl01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:hgl00515 hgl01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:hgl00563 hgl01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:hgl00601 hgl01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:hgl00601 hgl01100]
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer [PATH:hgl00603 hgl01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:hgl00604 hgl01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:hgl00532 hgl00534 hgl01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:hgl00532 hgl01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:hgl00534 hgl01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:hgl00531 hgl01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:hgl00531 hgl01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:hgl00531 hgl01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:hgl00531 hgl01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:hgl00380 hgl00760 hgl01240 hgl01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:hgl00770 hgl01240 hgl01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:hgl00785 hgl01240 hgl01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:hgl00785 hgl01240 hgl01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:hgl00790 hgl01240 hgl01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:hgl00790 hgl01240 hgl01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:hgl00670 hgl01240 hgl01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:hgl00860 hgl01240 hgl01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:hgl00130 hgl01240 hgl01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:hgl00900 hgl01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:hgl00900 hgl01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity