KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:hsy00010 hsy01200 hsy01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:hsy00010 hsy01200 hsy01230 hsy01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:hsy00010 hsy00020 hsy01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:hsy00010 hsy00020 hsy00620 hsy00785 hsy01200 hsy01210 hsy01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:hsy00020 hsy01200 hsy01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:hsy00020 hsy01200 hsy01210 hsy01230 hsy01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:hsy00020 hsy01200 hsy01210 hsy01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:hsy00030 hsy01200 hsy01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose-6P => ribulose-5P [PATH:hsy00030 hsy01200 hsy01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose-6P => ribose-5P [PATH:hsy00030 hsy01200 hsy01230 hsy01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose-5P => PRPP [PATH:hsy00030 hsy00230 hsy01200 hsy01230 hsy01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00081 Pectin degradation [PATH:hsy00040 hsy01100]
M00114 Ascorbate biosynthesis, plants, fructose-6P => ascorbate [PATH:hsy00051 hsy00053 hsy01240 hsy01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:hsy00500 hsy01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:hsy00500 hsy01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:hsy00630 hsy01200 hsy01100]
M00532 Photorespiration [PATH:hsy00630 hsy01200 hsy01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:hsy00280 hsy00630 hsy00640 hsy01200 hsy01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:hsy00562 hsy01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:hsy00562 hsy01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00165 Reductive pentose phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) [PATH:hsy01200 hsy01100]
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:hsy00620 hsy01200 hsy01100]
M00169 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), light [PATH:hsy00620 hsy01200 hsy01100]
M00172 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, NADP - malic enzyme type [PATH:hsy00620 hsy01200 hsy01100]
M00171 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, NAD - malic enzyme type [PATH:hsy01200 hsy01100]
M00170 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase type [PATH:hsy01200 hsy01100]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
M00531 Assimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:hsy00910 hsy01100]

Sulfur metabolism
M00987 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, plants, sulfate => H2S [PATH:hsy00920 hsy01320 hsy01100]

Photosynthesis
M00161 Photosystem II [PATH:hsy01100]
M00163 Photosystem I [PATH:hsy01100]

ATP synthesis
M00145 NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, chloroplasts and cyanobacteria [PATH:hsy00190 hsy01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:hsy00190 hsy01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:hsy00190 hsy01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:hsy00190 hsy01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:hsy00190 hsy01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:hsy00061 hsy01212 hsy01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:hsy00061 hsy01212 hsy01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:hsy00062 hsy01040 hsy01212 hsy01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:hsy00061 hsy00071 hsy01212 hsy01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:hsy00071 hsy01212 hsy01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:hsy01040 hsy01212 hsy01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00917 Phytosterol biosynthesis, squalene 2,3-epoxide => campesterol/sitosterol [PATH:hsy00100 hsy01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:hsy00561 hsy01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:hsy00561 hsy01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:hsy00564 hsy01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:hsy00564 hsy01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:hsy00600 hsy01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:hsy00600 hsy01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:hsy00600 hsy01100]
M00113 Jasmonic acid biosynthesis [PATH:hsy00592 hsy01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:hsy00230 hsy01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:hsy00230 hsy01232 hsy01240 hsy01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:hsy00230 hsy01232 hsy01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:hsy00230 hsy00240 hsy01232 hsy01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:hsy00240 hsy01240 hsy01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:hsy00240 hsy01232 hsy01240 hsy01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:hsy00240 hsy01232 hsy01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:hsy00240 hsy00410 hsy00770 hsy01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:hsy00260 hsy01200 hsy01230 hsy01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:hsy00260 hsy01230 hsy01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:hsy00260 hsy00630 hsy00670 hsy00785 hsy01200 hsy01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:hsy00260 hsy00670 hsy01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:hsy00260 hsy00670 hsy01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:hsy00270 hsy00920 hsy01320 hsy01200 hsy01230 hsy01100]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:hsy00260 hsy00270 hsy00670 hsy01230 hsy01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:hsy00270 hsy01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:hsy00270 hsy00670 hsy01100]
M00368 Ethylene biosynthesis, methionine => ethylene [PATH:hsy00270 hsy01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:hsy00290 hsy00770 hsy01210 hsy01230 hsy01100]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:hsy00290 hsy01230 hsy01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:hsy00290 hsy01210 hsy01230 hsy01100]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:hsy00280 hsy01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00527 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP aminotransferase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:hsy01230 hsy01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:hsy00220 hsy01210 hsy01230 hsy01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:hsy00220 hsy01230 hsy01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:hsy00330 hsy01230 hsy01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:hsy00330 hsy01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:hsy00330 hsy01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:hsy00330 hsy00260 hsy01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:hsy00330 hsy01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:hsy00330 hsy01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:hsy00340 hsy01230 hsy01100]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:hsy00340 hsy01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:hsy00400 hsy01230 hsy01100]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:hsy00400 hsy01230 hsy01100]
M00910 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => phenylalanine [PATH:hsy00400 hsy01230 hsy01100]
M00040 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => tyrosine [PATH:hsy00400 hsy01230 hsy01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:hsy00350 hsy01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:hsy00350 hsy01100]
M00936 Melatonin biosynthesis, plants, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:hsy00380 hsy01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:hsy00380 hsy01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:hsy00250 hsy00650 hsy01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:hsy00480 hsy01240 hsy01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00892 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, eukaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:hsy00520 hsy01250 hsy01100]
M01003 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, GlcNAc => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:hsy00520 hsy01250 hsy01100]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:hsy00520 hsy01250 hsy01100]
M00998 UDP-L-Ara biosynthesis, L-Ala => UDP-L-Ala [PATH:hsy00520 hsy01250 hsy01100]
M00997 UDP-Xyl/L-Ara biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-Xyl => UDP-L-Ala [PATH:hsy00520 hsy01250 hsy01100]
M00994 UDP-GlcA biosynthesis, myo-inositol => GlcA => UDP-GlcA [PATH:hsy00562 hsy00520 hsy00053 hsy00040 hsy01250 hsy01100]
M00999 UDP-GlcA/GalA biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-GlcA => UDP-GalA [PATH:hsy00520 hsy00053 hsy01250 hsy01100]
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man [PATH:hsy00520 hsy00051 hsy01250 hsy01100]
M01015 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Man => GDP-Man [PATH:hsy00520 hsy00051 hsy01250 hsy01100]
M01001 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, L-Fuc => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:hsy00520 hsy01250 hsy01100]
M01021 UDP-L-Rha biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-L-Rha [PATH:hsy00541 hsy01250 hsy01100]
M01016 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, GDP-Man => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:hsy00541 hsy00051 hsy01250 hsy01100]

Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:hsy00510 hsy01100]
M00072 N-glycosylation by oligosaccharyltransferase [PATH:hsy00510 hsy00513 hsy01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:hsy00510 hsy01100]
M00983 GPI-anchor remodeling [PATH:hsy00563 hsy01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:hsy00532 hsy00534 hsy01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:hsy00532 hsy01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:hsy00534 hsy01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:hsy00531 hsy01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00897 Thiamine biosynthesis, plants, AIR (+ NAD+) => TMP/thiamine/TPP [PATH:hsy00730 hsy01240 hsy01100]
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:hsy00730 hsy01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:hsy00740 hsy01240 hsy01100]
M00916 Pyridoxal phosphate biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:hsy00750 hsy01240 hsy01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:hsy00760 hsy01240 hsy01100]
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:hsy00380 hsy00760 hsy01240 hsy01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:hsy00770 hsy01240 hsy01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:hsy00780 hsy01240 hsy01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:hsy00785 hsy01240 hsy01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:hsy00785 hsy01240 hsy01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:hsy00785 hsy01240 hsy01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:hsy00790 hsy00670 hsy01240 hsy01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:hsy00790 hsy01240 hsy01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:hsy00790 hsy01240 hsy01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:hsy00670 hsy01240 hsy01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:hsy00860 hsy01240 hsy01100]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:hsy00860 hsy01240 hsy01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinone [PATH:hsy00130 hsy01240 hsy01100]
M00932 Phylloquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ phytyl-PP) => phylloquinol [PATH:hsy00130 hsy01240 hsy01100]
M00112 Tocopherol/tocotorienol biosynthesis, homogentisate + phytyl/geranylgeranyl-PP => tocopherol/tocotorienol [PATH:hsy00130 hsy01240 hsy01100]
M00933 Plastoquinone biosynthesis, homogentisate + solanesyl-PP => plastoquinol [PATH:hsy00130 hsy01240 hsy01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:hsy00900 hsy01100]
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:hsy00900 hsy01100]
M00366 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, plants [PATH:hsy00900 hsy01100]

Terpenoid biosynthesis
M00097 Lycopene biosynthesis, geranylgeranyl-PP => lycopene [PATH:hsy01100]
M01040 Lutein biosynthesis, plants, lycopene => lutein [PATH:hsy01100]
M01045 Zeaxanthin biosynthesis, lycopene => beta-carotene => zeaxanthin [PATH:hsy01100]
M01046 Xanthophyll cycle [PATH:hsy01100]
M00372 Abscisic acid biosynthesis, plants, 9'-cis-neoxanthin/9-cis-violaxanthin => abscisic acid [PATH:hsy01100]
M00371 Castasterone biosynthesis, plants, campesterol => castasterone [PATH:hsy01100]
M00928 Gibberellin A4/A1 biosynthesis, plants, GA12/GA53 => GA4/GA1 [PATH:hsy01100]

Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
M00039 Monolignol biosynthesis, phenylalanine/tyrosine => monolignol [PATH:hsy01100]
M00137 Flavanone biosynthesis, phenylalanine => naringenin [PATH:hsy01100]
M00138 Flavonoid biosynthesis, naringenin => pelargonidin [PATH:hsy01100]

Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Biosynthesis of other compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00611 Oxygenic photosynthesis in plants and cyanobacteria
M00615 Nitrate assimilation