KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:llon00010 llon01200 llon01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:llon00010 llon01200 llon01230 llon01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:llon00010 llon00020 llon01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:llon00010 llon00020 llon00620 llon00785 llon01200 llon01210 llon01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:llon00020 llon01200 llon01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:llon00020 llon01200 llon01210 llon01230 llon01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:llon00020 llon01200 llon01210 llon01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:llon00030 llon01200 llon01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:llon00030 llon00230 llon01200 llon01230 llon01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:llon00052 llon01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:llon00500 llon01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:llon00500 llon01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:llon00280 llon00630 llon00640 llon01200 llon01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:llon00562 llon01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:llon00562 llon01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:llon00562 llon01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:llon00190 llon01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:llon00190 llon01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:llon00061 llon01212 llon01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:llon00061 llon01212 llon01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:llon00062 llon01212 llon01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:llon00062 llon01040 llon01212 llon01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:llon00061 llon00071 llon01212 llon01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:llon00071 llon01212 llon01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:llon01040 llon01212 llon01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:llon00100 llon01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:llon00561 llon01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:llon00561 llon01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:llon00564 llon01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:llon00564 llon01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:llon00564 llon01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:llon00600 llon01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:llon00600 llon00565 llon01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:llon00600 llon01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:llon00600 llon01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:llon00230 llon01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:llon00230 llon01232 llon01240 llon01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:llon00230 llon01232 llon01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:llon00230 llon00240 llon01232 llon01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:llon00230 llon01232 llon01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:llon00230 llon01232 llon01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:llon00240 llon01240 llon01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:llon00240 llon01232 llon01240 llon01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:llon00240 llon01232 llon01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:llon00240 llon00410 llon00770 llon01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:llon00260 llon01200 llon01230 llon01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:llon00260 llon00630 llon00670 llon00785 llon01200 llon01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:llon00260 llon00670 llon01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:llon00260 llon00670 llon01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:llon00260 llon00270 llon00670 llon01230 llon01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:llon00270 llon01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:llon00270 llon00670 llon01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:llon00280 llon01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:llon00310 llon01210 llon01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:llon00330 llon01230 llon01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:llon00330 llon01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:llon00330 llon01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:llon00330 llon00260 llon01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:llon00330 llon01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:llon00330 llon01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:llon00340 llon01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:llon00350 llon01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:llon00380 llon01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:llon00250 llon00650 llon01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:llon00480 llon01240 llon01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00892 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, eukaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:llon00520 llon01250 llon01100]
M01003 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, GlcNAc => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:llon00520]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:llon00520 llon01250 llon01100]
M00554 UDP-Gal biosynthesis, Gal => UDP-Gal [PATH:llon00520 llon00052 llon01250 llon01100]
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man [PATH:llon00520]
M01001 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, L-Fuc => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:llon00520]

Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:llon00510 llon01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:llon00510 llon01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:llon00515 llon01100]
M00983 GPI-anchor remodeling [PATH:llon00563 llon01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:llon00601 llon01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:llon00601 llon01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:llon00532 llon00534 llon01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:llon00532 llon01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:llon00534 llon01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:llon00531 llon01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:llon00531 llon01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:llon00380 llon00760 llon01240 llon01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:llon00770 llon01240 llon01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:llon00785 llon01240 llon01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:llon00785 llon01240 llon01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:llon00790 llon01240 llon01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:llon00670 llon01240 llon01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:llon00860 llon01240 llon01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinone [PATH:llon00130 llon01240 llon01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:llon00900 llon01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:llon00900 llon01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity