KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:mcha00010 mcha01200 mcha01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:mcha00010 mcha01200 mcha01230 mcha01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:mcha00010 mcha00020 mcha01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:mcha00010 mcha00020 mcha00620 mcha00785 mcha01200 mcha01210 mcha01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:mcha00020 mcha01200 mcha01210 mcha01230 mcha01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:mcha00030 mcha01200 mcha01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:mcha00030 mcha01200 mcha01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:mcha00030 mcha01200 mcha01230 mcha01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:mcha00030 mcha00230 mcha01200 mcha01230 mcha01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00081 Pectin degradation [PATH:mcha00040 mcha01100]
M00114 Ascorbate biosynthesis, plants, fructose-6P => ascorbate [PATH:mcha00051 mcha00053 mcha01240 mcha01100 mcha01110]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:mcha00500 mcha01100]
M00532 Photorespiration [PATH:mcha00630 mcha01200 mcha01100 mcha01110]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:mcha00562 mcha01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00165 Reductive pentose phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) [PATH:mcha00710 mcha01200 mcha01100]
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:mcha00620 mcha00710 mcha01200 mcha01100]
M00169 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), light [PATH:mcha00620 mcha00710 mcha01200 mcha01100]
M00172 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, NADP - malic enzyme type [PATH:mcha00620 mcha00710 mcha01200 mcha01100]
M00171 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, NAD - malic enzyme type [PATH:mcha00710 mcha01200 mcha01100]
M00170 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase type [PATH:mcha00710 mcha01200 mcha01100]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
M00531 Assimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:mcha00910 mcha01310 mcha01100]

Sulfur metabolism
M00987 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, plants, sulfate => H2S [PATH:mcha00920 mcha01320 mcha01100]

Photosynthesis
M00161 Photosystem II [PATH:mcha00195 mcha01100]
M00163 Photosystem I [PATH:mcha00195 mcha01100]

ATP synthesis
M00145 NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, chloroplasts and cyanobacteria [PATH:mcha00190 mcha01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:mcha00190 mcha00195 mcha01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:mcha00061 mcha01212 mcha01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:mcha00061 mcha01212 mcha01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:mcha00062 mcha01040 mcha01212 mcha01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:mcha00061 mcha00071 mcha01212 mcha01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:mcha00071 mcha01212 mcha01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00917 Phytosterol biosynthesis, squalene 2,3-epoxide => campesterol/sitosterol [PATH:mcha00100 mcha01100 mcha01110]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:mcha00561 mcha01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:mcha00561 mcha01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:mcha00564 mcha01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:mcha00600 mcha01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:mcha00600 mcha01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:mcha00600 mcha01100]
M00113 Jasmonic acid biosynthesis [PATH:mcha00592 mcha01100 mcha01110]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:mcha00230 mcha01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:mcha00230 mcha01232 mcha01240 mcha01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:mcha00230 mcha01232 mcha01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:mcha00230 mcha00240 mcha01232 mcha01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:mcha00240 mcha01232 mcha01240 mcha01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:mcha00240 mcha01232 mcha01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:mcha00240 mcha00410 mcha00770 mcha01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:mcha00260 mcha01200 mcha01230 mcha01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:mcha00260 mcha01230 mcha01100 mcha01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:mcha00260 mcha00630 mcha00670 mcha00785 mcha01200 mcha01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:mcha00260 mcha00670 mcha01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:mcha00270 mcha00920 mcha01320 mcha01200 mcha01230 mcha01100 mcha01110]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:mcha00270 mcha01100]
M00368 Ethylene biosynthesis, methionine => ethylene [PATH:mcha00270 mcha01100 mcha01110]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:mcha00290 mcha00770 mcha01210 mcha01230 mcha01100 mcha01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:mcha00290 mcha01230 mcha01100]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:mcha00280 mcha01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00527 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP aminotransferase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:mcha00300 mcha01230 mcha01100 mcha01110]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:mcha00220 mcha01210 mcha01230 mcha01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:mcha00220 mcha01230 mcha01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:mcha00330 mcha01230 mcha01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:mcha00330 mcha01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:mcha00330 mcha01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:mcha00330 mcha01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:mcha00340 mcha01230 mcha01100 mcha01110]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:mcha00400 mcha01230 mcha01100 mcha01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:mcha00400 mcha01230 mcha01100 mcha01110]
M00910 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => phenylalanine [PATH:mcha00400 mcha01230 mcha01100 mcha01110]
M00040 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => tyrosine [PATH:mcha00400 mcha01230 mcha01100 mcha01110]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:mcha00350 mcha01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:mcha00250 mcha00650 mcha01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:mcha00480 mcha01240 mcha01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00892 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, eukaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:mcha00520 mcha01250 mcha01100]
M01003 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, GlcNAc => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:mcha00520 mcha01250 mcha01100]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:mcha00520 mcha01250 mcha01100]
M00998 UDP-L-Ara biosynthesis, L-Ala => UDP-L-Ala [PATH:mcha00520 mcha01250 mcha01100]
M00997 UDP-Xyl/L-Ara biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-Xyl => UDP-L-Ala [PATH:mcha00520 mcha01250 mcha01100]
M00994 UDP-GlcA biosynthesis, myo-inositol => GlcA => UDP-GlcA [PATH:mcha00562 mcha00520 mcha00053 mcha00040 mcha01250 mcha01100]
M00999 UDP-GlcA/GalA biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-GlcA => UDP-GalA [PATH:mcha00520 mcha00053 mcha01250 mcha01100]
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man [PATH:mcha00520 mcha01250 mcha01100]
M01001 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, L-Fuc => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:mcha00520 mcha01250 mcha01100]
M01021 UDP-L-Rha biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-L-Rha [PATH:mcha00541]
M01016 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, GDP-Man => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:mcha00541]

Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:mcha00510 mcha01100]
M00072 N-glycosylation by oligosaccharyltransferase [PATH:mcha00510 mcha00513 mcha01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:mcha00510 mcha01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:mcha00730 mcha01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:mcha00740 mcha01240 mcha01100 mcha01110]
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:mcha00750 mcha01240 mcha01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:mcha00760 mcha01240 mcha01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:mcha00780 mcha01240 mcha01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:mcha00785 mcha01240 mcha01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:mcha00785 mcha01240 mcha01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:mcha00790 mcha00670 mcha01240 mcha01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:mcha00790 mcha01240 mcha01100]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:mcha00860 mcha01240 mcha01100 mcha01110]
M00932 Phylloquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ phytyl-PP) => phylloquinol [PATH:mcha00130 mcha01240 mcha01100 mcha01110]
M00112 Tocopherol/tocotorienol biosynthesis, homogentisate + phytyl/geranylgeranyl-PP => tocopherol/tocotorienol [PATH:mcha00130 mcha01240 mcha01100 mcha01110]
M00933 Plastoquinone biosynthesis, homogentisate + solanesyl-PP => plastoquinol [PATH:mcha00130 mcha01240 mcha01100 mcha01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:mcha00900 mcha01100 mcha01110]
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:mcha00900 mcha01100 mcha01110]
M00366 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, plants [PATH:mcha00900 mcha01100 mcha01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
M00097 beta-Carotene biosynthesis, GGAP => beta-carotene [PATH:mcha00906 mcha01100 mcha01110]
M00372 Abscisic acid biosynthesis, beta-carotene => abscisic acid [PATH:mcha00906 mcha01100 mcha01110]
M00371 Castasterone biosynthesis, campesterol => castasterone [PATH:mcha00905 mcha01100 mcha01110]
M00927 Gibberellin A12 biosynthesis, GAPP => GA12 [PATH:mcha00904 mcha01100 mcha01110]
M00928 Gibberellin A4/A1 biosynthesis, GA12/GA53 => GA4/GA1 [PATH:mcha00904 mcha01100 mcha01110]

Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
M00137 Flavanone biosynthesis, phenylalanine => naringenin [PATH:mcha00940 mcha00941 mcha01100 mcha01110]

Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00611 Oxygenic photosynthesis in plants and cyanobacteria
M00615 Nitrate assimilation