KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:mcoc00010 mcoc01200 mcoc01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:mcoc00010 mcoc01200 mcoc01230 mcoc01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:mcoc00010 mcoc00020 mcoc01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:mcoc00010 mcoc00020 mcoc00620 mcoc00785 mcoc01200 mcoc01210 mcoc01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:mcoc00020 mcoc01200 mcoc01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:mcoc00020 mcoc01200 mcoc01210 mcoc01230 mcoc01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:mcoc00020 mcoc01200 mcoc01210 mcoc01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:mcoc00030 mcoc01200 mcoc01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:mcoc00030 mcoc01200 mcoc01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:mcoc00030 mcoc01200 mcoc01230 mcoc01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:mcoc00030 mcoc00230 mcoc01200 mcoc01230 mcoc01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:mcoc00040 mcoc01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:mcoc00052 mcoc01100]
M00129 Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate [PATH:mcoc00040 mcoc00053 mcoc01240 mcoc01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:mcoc00500 mcoc01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:mcoc00500 mcoc01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:mcoc00520 mcoc01250 mcoc01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:mcoc00520 mcoc00052 mcoc01250 mcoc01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:mcoc00520 mcoc01250 mcoc01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:mcoc00280 mcoc00630 mcoc00640 mcoc01200 mcoc01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:mcoc00562 mcoc01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:mcoc00562 mcoc01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:mcoc00562 mcoc01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:mcoc00190 mcoc01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:mcoc00190 mcoc01100]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:mcoc00190 mcoc01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:mcoc00190 mcoc01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:mcoc00190 mcoc01100]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:mcoc00190 mcoc01100]
M00154 Cytochrome c oxidase [PATH:mcoc00190 mcoc01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:mcoc00190 mcoc01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:mcoc00061 mcoc01212 mcoc01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:mcoc00061 mcoc01212 mcoc01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:mcoc00061 mcoc01212 mcoc01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:mcoc00062 mcoc01212 mcoc01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:mcoc00062 mcoc01040 mcoc01212 mcoc01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:mcoc00061 mcoc00071 mcoc01212 mcoc01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:mcoc00071 mcoc01212 mcoc01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:mcoc01040 mcoc01212 mcoc01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:mcoc00100 mcoc01100]
M00106 Conjugated bile acid biosynthesis, cholate => taurocholate/glycocholate [PATH:mcoc00120 mcoc01100]
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH:mcoc00120 mcoc01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:mcoc00140 mcoc01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:mcoc00140 mcoc01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:mcoc00140 mcoc01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:mcoc00140 mcoc01100]
M00977 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis (androgen backdoor pathway), pregnenolone => androsterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:mcoc00140 mcoc01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:mcoc00561 mcoc01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:mcoc00561 mcoc01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:mcoc00564 mcoc01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:mcoc00564 mcoc01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:mcoc00564 mcoc01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:mcoc00600 mcoc01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:mcoc00600 mcoc01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:mcoc00600 mcoc00565 mcoc01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:mcoc00600 mcoc01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:mcoc00600 mcoc01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:mcoc00230 mcoc01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:mcoc00230 mcoc01232 mcoc01240 mcoc01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:mcoc00230 mcoc01232 mcoc01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:mcoc00230 mcoc00240 mcoc01232 mcoc01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:mcoc00230 mcoc01232 mcoc01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:mcoc00230 mcoc01232 mcoc01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:mcoc00240 mcoc01240 mcoc01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:mcoc00240 mcoc01232 mcoc01240 mcoc01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:mcoc00240 mcoc01232 mcoc01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:mcoc00240 mcoc00410 mcoc00770 mcoc01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:mcoc00260 mcoc01200 mcoc01230 mcoc01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:mcoc00260 mcoc00630 mcoc00785 mcoc01200 mcoc01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:mcoc00260 mcoc01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:mcoc00260 mcoc01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:mcoc00260 mcoc00270 mcoc01230 mcoc01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:mcoc00270 mcoc01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:mcoc00280 mcoc01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:mcoc00310 mcoc01210 mcoc01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:mcoc00220 mcoc01230 mcoc01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:mcoc00220 mcoc01230 mcoc01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:mcoc00330 mcoc01230 mcoc01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:mcoc00330 mcoc01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:mcoc00330 mcoc01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:mcoc00330 mcoc00260 mcoc01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:mcoc00330 mcoc01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:mcoc00330 mcoc01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:mcoc00340 mcoc01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:mcoc00350 mcoc01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:mcoc00350 mcoc01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:mcoc00350 mcoc01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:mcoc00380 mcoc01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:mcoc00250 mcoc00650 mcoc01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:mcoc00480 mcoc01240 mcoc01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:mcoc00510 mcoc01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:mcoc00510 mcoc01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:mcoc00510 mcoc01100]
M00056 O-glycan biosynthesis, mucin type core [PATH:mcoc00512 mcoc01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:mcoc00515 mcoc01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:mcoc00563 mcoc01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:mcoc00601 mcoc01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:mcoc00601 mcoc01100]
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer [PATH:mcoc00603 mcoc01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:mcoc00604 mcoc01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:mcoc00532 mcoc00534 mcoc01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:mcoc00532 mcoc01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:mcoc00534 mcoc01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:mcoc00531 mcoc01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:mcoc00531 mcoc01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:mcoc00531 mcoc01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:mcoc00531 mcoc01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:mcoc00380 mcoc00760 mcoc01240 mcoc01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:mcoc00770 mcoc01240 mcoc01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:mcoc00785 mcoc01240 mcoc01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:mcoc00785 mcoc01240 mcoc01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:mcoc00790 mcoc01240 mcoc01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:mcoc00790 mcoc01240 mcoc01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:mcoc00670 mcoc01240 mcoc01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:mcoc00860 mcoc01240 mcoc01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:mcoc00130 mcoc01240 mcoc01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:mcoc00900 mcoc01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity