KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:mlx00010 mlx01200 mlx01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:mlx00010 mlx01200 mlx01230 mlx01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:mlx00010 mlx00020 mlx01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:mlx00010 mlx00020 mlx00620 mlx00785 mlx01200 mlx01210 mlx01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:mlx00020 mlx01200 mlx01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:mlx00020 mlx01200 mlx01210 mlx01230 mlx01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:mlx00020 mlx01200 mlx01210 mlx01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:mlx00030 mlx01200 mlx01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:mlx00030 mlx01200 mlx01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:mlx00030 mlx01200 mlx01230 mlx01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:mlx00030 mlx00230 mlx01200 mlx01230 mlx01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:mlx00040 mlx01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:mlx00052 mlx01100]
M00129 Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate [PATH:mlx00040 mlx00053 mlx01240 mlx01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:mlx00500 mlx01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:mlx00500 mlx01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:mlx00520 mlx01250 mlx01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:mlx00520 mlx00052 mlx01250 mlx01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:mlx00520 mlx01250 mlx01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:mlx00280 mlx00630 mlx00640 mlx01200 mlx01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:mlx00562 mlx01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:mlx00562 mlx01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:mlx00562 mlx01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:mlx00190 mlx01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:mlx00190 mlx01100]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:mlx00190 mlx01100]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:mlx00190 mlx01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:mlx00190 mlx01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:mlx00190 mlx01100]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:mlx00190 mlx01100]
M00154 Cytochrome c oxidase [PATH:mlx00190 mlx01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:mlx00190 mlx01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:mlx00061 mlx01212 mlx01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:mlx00061 mlx01212 mlx01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:mlx00061 mlx01212 mlx01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:mlx00062 mlx01212 mlx01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:mlx00062 mlx01040 mlx01212 mlx01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:mlx00061 mlx00071 mlx01212 mlx01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:mlx00071 mlx01212 mlx01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:mlx01040 mlx01212 mlx01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:mlx00100 mlx01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:mlx00100 mlx01100]
M00106 Conjugated bile acid biosynthesis, cholate => taurocholate/glycocholate [PATH:mlx00120 mlx01100]
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH:mlx00120 mlx01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:mlx00140 mlx01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:mlx00140 mlx01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:mlx00140 mlx01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:mlx00140 mlx01100]
M00977 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis (androgen backdoor pathway), pregnenolone => androsterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:mlx00140 mlx01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:mlx00561 mlx01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:mlx00561 mlx01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:mlx00564 mlx01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:mlx00564 mlx01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:mlx00564 mlx01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:mlx00600 mlx01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:mlx00600 mlx01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:mlx00600 mlx00565 mlx01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:mlx00600 mlx01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:mlx00600 mlx01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:mlx00230 mlx01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:mlx00230 mlx01232 mlx01240 mlx01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:mlx00230 mlx01232 mlx01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:mlx00230 mlx00240 mlx01232 mlx01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:mlx00230 mlx01232 mlx01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:mlx00230 mlx01232 mlx01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:mlx00240 mlx01240 mlx01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:mlx00240 mlx01232 mlx01240 mlx01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:mlx00240 mlx01232 mlx01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:mlx00240 mlx00410 mlx00770 mlx01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:mlx00260 mlx01200 mlx01230 mlx01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:mlx00260 mlx00630 mlx00785 mlx01200 mlx01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:mlx00260 mlx01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:mlx00260 mlx01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:mlx00260 mlx00270 mlx01230 mlx01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:mlx00270 mlx01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:mlx00270 mlx01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:mlx00280 mlx01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:mlx00310 mlx01210 mlx01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:mlx00220 mlx01230 mlx01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:mlx00220 mlx01230 mlx01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:mlx00330 mlx01230 mlx01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:mlx00330 mlx01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:mlx00330 mlx01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:mlx00330 mlx00260 mlx01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:mlx00330 mlx01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:mlx00330 mlx01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:mlx00340 mlx01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:mlx00350 mlx01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:mlx00350 mlx01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:mlx00350 mlx01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:mlx00380 mlx01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:mlx00380 mlx01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:mlx00250 mlx00650 mlx01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:mlx00480 mlx01240 mlx01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:mlx00510 mlx01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:mlx00510 mlx01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:mlx00510 mlx01100]
M00056 O-glycan biosynthesis, mucin type core [PATH:mlx00512 mlx01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:mlx00515 mlx01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:mlx00563 mlx01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:mlx00601 mlx01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:mlx00601 mlx01100]
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer [PATH:mlx00603 mlx01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:mlx00604 mlx01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:mlx00532 mlx00534 mlx01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:mlx00532 mlx01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:mlx00534 mlx01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:mlx00531 mlx01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:mlx00531 mlx01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:mlx00531 mlx01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:mlx00531 mlx01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:mlx00380 mlx00760 mlx01240 mlx01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:mlx00770 mlx01240 mlx01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:mlx00785 mlx01240 mlx01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:mlx00785 mlx01240 mlx01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:mlx00790 mlx01240 mlx01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:mlx00790 mlx01240 mlx01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:mlx00670 mlx01240 mlx01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:mlx00860 mlx01240 mlx01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:mlx00130 mlx01240 mlx01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:mlx00900 mlx01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:mlx00900 mlx01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity