KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:nfu00010 nfu01200 nfu01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:nfu00010 nfu01200 nfu01230 nfu01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:nfu00010 nfu00020 nfu01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:nfu00010 nfu00020 nfu00620 nfu00785 nfu01200 nfu01210 nfu01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:nfu00020 nfu01200 nfu01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:nfu00020 nfu01200 nfu01210 nfu01230 nfu01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:nfu00020 nfu01200 nfu01210 nfu01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:nfu00030 nfu01200 nfu01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:nfu00030 nfu01200 nfu01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:nfu00030 nfu01200 nfu01230 nfu01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:nfu00030 nfu00230 nfu01200 nfu01230 nfu01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:nfu00040 nfu01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:nfu00052 nfu01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:nfu00500 nfu01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:nfu00500 nfu01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:nfu00520 nfu01250 nfu01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:nfu00520 nfu00052 nfu01250 nfu01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:nfu00520 nfu01250 nfu01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:nfu00280 nfu00630 nfu00640 nfu01200 nfu01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:nfu00562 nfu01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:nfu00562 nfu01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:nfu00562 nfu01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:nfu00190 nfu01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:nfu00190 nfu01100]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:nfu00190 nfu01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:nfu00190 nfu01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:nfu00190 nfu01100]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:nfu00190 nfu01100]
M00154 Cytochrome c oxidase [PATH:nfu00190 nfu01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:nfu00190 nfu01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:nfu00061 nfu01212 nfu01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:nfu00061 nfu01212 nfu01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:nfu00062 nfu01212 nfu01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:nfu00062 nfu01040 nfu01212 nfu01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:nfu00061 nfu00071 nfu01212 nfu01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:nfu00071 nfu01212 nfu01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:nfu01040 nfu01212 nfu01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:nfu00100 nfu01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:nfu00100 nfu01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:nfu00140 nfu01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:nfu00140 nfu01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:nfu00140 nfu01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:nfu00140 nfu01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:nfu00561 nfu01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:nfu00561 nfu01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:nfu00564 nfu01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:nfu00564 nfu01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:nfu00564 nfu01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:nfu00600 nfu01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:nfu00600 nfu01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:nfu00600 nfu00565 nfu01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:nfu00600 nfu01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:nfu00600 nfu01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:nfu00230 nfu01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:nfu00230 nfu01232 nfu01240 nfu01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:nfu00230 nfu01232 nfu01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:nfu00230 nfu00240 nfu01232 nfu01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:nfu00230 nfu01232 nfu01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:nfu00230 nfu01232 nfu01100]
M00546 Purine degradation, xanthine => urea [PATH:nfu00230 nfu01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:nfu00240 nfu01240 nfu01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:nfu00240 nfu01232 nfu01240 nfu01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:nfu00240 nfu01232 nfu01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:nfu00240 nfu00410 nfu00770 nfu01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:nfu00260 nfu01200 nfu01230 nfu01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:nfu00260 nfu00630 nfu00785 nfu01200 nfu01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:nfu00260 nfu01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:nfu00260 nfu01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:nfu00260 nfu00270 nfu01230 nfu01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:nfu00270 nfu01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:nfu00270 nfu01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:nfu00280 nfu01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:nfu00310 nfu01210 nfu01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:nfu00220 nfu01230 nfu01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:nfu00220 nfu01230 nfu01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:nfu00330 nfu01230 nfu01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:nfu00330 nfu01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:nfu00330 nfu01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:nfu00330 nfu00260 nfu01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:nfu00330 nfu01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:nfu00330 nfu01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:nfu00340 nfu01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:nfu00350 nfu01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:nfu00350 nfu01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:nfu00350 nfu01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:nfu00380 nfu01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:nfu00380 nfu01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:nfu00250 nfu00650 nfu01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:nfu00480 nfu01240 nfu01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:nfu00510 nfu01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:nfu00510 nfu01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:nfu00510 nfu01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:nfu00515 nfu01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:nfu00601 nfu01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:nfu00601 nfu01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:nfu00604 nfu01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:nfu00532 nfu00534 nfu01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:nfu00532 nfu01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:nfu00534 nfu01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:nfu00531 nfu01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:nfu00531 nfu01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:nfu00531 nfu01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:nfu00531 nfu01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:nfu00380 nfu00760 nfu01240 nfu01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:nfu00770 nfu01240 nfu01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:nfu00785 nfu01240 nfu01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:nfu00785 nfu01240 nfu01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:nfu00790 nfu01240 nfu01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:nfu00790 nfu01240 nfu01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:nfu00670 nfu01240 nfu01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:nfu00860 nfu01240 nfu01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:nfu00130 nfu01240 nfu01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:nfu00900 nfu01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:nfu00900 nfu01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity